天然气再燃低NOx技术的冷模试验分析

在一个几何比例为1：12．5的220t／h切向燃烧深粉锅炉冷模试验台上,通过喷入不同温度的气流并测量炉内温度场,模拟了不同喷射方式和喷射流量时的再燃气体、燃烬气流与主气流之间的混合特性。试验结果表明,前后墙方向喷出的再燃气流与主气流之间形成了快速互均匀的混合,但主燃烧区空气动力场变化较大;切向喷出的再燃气流更适合于切圆燃烧深粉锅炉;四角切向喷入燃烬风对燃烬有利。本文还对再燃气流的喷射量、喷射位置对混合效果的影响,进行了讨论。     

气体再燃燃烧器喷口流动特性冷态实验研究

以某350 MW锅炉为原型建立冷态模拟试验台,研究气体再燃技术中再燃气体和炉内旋转气流的混合程度及气体再燃条件下实验炉内的空气动力场,并采用标准k-ε湍流模型对其进行了数值模拟.结果表明,不同的再燃风速度对炉内的空气动力场有影响.再燃风速度过小时,再燃风偏离射流轴线较早,不能射入炉膛旋转气流的中心部位;而当再燃风速度过大时,导致再燃风射穿炉内旋转气流.以上两种情况均不能对炉内气流起到很好的覆盖效果,进而影响着再燃气体和炉内气体的混合程度.     

天然气再燃低NOx技术及其工业试验的系统设计

介绍了天然气再燃低NOx技术基本原理,并且针对四川江油电#炉进行的国内首次"天然气再燃低NOx技术"工业试验的现场条件,依据冷态试验及FLUENT软件的模拟结果,对工业试验方案进行了优化与完善.工业试验的初步结果表明:在燃用劣质煤的切圆煤粉炉上采用前后墙布置天然气喷口及前后墙布置OFA喷口的天然气再燃低NOx技术方案是可行的,NOx排放量至少可减少40%.     

在W型火焰锅炉冷模中组织γ型气流的试验研究

提出了一种在Ｗ型火焰锅炉中组织燃烧工况的新方法－组织γ型火焰燃烧的方法，并在冷态模型试验台上作了试验研究，得出了不同工况的炉内γ型气流流场图谱，并对不同工况流场的主气流速度衰减规律和炉内气流充满度等进行了分析，最后，总结了γ型气流流场的配风规律，并分析了炉内结渣的可能性。     

600 MW机组锅炉水平烟道气流特性试验

以某厂600MW四角切圆燃烧锅炉为原型建立试验台,在1∶20的模型上对炉膛上部、屏区烟道的气流流动进行了冷态试验研究,测量了锅炉水平烟道的速度偏差,得出不同工况下水平烟道流场的分布情况,分析了屏区气流偏差形成的原因,得出四角切圆锅炉出口气流的残余旋转是造成锅炉屏区气流偏差的主要原因,为降低炉内气流偏差提供了理论依据.     

燃气喷射对高温空气燃烧室内流动影响的数值研究

用所开发出的计算程序 ,在高温空气燃烧炉燃气烧嘴的多种喷射方式下 ,通过改变烧嘴的间距、烧嘴的同向或逆向喷射以及烧嘴的周向布置个数等条件 ,对炉内三维等温流场进行了相应的数值模拟·分析了炉内的流场结构及流动特性·模拟结果表明 :合适的烧嘴间距、燃气的逆向喷射以及多个烧嘴的对称布置等方式均能获得炉内合理的流场结构 ,并有效地利用回流区混合的低氧条件 ,从而实现高温空气低氧燃烧的技术关键·模拟结果与相似模型炉的实验研究资料相符合     

数值模拟分解炉气流紊动特性及对颗粒运动的影响

为了系统分析分解炉内窑尾烟气与三次风的掺混流态及影响煤粉、料粉颗粒运动的规律,利用紊流模型与粒子追踪模型的数值模拟方法,研究了分解炉气流紊流强度、涡量及螺旋度的沿程分布规律及颗粒的运动规律,研究表明:①窑尾烟气与三次风的耦合作用,导致掺混区的气流流态表现出强紊动特性;②紊动区内颗粒发生强烈地脉动现象;③窑尾烟气与三次风的掺混作用、边壁条件的变化均能激发颗粒的绕轴旋转特性;④煤粉与料粉颗粒在分解炉内进行"螺旋式"上升或下降运动。     

炉膛喉口面积对W型火焰锅炉炉内空气动力场的影响

对珞璜电厂引进法国Ｓｔｅｉｎ公司３６０ＭＷ的Ｗ型火焰锅炉进行了冷态模化研究。采用热线风速仪对炉内流场进行测试,在此基础上研究了炉膛喉口面积对炉内空气动力场的影响规律,得出了在不同相对喉口面积下的炉内气流流场图,并对炉内的气流速度分布,气流充满度和平均有效动量流率等进行了比较与分析。研究表明,适当缩小炉膛喉面积,王方面有利于喷入炉内煤粉的着火和燃尽,另一方面有利于减小高温烟气对喉口和前,后拱及冷灰斗     

夹心风Ⅱ型燃烧器的研究

本文系统地阐述了夹心风燃烧器的工作原理及其混合特性。为了充分发挥向火侧一次风射流的着火优势,提出了向火侧一次风喷口带单折过扩口的夹心风Ⅱ型燃烧器。模型试验及工业性试验表明:Ⅱ型燃烧器向火侧一次风射流明显迎向上游高温烟气流,外卷吸增强,射流混合边界层增厚,着火条件显著改善。根据冷态试验的结果,对热态原型进行推算,燃用江西劣质烟煤时,煤粉射流离喷口后的无因次距离l/B在1.2～1.8的范围内能实现稳定着火,炉内温度水平提高100℃以上,取得了满意的经济效果。     

W型火焰锅炉冷态模化的实验研究

为了给Ｗ型火焰锅炉的运行、设计提供科学依据,对从法国Ｓｔｅｉｎ公司引进的３６０ＭＷ的Ｗ型火焰锅炉（配备直流缝隙式燃烧器）进行了冷态模型的空气动力特性研究。利用热线风速仪测量了炉内的流场速度,得出了不同工况下炉内Ｗ型气流的流场图以及最佳工况下的风量配置范围,对不同工况下流场的气流速度分布规律、气流的充满度、气流行程、炉膛出口处的气流速度偏差等进行了分析,研究了炉内空气动力场的特性和变化规律。研究结果     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.