城市公共交通走廊动态客流分析模型

为了科学分析和评价城市公共交通走廊的客流流动规律,研究了走廊内乘客对于出发时刻及交通方式选择的问题,提出了城市公共交通走廊动态客流分析模型.模型主要由乘客出发时刻和交通方式选择组合动态均衡分配模型,以及乘客出行负效用模型两部分构成.在此基础上,设计了一套启发式算法求解该模型;并以上海市的跨江公共交通走廊为案例,验证所提出的模型和求解算法.研究结果表明,该模型能够真实反映城市公共交通走廊内客流的时空分布情况,以及行程时间、拥挤度及出行费用等因素对乘客出行选择的影响.所提出的模型可为城市公交走廊内各公共交通方式的合理搭配、运输组织模式优化提供决策支持.     

基于多源数据融合的高铁枢纽多模式换乘客流分担率估计

为实现高铁客运枢纽换乘客流分担率的精准辨识,研究结合多模式公共交通大数据,提出了一类基于广义出行链的高铁客运枢纽换乘方式选择模型.通过对不同公共交通方式换乘阶段的关联和融合,提取以高铁客运枢纽为端点的个体广义出行链,分析高铁客运枢纽换乘客流的时空分布特征;综合考虑高铁客运枢纽乘客的个体经济社会属性、主观心理因素及其个体...     

基于前景值和乘客最优理论的居民公交出行选择模型

为研究城市内居民的出行目的与公共交通工具选择的关系,运用前景理论和乘客最优理论建立了客运走廊内居民公共交通出行选择模型。调查了苏州市木渎站至钟南街站客运走廊沿线居民的出行目的,获取了居民出行目的与公共交通工具服务属性关系数据,以此数据为依据计算出各种公共交通工具的前景值,并进行模型检验,结果发现模型运行至第786代后解的质量稳定在97%,与实测值相比,模型的模拟结果与居民选择公共交通工具的行为是一致的。可见该模型为预测公共交通工具的分担量提供一种的新思路。     

基于多区域人群的上海公交走廊出行行为

基于上海市公共交通走廊内的乘客出行调查,利用离散选择理论,建立了现状调查/假设意愿调查(RP/SP)融合数据的Nested Logit模型.通过模型参数标定、敏感性分析从定性、定量两个角度研究了在城市公交走廊内,来自不同区域的出行者对于公共交通方式的出行行为及影响因素;在此基础上,分析了模型在不同空间范围内的转移适用性;最后,通过算例进行分析和验证.通过研究可知,在城市公交走廊内,影响出行者选择行为的因素不尽相同,其区域差异性不容忽视;其次,不同区域的出行者对于各公交方式的偏好存在较大差异;再次,不同区域的出行者在走廊内选择交通方式时,对于同一影响因素的敏感性有所不同.从数据获取、模型建立、标定分析及仿真验证四个步骤逐次展开,提出了针对不同区域出行者在城市公交走廊选择行为的基本方法和必要性,对未来城市公共交通走廊的规划和改进提供新的思路和方向.     

开放式小区公交微循环站点与线网综合设计

公交微循环系统是解决城市交通"最后一千米"问题的有效方案.在当前建设开放式小区的背景下,其站点选址和线网设计对于乘客、企业和社会更具有重要意义.以所有公交微循环线路总长度最小和乘客总步行距离最短为目标,以站点数量、站间距、线路长度等为约束条件,建立开放式小区公交微循环站点与线路综合设计模型,设计遗传算法求解模型.以北京市某小区为例,验证了所提出的模型和算法的正确性和有效性.最后,对模型参数和线路条数进行灵敏度分析,决策者应综合考虑企业与乘客利益,选择合理的模型参数值与布设线路条数,使决策达到最优.     

基于成本分析的快速公交发车频率优化方法

以公共交通走廊上单条快速公交线路为研究对象,建立了基于快速公交线路站点OD数据的用户成本模型及企业运营成本模型,并以总成本最小为目标函数建立了快速公交线路的发车频率优化模型,建模过程中充分考虑了时间价值对模型优化结果的影响.以常州市快速公交1号线为例对模型进行了应用研究,结果表明:随着发车频率的增加,总成本先降后升,在15 veh/h处达到最小值.因此建议高峰时间发车间隔为3～5 min;平峰时段发车间隔为6～8 min.对用户成本和企业运营成本随发车频率变化的敏感性进行了分析,得出了优化发车频率对降低乘客等车时间成本有显著的效果,而对减少乘客车内时间成本作用较小的结论,为企业在满足一定公交服务的基础上降低运营成本提供了决策依据.     

经济圈客运交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型

为优化经济圈内客运多方式交通网络结构,建立了交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型,研究经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡时乘客的交通方式选择问题.考虑出行时间、出行费用、舒适度等影响乘客出行方式选择的因素,分析了铁路和公路2种存在主要竞争关系的出行方式的广义出行费用.结合我国经济圈内城际客运出行特征,给出了经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡条件,构建了与该均衡条件等价的变分不等式模型,设计了求解该模型的精简对角化算法.最后结合长江三角洲经济圈,应用该模型预测乘客选择铁路和公路出行方式的比例.结果表明,模型和求解算法有效,能够从用户最优的角度为合理配置经济圈内多种交通方式提供量化依据.     

综合客运枢纽内各方式协调调度模型研究

以乘客费用最小为优化目标, 以各种客运方式（地铁、轻轨和常规公交）的发车间隔为决策变量, 以各方式的车辆配置及各方式间的运能匹配为约束条件, 建立了综合客运枢纽各方式协调调度模型, 利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱对模型进行求解, 并以北京市西直门综合客运枢纽为例对模型进行了验证. 结果表明实施协调调度后乘客费用显著减少, 已建模型能够较好地解决枢纽内各方式间的协调调度问题.     

城市综合客运枢纽交通方式换乘分担率模型

为确定城市综合客运枢纽各交通方式的分担率,以RP/SP数据为基础,引入随机效用理论,考虑时间、费用、出行目的和收入4种因素对方式选择的影响,构建了综合客运枢纽内多方式两两交叉换乘分担率模型,并应用于深圳福田客运枢纽。应用结果表明:公交与地铁等公共交通方式分担了将近80%的客流,周末出租车分担率显著高出工作日;模型能够更有效地计算枢纽内一种交通方式换乘某一特定交通方式的选择概率,并计算枢纽内各运输方式的换乘分担率,为城市综合客运枢纽的规划提供决策支撑。     

公路客运企业战略联盟动因及其实现方式

公路客运企业目前面临高竞争压力、高油价、外资进入以及自身组织管理水平低下等问题.企业战略联盟等合作形式因此受到重视.根据客运市场存在的地域与行业分割等方面的缺陷进行分析,公路客运企业实施跨地区、跨行业战略联盟的可能方式选择有:相近线路、线路整合、争取新线路等同业联盟方式以及与其它客运方式、广告业、旅游业、高速公路服务设施管理部门的异业联盟方式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.