天然气再燃低NOx技术的冷模试验分析

在一个几何比例为1：12．5的220t／h切向燃烧深粉锅炉冷模试验台上,通过喷入不同温度的气流并测量炉内温度场,模拟了不同喷射方式和喷射流量时的再燃气体、燃烬气流与主气流之间的混合特性。试验结果表明,前后墙方向喷出的再燃气流与主气流之间形成了快速互均匀的混合,但主燃烧区空气动力场变化较大;切向喷出的再燃气流更适合于切圆燃烧深粉锅炉;四角切向喷入燃烬风对燃烬有利。本文还对再燃气流的喷射量、喷射位置对混合效果的影响,进行了讨论。     

气体再燃区冷态流场特性的数值模拟

以某气体再燃技术改造后的220t/h锅炉为物理模型,采用标准k-ε双方程湍流数学模型对炉内冷态流场进行模拟计算,并用冷态试验结果对数学模型进行验证.结果表明:实测值与模拟计算值误差为5%~10%,该模型能较好地模拟实际流场工况;增加再燃喷口后,旋流区沿炉高方向拉长,提高了炉内火焰充满度;再燃喷口八点布置方式比四角布置方式的假想切圆直径大66%,且在喷口背火侧形成回流区,明显提高了再燃气流对上升气流的覆盖度;再燃量为5%时,再燃气流无法与炉内上升气流混合,最佳再燃量为15%;再燃区高度距离为3 600mm较为合理,增大再燃区距离对流场分布影响不大.     

球团竖炉内气体流动的数值模拟

根据气固填料床动力学,建立了“导风墙-烘干床式”球团竖炉内气体流动的数学模型·运用自编程序数值求解炉内速度场,研究炉内气体流动的基本规律,探讨竖炉操作参数对炉内气体流动的影响规律·结果表明:焙烧风和冷却风在进口处呈放射状,之后斜向上或斜向下分别流入焙烧-预热带和导风墙内;整个均热带内气流较为薄弱;炉内存在三种气流分流的可能,流入风量比是决定气流分流的最主要因素,其中,流入风量比增加,焙烧风下行趋势增大,而冷却风上行趋势减小;临界流入风量比主要取决于结构参数和料层情况     

W型火焰锅炉冷态模化的实验研究

为了给Ｗ型火焰锅炉的运行、设计提供科学依据,对从法国Ｓｔｅｉｎ公司引进的３６０ＭＷ的Ｗ型火焰锅炉（配备直流缝隙式燃烧器）进行了冷态模型的空气动力特性研究。利用热线风速仪测量了炉内的流场速度,得出了不同工况下炉内Ｗ型气流的流场图以及最佳工况下的风量配置范围,对不同工况下流场的气流速度分布规律、气流的充满度、气流行程、炉膛出口处的气流速度偏差等进行了分析,研究了炉内空气动力场的特性和变化规律。研究结果     

炉膛喉口面积对W型火焰锅炉炉内空气动力场的影响

对珞璜电厂引进法国Ｓｔｅｉｎ公司３６０ＭＷ的Ｗ型火焰锅炉进行了冷态模化研究。采用热线风速仪对炉内流场进行测试,在此基础上研究了炉膛喉口面积对炉内空气动力场的影响规律,得出了在不同相对喉口面积下的炉内气流流场图,并对炉内的气流速度分布,气流充满度和平均有效动量流率等进行了比较与分析。研究表明,适当缩小炉膛喉面积,王方面有利于喷入炉内煤粉的着火和燃尽,另一方面有利于减小高温烟气对喉口和前,后拱及冷灰斗     

配风方式对四角切圆煤粉锅炉燃烧特性影响数值分析

借助CFD软件平台,利用Fluent对四角切圆煤粉锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行了三维稳态数值模拟,重点研究了二次风配风方式对炉内流动和燃烧过程的影响,探讨了不同配风方式下炉内流场、温度场、组分场的变化规律.结果表明:在均等配风、正宝塔配风、倒宝塔配风三种配风方式中,正宝塔配风为最佳配风方式.它不仅能保证炉内具有较好气流充满度和下二次风风速,利于煤粉与空气的混合与燃烧,减少炉渣中的可燃物含量,而且能够保证高温火焰位于燃烧区的中心位置,延长煤粉到炉膛出口的距离.研究结果对锅炉运行、设计和改造具有理论指导意义.     

组合式贴壁风对660MW锅炉燃烧过程的影响

为防止电厂660 MW对冲燃烧锅炉出现水冷壁高温腐蚀现象,提出了锅炉前后墙和侧墙同时布置贴壁风的新型组合式方案.采用数值计算方法,对锅炉在原始工况和贴壁风工况下的炉内燃烧、传热及流动过程进行了数值模拟,重点考察了贴壁风对炉内速度场、温度场及烟气组分浓度场的影响.结果表明:模拟预测的强还原性区域与锅炉实际发生高温腐蚀区域相吻合;组合式贴壁风提高了侧墙的O2覆盖率,增加了覆盖区域的含氧量,而CO明显降低;贴壁风加入前后炉内燃烧温度和各组分浓度变化不大,对炉内燃烧几乎没有影响;从燃尽风引出的组合式贴壁风削弱了空气分级低氮燃烧作用,NOx排放略有增加.     

国产60万瓩燃煤锅炉炉膛空气动力模化试验

空气动力模化试验系于一九七四年十一月至一九七五年六月分四个阶段进行.本文根据试验结果对炉内空气动力场、屏区附近气流特性和尾部烟道气流分配等问题作了分析对比,提供技术设计参考.     

地铁车站内流动特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对地铁列车的进站、出站过程进行了瞬态模拟,得到了不同工况下地铁车站内的气流场分布,分析了列车的运行对车站内流场的影响,并讨论了活塞效应在车站自然通风中的作用.模拟结果表明,列车运行形成的活塞风对车站内的气流组织影响显著,同时也起到了通风换气的作用.站端设置活塞风井能够有效加强车站的自然通风,并降低站内的气流速度.     

Texaco气流床煤气化炉内气固两相流动的数值模拟

应用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法对国内某工厂实际运行的Texaco气流床煤气化炉内气固两相流动进行了模拟.采用Realizable k-ε模型计算炉内复杂气体湍流运动,应用颗粒轨道模型追踪煤粉颗粒在湍流气流中的运动轨迹.通过数值计算取得了炉内气相速度矢量、颗粒运动轨迹、颗粒碰撞壁面并沉积于壁面的沉积通量和颗粒在炉内的停留时间分布.揭示了该气化炉的气固两相流动特性,并分析了运行工况对壁面沉积通量分布的影响规律.结果表明:气化炉内的气体流场存在回流,回流延长了颗粒在气化炉内的停留时间,颗粒沉积通量最大的位置为筒体段下部和锥体段上部; 绝大部分颗粒在气化炉内的停留时间在5 s以内,气体流量降低时颗粒在炉内的停留时间减少.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.