柴油机曲轴系多体动力学仿真分析

基于虚拟样机技术,结合有限元法(FEM)和多体系统仿真(MSS)方法,对柴油机曲轴系进行多体动力学仿真分析。首先建立了包括曲轴柔性体以及活塞连杆组等刚性体在内的三维实体曲轴系多体动力学模型,通过进行曲轴系统在发动机真实工况下的柔性多体动力学仿真计算,得到柴油机主轴承载荷和活塞侧推力等数据。研究结果表明,柔性多体动力学仿真分析结果与实际情况基本相符,可以很好的描述曲轴系动力学特性,从而为内燃机整机振动、噪声分析提供可靠的边界条件。     

ATV技术在SF480型柴油机机体结构声辐射预测中的应用

结合有限元法(FEM)和边界元法(BEM),采用虚拟样机技术对内燃机噪声辐射的频域特性进行预测分析.其步骤为:用有限元软件ANSYS进行结构动态特性分析;建立机体、曲轴和连杆、活塞等组成整机多体动力学模型,求解传递给机体的各种激励力;采用声学分析软件SYSNOISE建立机体的边界元模型,分析其表面振动速度与声场间的声学传递向量(ATV).研究结果表明:在额定工况下,其机体裙部是主要噪声辐射部位;辐射声功率级较突出的峰值频率与整机固有频率基本对应,在中高频段其噪声辐射效率比低频段的高.     

基于辐射噪声响度的柴油机NVH性能优化

分析人耳对不同频率纯音的衰减特性,提出结合人耳的衰减特性和柴油机辐射噪声的频谱特性进行响度优化的方法。运用多体动力学法和边界元法对柴油机进行声学分析,采用Moore响度模型对柴油机的辐射噪声的响度进行仿真分析。分析认为柴油机1 300~2 000 Hz的辐射噪声对柴油机响度贡献最大,通过声强法噪声源识别试验得出柴油机辐射噪声在该频段的主要贡献部件是油底壳、齿轮室罩、缸盖罩以及机体。对柴油机的齿轮室罩、缸盖罩以及机体进行结构改进,改进后柴油机的声功率级由76.4 d B下降至75.5 d B,降低0.9 d B;柴油机辐射噪声响度由161.5 sone下降到144.7 sone,降低10.4%,柴油机的NVH性能明显改善。     

多体动力学仿真在柴油机平衡性预测中的应用

为了消除作用在柴油机机体上的不平衡一级往复惯性力,提出了一种基于多体动力学仿真技术的方法,通过振动分析来评价发动机的平衡性是否达到预计的设计目标.建立了柴油机的动力学模型,根据设计结果设定平衡轴的参数,对某单缸柴油机不安装和安装一级平衡轴100%平衡一阶往复惯性力的平衡轴进行仿真,结果表明:安装一级平衡轴后,各悬置3个方向的一阶振动速度明显降低,有助于改善整机的NVH(噪声、振动、舒适性)性能,仿真结果与实验结果基本符合.     

单缸涡流室柴油机净化消声器的设计与研究

非道路柴油机排放标准的不断提高,仅靠机内净化单缸柴油机很难达到排放标准的要求。为了降低单缸涡流室柴油机的排放和噪声,设计优化具有净化和消声作用的净化消声器,以R180涡流室柴油机消声器为研究对象,通过Fluent 14.0软件模拟计算和试验的方法优化催化剂载体内部流场,并对其空气动力学性能、消声性能和催化性能展开研究。试验结果表明:安装净化消声器的整机CO、HC、PM比排放(八工况循环)分别为0.38、0.20、0.48 g/(kW·h),相比于原机分别降低了82.8%、54.0%、14.4%。通过催化剂载体内部流场优化,CO、HC、PM比优化前分别降低了22.7%、26.0%、6.3%;柴油机整机声功率级较原机降低了0.5 d B(A)。均匀的内部流场提高了催化剂的转化效率,延长催化剂的使用寿命。劣化试验后柴油机排放满足非道路柴油机国Ⅲ标准要求,研究成果有助于单缸柴油机降低整机排放和噪声。     

内燃机部件声辐射效率研究(二)——影响因素及应用

为了考察各种影响因素与声辐射效率的关系以及声辐射效率研究在噪声源识别中的应用效果，对网格划分数量、边界固定条件、部件安装状态、激励方式以及材料等声辐射效率影响因素进行了油底壳实验，并对柴油机主要部件振动测量结果进行计算分析．结果表明，离散计算法能够对受到各种因素影响的复杂问题进行研究，计算得到的声功率级比通过声音测量得到的声功率级高0．59dB（A），说明声辐射效率的研究结果用于识别噪声源的实践中是准确可靠的．     

内燃机整机结构修改的声学评价

为准确预测内燃机结构声辐射,并为设计提供对比研究方案,采用有限元法和边界元法(FEM/BEM)联合求解数值仿真技术,建立了一种四缸柴油机结构声辐射模型,得到了整机模态、表面振动速度、辐射声功率、声辐射比和测点声压的结果.在此基础上,探讨了4种结构修改方案的声辐射情况.主要声学量的对比表明,油底壳侧板波浪型设计、主轴承座横向螺钉连接及平衡架对噪声的减低有显著作用.     

火箭强噪声模拟装置气声功率特性分析?

建立了火箭强噪声模拟装置气声功率特性计算模型。仿真分析了喷喉截面积比、激励信号频率、激励信号幅值、音环质量对火箭强噪声模拟装置气声功率比的影响。仿真结果表明,气动声源气室总压、喷喉截面积比、激励音频信号幅值增大,气动声源激励音频信号频率、音环质量减小,则气声功率比增大。气室总压高的工况比气室总压低的工况气声效率增大幅度要大一些。仿真结果为火箭发动机噪声模拟装置的改进设计提供了理论数据。     

基于零空间法的柔性多体系统动力学计算及仿真

为了实现柔性多体系统动力学的程式化建模及精确求解,利用自然坐标建立了柔性多体系统带拉格朗日乘子的动力学模型.将约束雅可比矩阵的正交补应用于该模型的处理过程中,通过零空间的正交基将模型转化为纯微分形式,并在时间域内进行离散,给出了数值解法和详细的仿真计算步骤,完成柔性重力摆的动力学建模与计算.仿真结果与运用传统方法所得的结果一致,验证了此建模及计算方法的正确性.针对在空间可展机构中广泛应用的柔性剪式机构,通过在Mathematica环境下编程,建立了动力学模型,并基于零空间法进行数值计算和仿真,得到柔性剪式机构在驱动力作用下的动力学响应曲线及横向振动引起的末端位置误差.     

柴油机曲柄连杆机构运动学与动力学仿真

应用MATLAB软件,以Anqing Daihatsu 6PSTdM-26H型船用四冲程柴油机为研究对象,配制了柴油机简易的示功图,对柴油机曲柄连杆机构运动学和动力学进行仿真.仿真得到的机构运动学和动力学特性与理论计算结果吻合较好.通过仿真计算,得到活塞运动和受力曲线、曲轴切向力曲线以及柴油机的输出特性,为曲柄连杆机构的优化设计和有限元分析提供了依据     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…