含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

奥氏体变形对耐候钢相变行为及显微组织的影响

在MMS-100热力模拟实验机上采用热膨胀法结合硬度测试,对耐候钢进行了未变形和变形后的连续冷却的实验研究,建立了未变形和变形奥氏体的CCT曲线.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析研究了冷却速度、变形条件对显微组织的影响.实验结果表明,从未变形到变形的过程,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,相变区左移,获得铁素体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大.变形奥氏体的位错缠结抑制贝氏体长大,从而细化转变后的显微组织.     

RPC对800 MPa级低合金高强度钢的影响

利用一种特殊的机械热处理工艺技术,即在控轧终轧后经过一段控制时间与温度的弛豫,使得基体中出现应变诱导析出以及变形奥氏体中缺陷组态重组,在随后的直接淬火或加速冷却过程中, 获得细化的板条贝氏体/马氏体组织.利用该弛豫-析出-控制相变(RPC)技术能得到屈服强度大于800MPa级12mm厚超细贝氏体/马氏体复合组织微合金钢板.     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点A c1与A c3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点Ac1与Ac3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

奥氏体变形及冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织中大角晶界分布的影响

使用电子背散射衍射技术研究了低C高Mn高Nb成分设计下,非再结晶奥氏体变形及加速冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织取向差特征和大角晶界分布的影响.结果表明,与原奥氏体晶粒内部的相变组织相比,原奥氏体晶界附近具有更高的大角晶界密度,非再结晶区奥氏体变形及快速冷却都有利于提高共格相变的驱动力、弱化变体选择以及有效增加大角晶界密度.此外,非再结晶区的大变形除了可充分压扁奥氏体晶粒和增加单位面积的奥氏体晶界密度外,还导致奥氏体晶界上细小的非共格转变铁素体晶粒生成,且这些铁素体晶粒与相邻组织表现出大取向差.     

货油舱用耐蚀钢连续冷却的转变规律

在MMS-300热模拟试验机上测得货油舱用耐蚀钢在不同冷速下的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,研究了该耐蚀钢变形和未变形过冷奥氏体冷却过程中的组织演变,建立了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明,动态CCT曲线较静态CCT曲线明显向左上方移动,提高了奥氏体转变的开始温度;随着冷却速度的增大,显微组织由多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体逐渐过渡到针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体,最后为板条贝氏体和马氏体.     

高钢级X100管线钢中的M-A岛

通过显微组织分析方法,研究了冷却开始温度及冷却速度对高钢级X100管线钢热模拟试样中M-A岛的体积分数和尺寸的影响.结果表明降低冷却开始温度和提高冷却速度都可以细化组织,导致M-A岛的体积分数降低,使M-A岛由尺寸较大的块状、条状转变成尺寸较小且弥散分布的块状、条状.利用透射电镜观察了热轧后以不同冷却速度冷却所得试样组织中M-A岛的形貌.发现在低的冷却速度下,M-A岛由残余奥氏体、尺寸及取向均不同的马氏体板条组成.在马氏体板条中存在孪晶,证明了碳的扩散,也说明M-A岛中M是孪晶马氏体.在高的冷却速度下,转变为针状、薄膜状的M-A岛弱化了铁素体板条的界面,降低了管线钢的韧性.因此只有控制冷速在一定范围内,才能获得尺寸细小、弥散分布的M-A岛.     

低碳微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区的转变

通过对低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢进行连续冷却和等温实验,发现低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区等温,能发生针状铁素体转变.非再结晶区变形奥氏体连续冷却时虽然能得到各类低碳贝氏体组织,但各类组织特别是针状铁素体的份额却不能有效控制.通过分阶段冷却,可以控制得到针状铁素体和板条贝氏复相组织.利用针状组织分割原奥氏体晶粒能细化组织,达到优化高强度低碳微合金钢的力学性能目的.     

瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢的组织演变规律

为了探究瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢组织的演变规律,在热模拟机上对Q195和CR340试样进行了瞬时淬火处理.结果表明,瞬时淬火工艺初期得到马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+未溶渗碳体的复杂混合组织;保温足够时间后,未溶渗碳体逐渐溶解使奥氏体平均碳浓度升高,奥氏体晶粒内碳浓度梯度减小,从而增加组织中马氏体相对量,最终得到全部板条马氏体组织.瞬时淬火工艺与传统淬火工艺相比可明显细化试验钢晶粒尺寸,提高升温速率对试验钢晶粒细化作用更明显.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to