带广义扩张状态观测器的柔性滚珠丝杠进给系统LQR控制

为了改善滚珠丝杠进给系统的跟踪性能,采用了带广义扩张状态观测器(GESO)的线性二次型调节器(LQR)进行控制.首先,针对具有轴向振动特性的滚珠丝杠进给系统建立了二自由度质量模型状态方程及传递函数;其次,根据模型的状态方程设计了系统的LQR控制器,为了消除系统受到的外部干扰和反馈中存在噪声影响设计了广义状态观测器;最后,通过仿真和对比试验对设计的控制器性能进行验证.仿真及对比试验结果表明,所设计的带GESO的LQR控制器具有较高的跟踪精度,对于外部干扰和反馈噪声具有抑制作用,能够保证进给系统的鲁棒性.     

基于变幂次趋近律的滚珠丝杠进给系统滑模控制

为了解决滚珠丝杠进给系统滑模控制的抖振问题并提高系统跟踪性能,提出了一种基于变幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法.所设计的非线性干扰观测器能精确地观测出是否满足匹配条件的干扰.采用改进的变幂次趋近律提高了滑模函数的收敛速度,改善了运动品质.在控制律中设计积分补偿项消除了匀速段的稳态误差.仿真及实验结果表明:基于指数趋近律方法的最大跟踪误差仿真值与实验值分别为3.40和17.77μm,基于改进的变幂次趋近律方法的最大跟踪误差仿真值与实验值降低至2.79和11.00μm.控制电压信号中的抖振明显削弱,且增加外部干扰后仍能维持高精度.仿真及实验结果证明了基于变幂次趋近律的滚珠丝杠进给系统滑模控制方法能够有效消除抖振及匀速段的稳态误差,提高跟踪精度,且对外部干扰具有强鲁棒性.     

基于改进型LuGre模型的自适应滑模摩擦补偿方法

为建立具有良好动态性能的开放式伺服系统,针对自适应摩擦补偿对未知建模误差和扰动抑制能力较弱的问题,提出了一种基于修正黏性摩擦Lu Gre模型的自适应滑模摩擦补偿方法.建立开放式伺服系统的动力学方程,并结合修正黏性摩擦Lu Gre模型,提出伺服系统的状态方程.根据反演设计的思想,设计自适应滑模摩擦控制器以及相应的自适应律和切换函数,并分析了其全局渐进稳定性.通过可编程多轴控制器(PMAC)实现了该补偿控制方案在开放式伺服平台的应用,并通过实验验证了其有效性.实验结果表明:与自适应摩擦补偿相比,该自适应滑模摩擦补偿方案在输入信号为正弦信号时,伺服系统的跟踪误差由±6.9,μm降低到±4.1,μm.采用该补偿方案可有效地抑制摩擦及其他不确定干扰对伺服系统的不利影响,进一步提高伺服系统的跟踪性能.     

误差补偿的精确运动系统研究

构建了以滚珠丝杠传动提供宏观运动,以超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)进行微观运动误差补偿的单坐标数控工作台精确运动实验系统.提出所设计的GMA的系统模型由频率无关迟滞特性与机电系统传递函数串联构成.由Lyapunov稳定性理论推导出滑模变结构控制方案的自适应控制规律.实验结果显示,GMA通过动态补偿控制可以很好的补偿滚珠丝杠的运动误差,使工作平台的运动精度显著提高.     

微进给工作台伺服控制技术

为实现母盘刻录机中光学头的精密进给,研制了精密微进给工作台及其伺服控制系统.利用线光栅作为工作台位移检测工具,采用数字比例积分微分(PID)伺服滤波器实现位移控制.经实验方法测定,系统摩擦可以近似为Coulomb摩擦加Stribeck效应的模型.采用了基于该模型的摩擦补偿方法以消除电机死区影响.为实现精确轨迹控制,控制系统采用了零相位误差跟踪控制(ZPETC)技术.针对高增益PID、摩擦补偿和ZPETC加摩擦补偿这3种控制方法,分别进行了轨迹跟踪实验,其轨迹误差分别为±0.8、±0.6 和±0.3 μm.     

