基于概率时间自动机的模型检测反例表示研究

近年来,概率系统在实际中应用越来越广泛,其中模型检测基于概率系统的反例生成问题,已引起人们的广泛关注,现有的工作主要围绕模型检测Markov链反例生成展开.概率时间自动机(PTA)是Markov链的不确定性和系统时钟的扩展,针对模型检测PTA的反例表示问题,首先将PTA的语义表示为Markov决策过程(MDP),通过策略解决MDP不确定性,将MDP转换为离散时间Markov链(DTMC);然后将DTMC转换为带权有向图,则PTA中最小反例问题转化为带权有向图中最短路径问题;最后采用正则表达式表示求得的反例.     

数学分析教学中的几个重要反例

反例在数学分析的教学中有其重要意义,构造反例是一种创造性的学习,运用反例可以加深学生对数学命题的正确理解.本文结合数学分析的具体教学实践,归纳了几个重要的反例,并探讨了这些反例在数学分析教学中的具体应用.     

K次导群具有某些性质的有限群的一个注记

利用内外-∑群和极小非-∑群的性质构造极小反例对有限群进行研究是研究有限群的重要方法.而群的特征标较好地反映了群的数量性质,在群论、物理学、化学以及小波理论研究中也非常重要.综合应用极小反例和群特征标对有限群进行研究是一种新的研究思路.在1N-群性质推广、极小非1A-的完全分类以及亚循环群非线性特征标性质研究的基础上,用极小反例的方法对kNP-群的性质作了进一步的研究;着眼于其特征标,构造出一类M-群.     

反例在高等数学中的应用

在数学发展过程中,对于数学问题的探索,反例的作用往往是证明所无法替代的.因此,许多数学家从事于数学反例的研究.正确认识反例在高等数学中的作用,有利于人类更好地探索数学问题,认清数学问题的本质.本文详细阐述了反例在微积分、概率统计、线性代数以及解析几何这几个方面的应用,揭示了反例在高等数学中的重要性.     

基于克雷格插值的反例理解方法

针对错误原因提取效率低的问题, 提出一种利用克雷格插值对模型检测器产生的反例进行自动理解的方法. 该方法首先从反例失效状态出发推导出其最弱前置条件, 然后对初始状态与反例最弱前置条件进行不一致分析, 能在线性时间内提取克雷格插值作为反例失效原因, 产生的插值能直接用于定位错误事件. 实验结果表明, 基于克雷格插值的反例理解方法能显著提高反例理解速度, 提高软件的调试效率, 从而提升软件的可靠性和质量.     

V·L·KLee问题和不动点猜想-定理反例

对V·L·KLee问题给出否定回答,对Brouwer定理,提出一个不动点的猜想-定理反例.     

“反例”小角色大作用——反例教学的重要性

反例是数学学习中的重要内容,通过反例的辨析可以深刻理解相关的数学概念,分析问题解决中的问题,更好地掌握数学定理、公式,并灵活应用于新情境.本文通过理论分析和案例研究,探讨了反例在高考和竞赛中的应用、反例在课标中的地位及心理学的意义和反例在实际教学中的应用.     

不存在恰有15个Sylow 7-子群的有限群

运用极小反例来确定群的阶和它的Sylow 7-子群的阶,利用初等方法证明了不存在恰有15个Sylow 7-子群的有限群.     

平面图是无圈6-可选的一个充分条件

主要通过对极小反例图进行结构分析，并利用权转移方法得到结论：不含3-圈和相交4-圈的平面图是无圈6-可选的.     

不包含{4,5,7}-圈平面图是3-可染的

文章根据不包含{4,5,7}-圈平面图是3-可染极小反例的几个性质.接着根据每个不包含{4,5,6,7}-圈的平面图是3-可染的定理,利用discharging规则证明每个不包含{4,5,7}-圈平面图是3-可染的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.