恩度对雌激素受体阳性的人乳腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用及其分子机制的研究

研究了重组人血管内皮抑素(恩度)对雌激素受体阳性的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株生长的抑制作用与其分子机制.采用MTT法、台盼蓝染色法和中性红染色法检测不同浓度恩度对MCF-7细胞生长的抑制作用,Hoechst33258荧光染色法和TUNEL分析法观察恩度诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的形态变化,蛋白印迹法检测恩度作用的MCF-7细胞中与生长和凋亡相关蛋白的表达.结果表明,恩度显著性地抑制MCF-7细胞的生长并诱导细胞凋亡.此外,恩度显著性地减少MCF-7细胞VEGFR1,c-Met,ERα,Akt,NF-κB,Bcl-2和CyclinD1蛋白的表达,明显地上调Bax蛋白的表达,其作用的分子机制可能是通过抑制VEGFR1/c-Met/ERα-Akt-NF-κB信号传导通路,下调Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比率、降低CyclinD1蛋白的水平.     

氰戊菊酯对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响

通过加入PD98059(细胞外信号调节激酶阻断剂)后探讨氰戊菊酯诱导乳腺癌细胞增殖的作用机制.观察加入PD98059前后氰戊菊酯诱导的细胞增殖情况,采用MTT法,流式细胞仪测定周期法,流式细胞仪法观察ERα蛋白、ERK蛋白和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达情况.氰戊菊酯能够明显升高MCF-7细胞的S期细胞数,作用程度与雌二醇相似,并且通过降低ERα蛋白表达量,升高p-ERK蛋白表达量促进MCF-7细胞的增殖;加入PD98059后,S期细胞比例降低,ERα蛋白表达量升高,p-ERK蛋白表达量降低,MCF-7细胞的增殖降低.氰戊菊酯通过ERK细胞信号转导通路发挥促细胞增殖作用.     

双酚A类同系物的雌激素效应及对MCF-7细胞的毒性

双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)及其类似物作为聚碳酸酯的主要合成原料, 一直是环境污染的重要问题, 其环境分布及人体暴露是当今科学研究的热点. 为评估环境中BPA 类物质的毒性效应, 采用MTT 比色法检测了7 种BPA 类同系物对人雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)缺失乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(ER–) 增殖活性的影响. 通过检测细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)露出率评估了目标物对MCF-7 细胞膜的损伤, 结果表明, 在0.01～1.00 μmol/L 浓度范围内, 受试化合物对MCF-7 细胞的毒性较小, LDH 少量露出; 而在10 和100 μmol/L 浓度下, 细胞增殖受到显著抑制, 细胞膜通透性显著改变, LDH大量露出. 同时采用ER 基因双杂交酵母实验检验了这几种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应大小, 通过Logistic 模型对曲线进行了拟合, 并以模型估算的半数透导活性(EC50) 评估了7 种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应活性, 其大小依次为TDP>BPAF>4Cl-BPA>BPC>BPA>BPE>BPAP. 这说明其雌激素效应机制可能是通过和ER 结合而产生的.     

人类wnt9a的免疫组化研究

根据人类wnt9a基因的序列,设计检测引物,RT-PCR结果表明wnt9a在人类乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中表达.为进一步研究wnt9a蛋白是否在MCF-7中表达,表达和分离纯化wnt9a蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体,免疫组化研究表明wnt9a蛋白在人类乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中表达.本研究为进一步研究wnt9a在乳腺癌发生和防治中的功能奠定了一定基础.     

Chaetoglobosins E诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡作用机制研究

为探究Chaetoglobosins E(ChE)对肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,体外培养人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人膀胱癌T-24细胞、人黑色素瘤C8161细胞、人白血病U937细胞,用不同浓度的ChE分别作用于4种细胞24 h或48 h,MTT法检测4种肿瘤细胞的增殖情况;为进一步研究其作用机制,Hoechst 3334...     

