弛豫过程对贝氏体组织细化的定量研究

利用热模拟、金相显微术、结合定量统计和TEM技术，研究了微合金钢奥氏体区变形后弛豫不同时间的组织演化及析出情况。实验结果表明：经弛豫工艺处理后，贝氏体、马氏体复合组织得到了有效细化，在850℃变形后等温弛豫60～200s时，细化效果最佳。与此同时，应变诱导析出相亦能有效地钉扎位错，析出相的尺寸小于10nm。     

RPC对800 MPa级低合金高强度钢的影响

利用一种特殊的机械热处理工艺技术,即在控轧终轧后经过一段控制时间与温度的弛豫,使得基体中出现应变诱导析出以及变形奥氏体中缺陷组态重组,在随后的直接淬火或加速冷却过程中, 获得细化的板条贝氏体/马氏体组织.利用该弛豫-析出-控制相变(RPC)技术能得到屈服强度大于800MPa级12mm厚超细贝氏体/马氏体复合组织微合金钢板.     

机械热处理工艺的发展及弛豫-析出-控制相变技术

简述了机械热处理(Thermomechnical control Process,TMCP)工艺的基本概念及其应用;回顾了它的发展历史及主要的工艺流程;论述了机械热处理工艺的物理冶金现象,最后分析了TMCP工艺的最新发展-弛豫-析出-控制相变技术(RPC)的基础研究.     

机械热处理工艺的发展及弛豫-析出-控制相变技术

简述了机械热处理(Thermomechnical control Process,TMCP)工艺的基本概念及其应用;回顾了它的发展历史及主要的工艺流程;论述了机械热处理工艺的物理冶金现象,最后分析了TMCP工艺的最新发展—弛豫—析出—控制相变技术(RPC)的基础研究。     

低碳钢中微细非平衡组织的热稳定性

研究了同一成分的钢经过弛豫-析出控制相变RPC和再加热淬火RQ两种工艺处理后在500到700℃回火过程中组织与性能的演变．经过RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高硬度降低不明显,在600到650℃温度回火时硬度还有所回升;经过RQ处理后的钢板回火前硬度虽然较低,但软化速度非常快．回火前两种钢板组织均为贝氏体和马氏体的复合组织,经RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的提高组织没有明显变化,只是一些板条出现合并现象,而经过RQ处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高板条很快消失最终演变成多边形铁素体,硬度也随之大幅度下降．以上结果表明微细非平衡组织的热稳定性与其热历史密切相关．     

弛豫-析出-控制相变技术中冷却速度对组织的影响

利用热模拟实验,对在非再结晶温度变形后弛豫一段时间,再以不同冷速冷却的低碳贝氏体钢的相变组织进行了研究,并与同等条件不弛豫的试样组织进行了对比.给出了弛豫和冷速对中温转变组织类型及组织细化程度的影响.实验结果表明,弛豫及冷却速度对变形奥氏体的相变组织是有影响的.低冷速下主要得到边界及取向不清晰的粒状贝氏体,这时弛豫时间对细化程度影响不明显,在10℃/s以上冷速下得到的是以板条贝氏体为主的组织,与未弛豫试样比较,其组织更细,板条形状更清晰,弛豫试样组织中残余奥氏体或M/A岛的形状更细长,弛豫有利于在同等冷却条件下得到板条组织,并且在高冷速下,弛豫试样中M/A量较未弛豫试样中的要少.     

新热处理工艺对低碳Nb-Ti微合金钢组织性能的影响

采用不同的新淬火工艺路径,研究再加热温度和弛豫过程对低碳Nb-Ti微合金钢组织性能的影响.结果表明,试样经再加热后直接淬火时,随着再加热温度的升高,析出物数量迅速下降,尺寸增加且分布更加不均匀,且马氏体板条束增大,板条宽度减小;当再加热温度为850℃时,试样经弛豫至700℃后再淬火时,其析出物数目与直接淬火相比减少,平均尺寸增加且分布更加不均匀.当再加热温度为900℃经弛豫至700℃后再淬火时,Nb-Ti碳氮化物大量在原有析出物表面进一步析出;钢材最佳再加热温度为900℃,且空冷20s时抗拉强度达到最大值,抗拉强度可提高24MPa.     

Q345钢在直轧过程中二相粒子析出对奥氏体晶粒的影响

通过热模拟轧制技术,研究了不同工艺条件下二相粒子析出物对奥氏体再结晶的影响,并对Q345钢直接轧制工艺中C,N化物的析出对组织性能的影响进行了深入探讨.结果表明,利用二相粒子析出可以细化奥氏体晶粒组织,从而改善钢的内部组织和材料的力学性能.     

热变形对超高强度管线钢组织及变形抗力的影响

运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对不同热变形条件下组织、析出相进行观察与分析.研究结果表明:在1020℃奥氏体再结晶区轧制时,Nb,Ti以复相形式诱导析出,对组织细化产生一定影响.在保证积累压下量不变的情况下,奥氏体未再结晶区采用大压下量、少道次的轧制工艺对热变形奥氏体晶粒尺寸影响不大,对晶内变形带、亚结构和最终组织形貌及尺寸起到一定的作用.同时分析了再结晶轧制温度及未再结晶区轧制规程对变形抗力的影响     

钒微合金化中锰钢组织与性能研究

对一种钒微合金化低碳中锰钢进行了轧制及热处理实验,对其组织与性能进行了研究,通过选取合理的热处理工艺,获得了良好的强韧性指标.结果表明:热轧态中锰钢的屈服强度在700MPa以上,-40℃的冲击功为67J,当淬火温度和回火温度分别为900℃和600℃时,实验钢的屈服强度在650 MPa以上,-40℃的冲击功为275J,具有良好的强韧性指标.热处理态实验钢的组织为回火马氏体,组织细化有利于提高实验钢的低温冲击功,当淬火温度为900℃时,在回火过程中可析出大量20nm以下的二元相VC,其析出强化量在150 MPa以上.     