采用摩擦补偿的弹药传输机械臂自适应终端滑模控制

为处理某自行火炮弹药传输机械臂系统在负载变化和非线性摩擦干扰情况下的快速定位控制问题,构造了一种结合自适应思想的新型非奇异快速终端滑模控制策略.建立了负载变化及非线性摩擦干扰情况下的弹药传输机械臂动力学方程.为避免控制器产生奇异问题和改进控制器到达滑模面的速度,采用一种新型非奇异快速终端滑模控制策略,设计了弹药传输机械臂的控制律.针对系统不确定上界难以确定的问题,采用自适应律估计系统的不确定上界,并利用Lyapunov准则证明了系统状态的有限时间收敛.为实现系统非线性摩擦补偿控制,使用遗传算法对建立的Stribeck模型进行参数辨识.不同负载工况下弹药传输机械臂实验结果表明:文中设计的控制器实现了负载变化和非线性摩擦情况下弹药传输机械臂的快速准确定位,具有良好的鲁棒性,控制策略合理有效.     

无人驾驶机器人机械腿非线性模糊自适应反演滑模控制

为了实现无人驾驶机器人机械腿位置精确跟踪及提高车速跟踪精度,针对机械腿受到的非线性干扰,提出了一种基于非线性干扰观测器的机械腿模糊自适应反演滑模控制方法.首先,通过对机械腿机构操纵踏板时的位置运动分析,建立了机械腿运动学模型,构建了考虑运动副非线性摩擦的机械腿动力学模型,描述了机械腿关节间摩擦力矩与相对速度之间的关系,求得了摩擦参数.接着,设计了油门/制动机械腿切换控制器和非线性干扰观测器.最后,针对观测误差以及其他不确定干扰,设计了模糊自适应反演滑模控制器,进行了李雅普诺夫稳定性分析.实验结果表明,所提方法有效削减了控制输出的抖振,且相较于未对摩擦进行补偿的情况,机械腿位置最大跟踪误差从5.5×10~(-2) rad减小为1.1×10~(-3) rad,最大车速跟踪误差从2.21 km/h减小为1.91 km/h.基于干扰观测器的机械腿模糊自适应反演滑模控制方法能够有效提高机械腿跟踪精度与车速跟踪精度.     

有刷直流电机自适应滑模控制器设计与实验

为了提高有刷直流电机低速控制的精确性,设计了基于扰动补偿的有刷直流电机转速自适应滑模控制器。首先,针对转速模型中摩擦力在转速快速变化过程中体现的快变特性和在线估计困难的特点,采用Stribeck稳态摩擦力模型,通过离线辨识模型参数的方式计算摩擦力;其次,针对负载扭矩等扰动的慢变特性,设计了扰动观测器对其进行在线估计,并证明了估计误差的有限时间收敛性及有界性;最后,设计了自适应滑模控制器对扰动进行补偿和误差反馈校正,进而实现精确的转速跟踪控制,并在Lyapunov稳定性框架下证明了闭环系统的稳定性。该控制器的开关增益仅与扰动观测器估计误差的上界相关,避免了一般滑模控制方法采用高增益来提高控制精度的问题,从而能够大大减小系统输入抖振现象,有利于工程实现。所提方法的稳态误差分别为PI、传统滑模控制器稳态误差的46%、63%,响应时间在0.15s以内,远小于PI、传统滑模控制器的响应时间,通过正弦参考信号跟踪实验,验证了所提方法在瞬态工况下具有很好的控制效果。实验结果表明,所设计的控制器能有效抑制摩擦力及负载扰动对电机控制带来的影响,能显著改善电机控制的稳态和瞬态性能,并且该方法能大大减小控制输入的抖振问题。     

大导程滚珠丝杠进给系统动力学建模研究

本文通过弹性力学中的赫兹接触理论,分析了进给系统动结合部（滑块副、丝杠螺母副、轴承副）的接触刚度。考虑了丝杠的柔性并利用达朗贝尔原理,建立了进给系统的集中参数动力学模型。根据动力学模型,利用MATLAB工具进行了仿真分析,并利用比利时LMS公司提供的Test.Lab振动噪声测试模块对机床进给系统进行了实验验证。实验分析验证了理论分析的正确性。该建模方法较为准确地预测大导程滚珠丝杠副进给系统的动力学特性,为主动设计进给系统提供了理论依据。     

基于Preisach逆模型的迟滞非线性系统自适应滑模控制

针对压电陶瓷的迟滞特性严重影响了精确定位或跟踪系统的精度,提出了基于Preisach逆模型的前馈补偿滑模自适应控制。为了避免逆模型的精度受原迟滞模型精度的影响,采用逆模型前馈补偿方法。逆模型前馈补偿不依赖于原模型的精度,同时可获得补偿电压,从而减弱迟滞特性;应用了自适应滑模控制方法,减小跟踪误差,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器可保证系统全局渐进稳定。最后在Matlab环境中进行仿真。仿真结果表明,系统能够很好地跟踪期望输出,减小跟踪误差,验证了控制方案的有效性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.