5,4’-二-正辛烷氧基-7-二氟亚甲基异黄酮抑制人乳腺癌细胞生长和诱导凋亡的作用

目的 探讨金雀异黄素（Genistein,Gen）衍生物5,4’-二-正辛烷氧基-7-二氟亚甲基异黄酮（5,4’-Di-n- octoxyl-7-gem-difluoromethylene-genistein,DOdFMG）体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞生长和诱导凋亡作用及机制,以寻找具有开发前景的肿瘤治疗新候选药物.方法 体外培养人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞,分别应用不同浓度的DOdFMG处理人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞,软琼脂克隆形成法测定DOdFMG对体外培养MCF-7细胞的锚定非依赖性增殖及生长作用的影响;PI染色流式细胞计分析（FCM）法检测DOdFMG对MCF-7细胞诱导凋亡影响.western blotting法检测蛋白激酶CK2,NF-KB蛋白表达和活性的变化,初步探讨DOdFMG抗乳腺癌作用的分子机制.结果 DOdFMG对体外培养MCF-7细胞具有抑制增殖及生长作用,呈剂量依赖性.DOdFMG诱导人MCF-7细胞凋亡.Western Blot分析结果显示：DOdFMG 3.0,10.0,30.0 μmol/L处理人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞24 h后,比较于空白对照组,蛋白激酶CK2的表达下调12.50%,41.50%,67.30%,NF-KB的表达下调20.50%,51.47%,71.93%.DOdFMG 30.0 μmol/L分别处理6,12,24 h后,比较于空白对照组,蛋白激酶CK2的表达下调27.73％,44.8％,65.2％,NF-KB的表达下调20.50%,49.83%,69.93%.这表明DOdFMG以时间－剂量依赖方式引起蛋白激酶CK2、NF-KB下调,与先导化合物Gen比较,DOdFMG更为有效（P<0.05）.结论 DOdFMG显著抑制人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞增殖及生长;DOdFMG可诱导人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞凋亡;抑制蛋白激酶CK2,下调NF-κB的表达可能是DOdFMG诱导凋亡的分子机制之一.     

The molecular mechanism of different sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to TRAIL

Although Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis of various cancer cells, some caner cell lines are resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL-resistance, two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (resistant to TRAIL) and MDA-MB-231 (sensitive to TRAIL), were used as a model system to analyze the different sensitivities to TRAIL cytotoxicity. PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin, but not MEK and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 nor PI3K inhibitor LY294002, was shown to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells significantly, suggesting that PKCδ might play an important role in the resistance of MCF-7 cells to TRAIL. In contrast, rottlerin, U0126, and Ly294002 had no effect on MDA-MB-231 apoptosis induced by TRAIL under the same conditions. Further experiment showed that the combination of rottlerin and TRAIL cleaved PARP in the MCF-7 cells synergistically, but not in the MDA-MB-231 cells. The role of PKCδ in TRAIL-resistant MCF-7 cells was confirmed by knocking down the endogenous PKCδ expression using RNAi technology. Furthermore, caspase-3 reconstitution in MCF-7 cells was unable to alter PKCδ expression, suggesting that innate caspase-3 deficient in the cells does not cause PKCδ high expression. These data provide evidence for the first time that PKCδ plays a critical role in breast cancer cell lines to TRAIL cytotoxicity.     