Effects of normal stress,surface roughness,and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.     

Structural refinement of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel during single-stage intercritical tempering

The 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel was first tempered at 570–730℃ for 2 h to observe the microstructure and hardness changes. The tempering temperature was set to 600, 650, and 700℃, which is below, equal to, and above the austenite transformation start temperature, respectively, for each holding period to investigate the effects of tempering time on the structure and properties of the steel. The microstructure of the specimens was examined by optical microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy, and the phase composition was detected by X-ray diffraction. As expected, lath refinement was observed in the steel tempered at 700℃, and the refinement degree significantly depended on the tempering time. Contrary to normal steel softening by tempering, the hardness performance of the steel was significantly enhanced primarily because of the refinement of martensite laths after single-stage intercritical tempering. It is believed that the reverse transformation of martensite (α′) to austenite (γ) is responsible for the refinement.     

Microstructure refinement and work hardening in a machined surface layer induced by turning Inconel 718 super alloy

The microstructural changes in the machined surface layer of Ni-based super alloys essentially determine the final performance of the structural components of aerospace engines in which these alloys are used. In this work, multiscale metallurgical observations using scanning electron microscopy, electron-backscatter diffraction microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to quantitatively characterize the microstructure of the machined subsurface. Next, to elucidate the factors that affect the formation of the refinement microstructure, the distributions of the deformation parameters (strain, strain rate, and temperature) in the machined subsurface were analyzed. A dislocation–twin interaction dynamic recrystallization mechanism for grain refinement during machining of Inconel 718 is proposed. Furthermore, microhardness evolution induced by grain refinement in the machined surface is evaluated. The results suggest that the gradient microstructure and the work hardening can be optimized by controlling the cutting parameters during turning of Inconel 718.     

波浪形振动倾斜板半连续铸造半固态AZ91D镁合金

将自制的波浪形倾斜板振动装置与半连续铸造机结合,制备了AZ91D镁合金铸锭.分析了不同工艺条件对合金组织的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着倾斜板长度增加,合金受到冷却剪切作用的时间增长,组织得到细化;振动作用可以提高形核率,细化合金组织;较低的铸造速度使合金在结晶器内的二次结晶率提高,使组织细化.当浇注温度为680℃,倾斜板长度为400 mm,铸造速度为100 mm/min时,制备了组织优良的AZ91D镁合金半固态铸锭,经二次加热后获得了优良的半固态组织.     

ZLD11铝合金晶粒细化分析

以ZLD11铝合金为研究对象,通过添加Sr来改变ZLD11铝合金的晶粒度,以达到细化晶粒的目的.介绍了ZLD11铝合金中元素的性质及作用,ZLD11铝合金的熔炼方法.以AlSr合金的形式加入熔体中,按照Sr的加入量占成品合金的0.04%,0.06%,0.08%以及0.10%来改变ZLD11铝合金的晶粒度,通过观察金相照片和测定晶粒度,来寻求合理的Sr的加入量,结果表明:采用X金属模铸造和用AlSr作为变质剂可以使ZLD11的晶粒细化,当Sr的加入量为0.08%时,细化晶粒效果最好.     

AZ91D镁合金组织细化及其对部分重熔半固态组织的影响

通过对熔体进行高强度剪切处理,研究了其对AZ91D镁合金的组织细化作用,获得了不同的铸锭组织,并研究了铸锭初始组织对二次加热后组织的影响.结果表明,熔体高强度剪切处理具有显著的晶粒细化作用,在650℃对熔体高强度剪切处理后,AZ91D镁合金铸锭平均晶粒尺寸由500μm降到170μm.降低熔体处理温度至605℃,组织得到进一步细化,平均晶粒尺寸约为60μm.原始组织大小对二次加热后组织的大小、液相分布具有重要的影响.熔体高强度剪切处理对AZ91D镁合金铸锭的晶粒细化作用在二次加热后能够基本保留下来.在相同的加热条件下,均匀细小的原始组织有利于获得更高的有效液相分数和更趋于球形的晶粒组织.     

原位合成VC和TiC颗粒对Fe3Al基合金显微组织的影响

以Fe3Al金属间化合物作为基体,采用反应铸造法制备了含VC,TiC颗粒Fe3Al基合金并研究了颗粒相在Fe3Al合金中的形成机理及颗粒相的加入对Fe3Al基合金显微组织结构的影响。结果表明,TiCp在高温液态熔体中原位合成,且在基体中均匀分布,可以作为异质形核核心而细化Fe3Al基合金铸定组织,从而改善Fe3Al合金的热加工性能;VCp是在固相中形核并长大的,对铸态组织的细化作用下明显,但其对热加工后再结晶组织的细化作用甚于TiCp。     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium (Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium (Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg₁₂Zn (Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.     

Sr对ZK60镁合金晶粒细化的影响

用金相显微分析、扫描电镜分析及能谱分析等方法研究了Sr对ZK60镁合金晶粒细化的影响. 结果表明:添加少量的Sr对ZK60镁合金有很好的组织细化效果,但其细化效率受Sr加入量和熔体保温时间的影响较大. 在给定熔体保温时间的条件下,随着Sr质量分数从0.01%增加到0.1%,晶粒细化效率逐渐提高. 在给定Sr加入量的条件下,当熔体保温时间为20～80min时,晶粒细化效率随熔体保温时间的延长而提高;当熔体保温时间超过80min后,晶粒细化效率随熔体保温时间的延长而降低.