模式湿物理过程的组合对一次南京大暴雨降水模拟的影响分析

以第五代中尺度模式（MM5）为基础,本文对一次南京大暴雨个例进行了三组数值模拟试验,研究了模式湿物理过程参数化方案的组合对梅雨暴雨降水预报的影响.试验结果表明：模式的积云对流参数化方案的选用对南京大暴雨的预报至关重要,积云对流参数化方案的选用比边界层参数化对暴雨数值预报的影响大;对20km模式分辨率而言,采用单一的积云...     

2003年江淮连续梅雨暴雨过程的中尺度数值试验

为了分析天气研究及预报WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式对我国天气现象的适用性,利用WRF模式对2003年淮河汛期的3次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了一组数值模拟试验,对3次天气过程模拟试验采用相同的参数设置,模拟区域根据实况降水落区作了相应设置.模拟结果分析表明,WRF模式能有效模拟我国梅雨锋暴雨的环流背景和天气形势,较好地反映影响暴雨的中尺度系统的发生和发展等特征,还可以较好地模拟出雨带的范围、位置和走向,对降水中心的模拟基本可用.     

梅雨锋暴雨个例的中尺度数值模拟研究（I）——中α尺度双雨带

利用ＰＳＵ／ＮＣＡＲ的中尺度数值模式ＭＭ５,取１９８１年６月２７日梅雨锋暴雨过程作为个例进行了数值模拟,模拟的降水结果同华东中尺度天气试验实测取得的该暴雨过程的稠密降水资料分析结果相比较,发现直到中β尺度程度上,两者的分布结构和演变过程等基本特征都是近于一致的,不论在观测分析中还是模拟结果中,几乎与梅雨锋都平行,均出现了α尺度（南,北）双雨带,它们均由整个中β尺度雨团组织和近乎东移所成,双雨带之间     

梅雨锋暴雨个例的中尺度数值模拟研究(Ι)——中α尺度双雨带

利用ＰＳＵ／ＮＣＡＲ的中尺度数值模式ＭＭ５,取１９８１年６月２７日梅雨锋暴雨过程作为个例进行了数值模拟,模拟的降水结果同华东中尺度天气试验实测取得的该暴雨过程的稠密降水资料分析结果相比较,发现直到中β尺度程度上,两者的分布结构和演变过程等基本特征都是近于一致的．不论在观测分析中还是在模拟结果中,几乎与梅雨锋相平行,均出现了中α尺度（南、北）双雨带,它们均由数个中β尺度雨团组织和近乎东移所成,双雨带之间均具有些此强彼弱的演变特征．所有这些构成了梅雨锋雨区或暴雨主要的中尺度时空特征．     

"07.07"暴雨的数值模拟及回波分析

运用非静力中尺度模式MM5V3.7,对2007年7月7-8日的南京地区暴雨过程进行数值模拟并结合雷达资料进行分析。分析结果表明,高低空急流的配合有利于大暴雨的产生;高层的强辐散和低层的强辐合中心与降水有好的对应关系;在雷达回波图上梅雨锋降水回波区出现多条中尺度对流回波带。     

WRF不同边界层参数化方案对重庆一次暴雨过程的模拟

利用中尺度天气预报数值模式(WRF)中的3种边界层参数化方案(YSU、MYJ和ACM2)模拟了重庆2012年8月30日-9月1日的一次暴雨过程,结合同期的观测资料分析了3种不同边界层参数化方案模拟降水强度和降水落区的差异,对各方案模拟重庆区域内的降水能力进行了检验评估.通过垂直速度、水汽通量散度和相对涡度等基本物理量的诊断,对比分析了不同方案模拟降水的差异.结果表明, 3种边界层方案均能模拟出此次雨带的移动方向,但YSU方案能较好地模拟出降水落区、降水强度和降水趋势, MYJ方案模拟效果次之, ACM2方案模拟效果较差. YSU方案模拟降水的动力条件和水汽条件配置符合实际降水情况,是模拟效果较好的主要原因.     

云微物理参数化方案对青藏高原一次对流云降水模拟的影响

利用WRF V3.9.1中尺度数值天气预报模式(mesoscale numerical weather forecast model,WRF)7种云微物理参数化方案,对2015年8月13日青藏高原那曲地区一次对流云降水过程进行数值模拟,对比分析不同云微物理参数化方案对降水、环流以及相关物理量模拟的影响.结果表明:WRF模式能够较好地模拟本次对流云降水过程,但不同云微物理参数化方案对降水、环流场等物理量的模拟有明显影响.在降水落区方面,各方案模拟的雨区范围普遍偏大,仅Lin和CAMS方案较好地模拟出那曲中部的降水中心,而对于降水量,除WSM5、Morrison和New Thompson方案模拟值偏低外,其余方案模拟结果与实况值较为一致.此外,不同云微物理参数化方案模拟的降水日变化同样存在差异,大部分方案能够再现本次降水过程的前两次降水峰值,但均未能模拟出第3次降水峰值.对于大气环流和水热物理量场,各方案也可较好地再现其基本特征,但方案间的差异不可忽视.总体来说,Lin方案对本次高原对流云降水过程降水以及环流等相关物理量的模拟效果最佳.     

用新RIEMS模式研究陆面过程对暴雨的影响

对MM5模式中的MYE，MRF以及新引进的NB方案(E—ε—l边界层参数化)3种边界层参数化方案耦合了陆面过程模式BATS，形成新的RIEMS模式．用此模式及原MM5模式对2个江淮暴个例进行了数值模拟以考察陆面过程对暴雨模拟的影响，同时也分析了加入BATS后模式对形势场和有关气象场的影响．结果表明加了BATS后，模式在降水场，形势场，低空急流等方面均优于原MM5模式，表明陆面过程短期天气过程也有重要影响．     

98.7特大暴雨的动力学及能量诊断分析

利用非静力中尺度模式MM5的客观分析资料对引起这次特大暴雨的可能机制进行了讨论。指出，在“98．7”暴雨发生发展期间，梅雨锋系的冷（暖）锋后（前）部分别有与冷（暖）锋平行的θse密集（稀疏）带，这表明θse能很好地反映气团与梅雨锋扰动在地面附近的热力结构特征。对该过程的三维空间动力学锋生函数进行的诊断结果发现，925hPa的锋生带与武汉及其周边地区的暴雨带相当接近，揭示了暴雨带与锋生强迫有一定的动力学关系。而850hPa的锋生分布为实际未来48h的暴积降水量分布提供了可能预报依据。从能量的观点来看，在暖锋区为高温、高湿和高能区，并且，不稳定的大气层结是产生此次强暴雨过程的主要物理条件之一。     

长江中下游地区一次辐射雾的数值模拟

为了解中尺度数值模式对辐射雾的模拟能力及对辐射雾生消有明显影响的物理过程，利用MM5模式对2003年12月11、12日的1次辐射雾生消过程进行了数值模拟研究。并针对明显影响辐射雾生消的微物理过程和辐射传输过程，以及模式水平分辨率精度进行了3组敏感性对比模拟试验。结果表明，适当选取中尺度数值模式中的物理参数化方案和水平分辨率，可以有效地模拟出辐射雾的生消及分布，模拟雾的生成时间、高度和雾区范围与实况较为相近。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.