藻红蛋白调控ΔΨ_m诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡

研究藻红蛋白调控细胞内线粒体膜电位变化诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡的研究.MTT法检测藻红蛋白对MCF-7细胞的细胞毒作用;倒置显微镜观察藻红蛋白对细胞形态学的影响;Ho-echst33258单染,荧光显微镜下观察藻红蛋白作用MCF-7细胞的形态学变化;PI单染,流式细胞术测定藻红蛋白诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的凋亡率;TMRE单染,激光共聚焦显微镜检测MCF-7细胞中线粒体膜电位的变化.藻红蛋白对MCF-7细胞的IC50为81.60μg/L;形态学观察在作用48 h后,随给药质量浓度增加细胞生长密度逐渐变疏,细胞变小,细胞皱缩,高质量浓度组大部分细胞破碎,贴壁减少.Hoechst33258荧光染色结果显示,藻红蛋白与MCF-7细胞共培养后,随着剂量增加细胞呈明显的固缩状,细胞核出现碎片和凋亡小体等细胞凋亡现象;藻红蛋白作用48 h后的细胞出现凋亡的亚二倍体峰,DNA复制下降;凋亡率分别为25.18%、55.45%、83.94%.不同质量浓度藻红蛋白对MCF-7作用48 h后,线粒体膜电位荧光强度分别为24.40±0.21、20.45±0.24和19.77±0.27.藻红蛋白通过调节细胞内线粒体膜电位变化诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡.     

过表达maspin对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡的影响

通过构建maspin表达质粒,在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中过表达maspin,研究maspin对MCF-7细胞增殖率及凋亡率的影响.MTT检测实验表明,过表达maspin能够剂量依赖性抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖率.采用TUNEL法和流式细胞术检测maspin对MCF-7细胞凋亡的影响,结果表明过表达maspin可促进MCF-7细胞凋亡进而抑制其增殖.     

重组质粒pEgr-1-TRAIL辐射诱导乳腺癌细胞效应的实验研究

目的将具有辐射诱导表达特性的重组质粒p Egr-1-TRAIL转入乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中,诱导肿瘤杀伤基因TRAIL的表达,实现辐射和基因对MCF-7细胞的双重杀伤效应.方法用ELISA法检测不同剂量X射线诱导TRAIL表达的量效关系及2 Gy X射线照射后不同时间TRAIL的表达;用流式细胞仪检测不同处理组MCF-7细胞早期凋亡情况.结果不同剂量X射线照射转染p Egr-1-TRAIL重组质粒的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,TRAIL表达量明显高于假照组(P0.001~0.05),其中5 Gy X射线照后表达量最高,TRAIL表达量为假照组的5.1倍.2 Gy X射线照射后4 h,TRAIL表达量明显升高(P0.05),并随时间延长逐渐增加,照射后32 h达峰值,表达量为照射前的4.6倍.MCF-7-p Egr-1-TRAIL/0 Gy组早期凋亡细胞百分数较MCF-7/0 Gy和MCF-7-p3.1Egr/0 Gy组明显增加(P0.01),随着照射剂量的增加,MCF-7-p Egr-1-TRAIL/5 Gy组细胞早期凋亡率与其他处理组比较均存在统计学意义(P0.001~0.05),MCF-7/0 Gy组细胞生长最快,而MCF-7-p Egr-1-TRAIL/8 Gy组细胞生长最慢.结论乳腺癌细胞转染p Egr-1-TRAIL重组表达质粒联合X射线照射能够增加MCF-7细胞凋亡,抑制其生长.     

乳腺癌转移抑制因子（BRMS1）在人乳腺癌细胞系中的表达受体研究

通过PCR方法研究乳腺癌转移抑制因子（BRMS1）在人乳腺癌细胞系MDA MB-231和MCF-7中的表达.质粒（MDA231PEF,MCF-7PEF）通过克隆到大肠杆菌中进行转化.对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA MB-231和MCF-7进行RNA提取并进行反转录.将基因部分敲除的BRMS1（MDA231 BRMS1rib1,MCF7BRMS1rib1）通过大肠杆菌进行克隆,研究BRMS1在MDA MB-231和MCF-7中的表达.结果表明BRMS1在MDA MB-231和MCF-7中均有明显的表达,基因部分敲除后表达减弱.由此说明BRMS1在人乳腺癌细胞系MDA MB-231和MCF-7中存在表达受体.     

