古代契丹与现代达斡尔遗传关系分析

对23个契丹人骨样本线粒体第一高可变区(364 bp)进行了扩增和测序, 得到22个不同序列. 构建了契丹、 达斡尔及对比人群的系统发育树, 结果明, 契丹与外蒙的遗传关系最近, 与达斡尔的遗传关系也较近; 契丹与达斡尔的序列在突变位点和突变率上存在较大差异. 表明虽然契丹与达斡尔之间存在较近的亲缘关系, 但达斡尔不一定是契丹的直接后裔.     

饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA的研究

对内蒙古饮牛沟战国时期墓地的古代人群（Yng古代人群）进行分子生物学研究, 获得了线粒体高可变一区DNA序列, 初步确定了单倍型归属并搜寻其共享序列, 与现代人群对比构建系统发育树和多维尺度分析. 结果表明, 饮牛沟古代人群与现代东亚人群在母系遗传关系上较近.     

陶家寨墓地M5号墓主线粒体DNA片段分析

以青海省西宁市陶家寨墓地M5号墓中的14个个体的牙齿样本为研究对象进行线粒体DNA研究.考古学研究表明该墓葬年代为东汉-魏晋时期(距今2000 a左右),并可能为家族墓地.通过对该墓地的14个个体的高可变一区(HVRⅠ),高可变二区(HVRⅡ)测序及扩增片段长度多态性(APLP)分型,共检出8个单倍型,分属于A,B,D,Flc,Z和M,6个单倍型类群.与周边地区的古代人群相比较,实验样本与同一地区距今约4000 a前的喇家古人群在遗传结构上具有一定的连续性.而与现代人群比较发现,实验样本与羌族人群有较近的亲缘关系.     

汉族起源与发展的遗传学探索

通过对24个现代汉族人群、8个古代人群的线粒体DNA数据进行生物统计学分析,得出3000年前中原地区古代人群的遗传结构与现代汉族人群非常接近,而不同时期周边古代人群虽然对现代汉族有一定的遗传贡献,但总体上他们与现代汉族遗传关系较远,这暗示远古时期,遗传结构不同的氏族部落相互融合,逐渐在中原地区形成华夏族,后者又不断扩张并与周边民族融合,最终形成现代汉族.由于华夏族及其后裔的人口数量远远多于其他人群,以后的民族融合中,汉族群体一直占据主导地位,这使得其遗传结构基本保持稳定.     

东北三省汉族人群的遗传特征及族源推断研究

为研究东北三省汉族人群17个常染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性,在获得书面知情同意的基础上,研究抽取了东北三省汉族人群中无直接亲缘关系的326份血样卡,其中,辽宁省63份,吉林省107份,黑龙江省156份。使用PowerPlex@21 System荧光扩增试剂盒对17个STR基因座进行基因分型,再利用Modified-Powerstates软件计算其法医学参数。经分析得出,在17个基因座中,13个基因座的个体识别能力及遗传多态性较高,其中D18S51、FGA和PENTA_E 3个基因座尤为突出;剩余4个基因座中,D3S1358和CSF1PO中等,TH01和TPOX较低。同时对东北三省汉族人群和其他14个人群进行族源推断,通过对等位基因频率进行主成分分析、遗传距离计算、多维尺度分析,研究发现14个人群中的所有汉族、云南白族、云南彝族、云南纳西族和韩国均与东北三省汉族的人群之间具有较近的遗传距离,而剩余人群则与目标人群距离较远。     

新疆锡伯族人群线粒体DNA的遗传学分析

分析48个锡伯人线粒体DNA高可变Ⅰ区的遗传多态性, 并与已发表的相关人群线粒体DNA数据进行比较. 结果表明, 在48个序列中共检测出43个突变位点, 界定了35种单倍型, 其线粒体DNA1序列多态性为0.982, 核苷酸多态性为0.018, 而其平均核苷酸差异为5.922. 人群比较分析表明, 锡伯人与古代拓跋鲜卑人有最近的亲缘关系, 同时也表现出与中国北方游牧民族有较近的亲缘关系, 推断锡伯人可能是拓跋鲜卑的后裔.     

内蒙古和林格尔县将军沟墓地古人骨分子生物学研究

对内蒙古将军沟战国时期墓地古代人群（jjg古代人群）DNA进行研究，使用4对套叠引物对线粒体基因组的高可变一区（364bp）进行了扩增和测序，从11例古代样本中得到了9个DNA序列．与现代人群对比构建系统发育树和多维尺度分析．结果表明将军沟古代人群与现代东亚人群在母系遗传关系上较近，推测将军沟古代人群可能是赵国为巩固边疆统治，防御匈奴而从中原迁来的移民．     

内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析

对10个古代个体的线粒体DNA高可变Ⅰ区进行了扩增和测序. 基于和林格尔古代人群与现今相关欧亚人群的mtDNA序列， 进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 研究结果表明, 和林格尔古代人群在母系遗传上与现在北亚人群的亲缘关系最近. 结合考古学、 人类学以及分子生物学的研究， 推断这个古代人群是从蒙古高原以及外贝加尔地区南下迁移至今天的内蒙古和林格尔地区的游牧人.     

新疆扎滚鲁克古代人群的线粒体DNA分析

从15例扎滚鲁克古代人牙齿样本中提取扩增线粒体DNA, 确定其单倍型归属, 并结合相关现代人群进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 结果表明,扎滚鲁克古代人群与现代中亚人群有较近的母系遗传关系, 是欧亚混合人群. 与以前的新疆古代人群研究相比, 该人群东部欧亚序列的成分明显增多, 这可能与人群所处的地理及历史时代相关.     

内蒙古18个人群13项遗传指标的聚类分析与主成分分析

对内蒙古18个人群的13项遗传指标(拇指类型、环食指长、指甲类型、足趾长、蒙古褶、上眼睑皱褶、铲形门齿、鼻梁侧面观、鼻孔形状、下颏类型、耳垂、前额发际、头发)出现率值进行了聚类分析与主成分分析.聚类分析结果显示,18个人群可分为4个组:东部区少数民族组、西部区组、中部区蒙古族组、兴安盟汉族与阿拉善蒙古族组.主成分分析显示,尽管民族间通婚已日趋普遍,在一些形态特征方面,同一民族仍表现出较强的一致性.蒙古族诸人群窄鼻孔率与有耳垂率相对较高.西部区汉族人过伸拇指率、扁形指甲率、窄鼻孔率、有耳垂率均较低.研究还表明,科尔沁蒙古族人、厄鲁特蒙古族人、达斡尔族人关系密切,锡林郭勒蒙古族人、察哈尔蒙古族人关系密切.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with