新基因BP1抗体制备及其在乳腺癌表达的初步观察

为了探讨新同源盒基因BP 1在乳腺癌的表达,运用生物信息学方法设计19肽,合成并偶联到大分子载体KLH上制成人工免疫原,制备兔抗BP 1多克隆抗体IgG.蛋白印迹方法检测BP 1在乳腺癌细胞系M CF 7、M DA-M B-231细胞均有表达:免疫组织化学结果显示,BP 1蛋白在乳腺癌的表达率显著高于癌旁组织,在雌激素受体阴性肿瘤的表达率高于雌激素受体阳性组。BP 1基因的异常表达参与了乳腺癌的发生,是一种新的乳腺癌分子标志物.     

UNC93B1 delivers nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors to endolysosomes

Signalling by means of toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. UNC93B1, essential for signalling of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 in both humans and mice, physically interacts with these TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we show that the function of the polytopic membrane protein UNC93B1 is to deliver the nucleotide-sensing receptors TLR7 and TLR9 from the ER to endolysosomes. In dendritic cells of 3d mice, which express an UNC93B1 missense mutant (H412R) incapable of TLR binding, neither TLR7 nor TLR9 exits the ER. Furthermore, the trafficking and signalling defects of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs in 3d dendritic cells are corrected by expression of wild-type UNC93B1. However, UNC93B1 is dispensable for ligand recognition and signal initiation by TLRs. To our knowledge, UNC93B1 is the first protein to be identified as a molecule specifically involved in trafficking of nucleotide-sensing TLRs. By inhibiting the interaction between UNC93B1 and TLRs it should be possible to achieve specific regulation of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs without compromising signalling via the cell-surface-disposed TLRs.     

Hiwi基因在耐药MCF-7/ADM乳腺癌细胞株中的表达

目的探讨Hiwi基因在耐阿霉素人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞和非耐药MCF-7细胞的表达.方法应用实时定量PCR与Western blot技术进行Hiwi基因在耐阿霉素人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞和非耐药MCF-7细胞株表达水平检测.结果 Hiwi基因在耐阿霉素人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞中的表达明显高于正常乳腺细胞(P0.01)及非耐药MCF-7细胞(P0.05).结论 Hiwi基因在耐阿霉素人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADM细胞株的高表达为耐药乳腺癌细胞的靶向治疗指出新的研究方向,对乳腺癌治疗预后评估具有临床指导性.     

功能化介孔二氧化硅微球的药物输送行为分析

介孔二氧化硅(MSNs)作为一类新型的药物载体在药物缓控释领域的应用方兴未艾。采用模板诱导和自组装方法合成MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒,并通过聚乙二醇(PEG)的表面修饰,制备出一类具有高亲水性、高孔隙率、高比表面积的MSNs修饰微球。采用氮吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、粒径分析等手段表征并对比了聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰前后的MSNs基础理化性能。在此基础上,选用阿霉素作为模型药物,包埋于介孔材料中,对比了PEG修饰前后MSNs中阿霉素的装载量、包封率及释放行为。选用乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为模型癌细胞,选用人血清蛋白(HAS)作为模型蛋白,考察了两种材料对细胞的生物安全性及对蛋白的吸附情况,并将两种材料所对应的载药微球与MCF-7进行共培养,探究两种载药系统对癌细胞的灭杀情况。     

A membrane protein complex mediates retro-translocation from the ER lumen into the cytosol

Elimination of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retro-translocation is an important physiological adaptation to ER stress. This process requires recognition of a substrate in the ER lumen and its subsequent movement through the membrane by the cytosolic p97 ATPase. Here we identify a p97-interacting membrane protein complex in the mammalian ER that links these two events. The central component of the complex, Derlin-1, is a homologue of Der1, a yeast protein whose inactivation prevents the elimination of misfolded luminal ER proteins. Derlin-1 associates with different substrates as they move through the membrane, and inactivation of Derlin-1 in C. elegans causes ER stress. Derlin-1 interacts with US11, a virally encoded ER protein that specifically targets MHC class I heavy chains for export from the ER, as well as with VIMP, a novel membrane protein that recruits the p97 ATPase and its cofactor.     

Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca overexpression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity.     

Visual characterization of targeted effect of holo-transferrin-tagged dihydroartemisinin on human breast cancer cells

Targeted drugs could significantly reduce cytotoxic effect and increase therapeutic activity. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells. However, it exhibits non-targeted property. Holo-transferrin (TF) is a suitable drug-carrier to target cancer cells, because cancer cells need iron uptake by the TF-mediated mechanism to maintain their uncon- trolled growth. Furthermore, TF receptors (TF-R) are highly expressed on cancer cell surfaces. In this paper, 3-(4,5-dimethylthi- azol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the different killing effect of 4-(12-Dihydroart- emisininoxy) Benzoic Acid Hydrozide-transferrin (DBAH-TF) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) cells and human normal breast (HNB) cells, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to visually observe the targeted effect of DBAH-TF on MCF-7 cells. MTT results show that DBAH-TF is 172 times more potent than DHA in killing MCF-7 cells, while the cytotoxic effect of DBAH-TF on HNB cells is merely 1/33 to DHA. Also, the killing effect of DBAH-TF on MCF-7 cells is 286 times that on HNB cells, showing targeted effect. Moreover, there are distinct differences in ultrastructures of cellular surfaces after DBAH-TF and DHA treatment. Through AFM imaging, many characteristic holes were observed on the cancer cell surface after being effected by DBAH-TF, which differ from the holes with irregular shapes affected by DHA. These results visually show that the DBAH-TF targeted drug has more potent killing effect on MCF-7 cells compared with DHA.     

Homology of 54K protein of signal-recognition particle, docking protein and two E. coli proteins with putative GTP-binding domains

Most proteins exported from mammalian cells contain a signal sequence which mediates targeting to and insertion into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Involved in this process are the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and docking protein (DP), the receptor for SRP in the ER membrane. SRP interacts with the signal sequence on nascent polypeptide chains and retards their further elongation, which resumes only after interaction of the arrested ribosomal complex with the docking protein. SRP is a ribonucleoprotein particle comprising a 7S RNA and six polypeptides with relative molecular masses (Mr) of 9,000 (9K) 14K, 19K, 54K, 68K and 72K (ref. 1). The 9K and 14K proteins are essential for elongation arrest and the 68K-72K heterodimer is required for docking to the ER membrane. The 54K protein binds to the signal sequence when it emerges from the ribosome. Docking protein consists of two polypeptides, a 72K alpha-subunit (DP alpha) and a 30K beta-subunit (DP beta). No components structurally homologous to SRP and docking protein have yet been found in yeast or Escherichia coli. To understand the molecular nature of the interaction between the signal sequence and its receptor(s) we have characterized a complementary DNA coding for the 54K protein of SRP. Significant sequence homology was found to part of DP alpha and two E. coli proteins of unknown function. The homologous region includes a putative GTP-binding domain.     

Messenger RNA targeting of rice seed storage proteins to specific ER subdomains

Rice seeds, a rich reserve of starch and protein, are a major food source in many countries. Unlike the seeds of other plants, which typically accumulate one major type of storage protein, rice seeds use two major classes, prolamines and globulin-like glutelins. Both storage proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and translocated to the ER lumen, but are then sorted into separate intracellular compartments. Prolamines are retained in the ER lumen as protein bodies whereas glutelins are transported and stored in protein storage vacuoles. Mechanisms responsible for the retention of prolamines within the ER lumen and their assembly into intracisternal inclusion granules are unknown, but the involvement of RNA localization has been suggested. Here we show that the storage protein RNAs are localized to distinct ER membranes and that prolamine RNAs are targeted to the prolamine protein bodies by a mechanism based on RNA signal(s), a process that also requires a translation initiation codon. Our results indicate that the ER may be composed of subdomains that specialize in the synthesis of proteins directed to different compartments of the plant endomembrane system.