拟南芥翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位研究

探讨了拟南芥的翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位.以Col野生型拟南芥的cDNA为模板,通过高保真KOD扩增酶获得2 363bp的拟南芥转录延伸因子EF1A基因片段,将其与GFP融合后共同连入p1300表达载体,利用农杆菌侵染法将p35S∶GFP和p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转入野生型拟南芥中,观察转基因植物细胞中GFP的表达情况.结果显示:p35S∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中GFP荧光强度显著高于细胞质中荧光强度,但是在p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中荧光强度与细胞质中荧光强度无显著差异,说明在进行蛋白翻译时细胞质中的EF1A含量显著高于细胞核中,这也为翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位提供了实验依据.     

通过pR1aS导肽提高植物中绿色荧光蛋白的激发强度

绿色荧光蛋白在植物细胞胞质表达中对转化植物细胞的再生存在不利的影响,为增强绿色荧光蛋白在植物细胞中的表达,在mgfp的5'端连接了pR1aS信号肽序列,同时在3'末端引入滞留在内质网中的特异序列KDEL,成功构建了植物表达载体pBLG-pR1aS-gfp,经转基因烟草表达分析,结果表明:转化体植株显著增加了绿色荧光蛋白在烟草中的表达,同时消除了绿色荧光蛋白对植物潜在的光毒害。这为植物转基因转化频率的研究和转基因植物安全性评价提供了一种有利的工具。     

大肠杆菌过氧化氢酶katE基因的克隆及烟草的遗传转化

过氧化氢酶是生物体内主要的抗氧化酶之一,其主要功能是催化细胞内过氧化氢的分解,清除光呼吸、线粒体电子传递以及脂肪酸β-氧化等过程中产生的H2O2,从而使细胞免于遭受过氧化氢的毒害。本实验克隆了大肠杆菌过氧化氢酶katE基因及定位叶绿体的转运肽STP,并构建了植物融合表达载体pBI．STP．katE,重组质粒通过冻融法转入根癌农杆菌GV3101。采用叶盘浸染法转化烟草,获得了部分转基因植株,为进一步研究过氧化氢酶katE基因的功能打下基础。     

转基因表达的精细调控

将细胞特异性表达启动子与可诱导系统相结合 ,建立可用于植物转基因表达时、空、量三维调控的基因开关系统 ,为功能基因组研究及通过基因工程技术对植物代谢实施精确调控提供了全新的思路     

小麦atpC基因植物超量表达载体的构建

线粒体ATP合成酶是氧化磷酸化过程中ATP合成起关键作用的多亚基复合体,但近来发现它们在植物应对非生物胁迫反应中起着十分重要的作用。因此,对ATP合成酶的各亚基基因功能的研究有助于阐释其在植物逆境条件下的调节机制,并为研究植物抗逆和防卫反应提供新的途径。线粒体ATP合成酶是能量代谢的关键酶,参与氧化磷酸化反应。atpC基因所编码的线粒体ATP合成酶γ亚基是线粒体ATP合成酶的功能亚基。为了进一步研究它在胁迫反应中的功能,以小麦cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR方法扩增出atpC基因。将该基因的cDNA编码序列连接到pCAMBIA1301中,成功构建了小麦pCAMBIA-atpC植物超量表达载体,为后续的转基因研究奠定了基础。     

植物表达抗体的研究进展

利用转基因植物生产抗体是一个新兴的生物技术领域。这种技术将编码全抗体或抗体片段的基因导入植物，从而在植物中产生全抗体或抗体片段，获得的抗体能功能性地识别抗原并结合抗原。目前已有农杆菌介导转移法和基因枪法等多种转化技术用于将抗体基因导入植物细胞。利用植物表达抗体的一大优势是能大规模廉价生产免疫治疗用抗体。此外，植物抗体也可用于植物自身抗病，并能调节植物细胞代谢。本文主要就植物生产抗体的方法、抗体的表达及应用作一综述。     

PHB2(Prohibitin 2)在线粒体中的研究进展

PHB2是真核细胞的一种在进化过程中高度保守的蛋白质,参与细胞的多种生命活动。有研究表明PHB2参与细胞周期的调节、转录调节、细胞增殖和凋亡、线粒体嵴形态的发生、信号转导等多种细胞过程。它广泛表达,分布于酵母、植物、蠕虫、苍蝇、哺乳动物等物种中,并且PHB2蛋白质是以复合物的形式定位于线粒体上。PHB2主要作为线粒体内膜的自噬受体,参与靶向线粒体的自噬和降解。研究综合了国内外的文献,对PHB2的功能,结构及表达进行阐述,为进一步研究PHB2蛋白质的功能提供了基础。     

拟南芥HSP70基因启动子表达载体的构建及在烟草BY2细胞中的应用

探讨了拟南芥的HSP70基因在液体悬浮培养的烟草BY2细胞中的表达及应用.用PCR扩增的方法从拟南芥col生态型基因组中扩增获得HSP70基因启动子序列,将其连入p1300表达载体且以GFP为报告基因,将该表达载体采用农杆菌转基因转入液体悬浮培养的烟草BY2细胞中,观察转基因细胞中报告基因GFP的表达情况.结果显示:HSP70:GFP转基因液体悬浮培养的烟草BY2细胞中有GFP的表达.该表达载体可在液体悬浮培养的BY2细胞中正常表达,且可在较短时间内获得大量实验材料,对拟南芥的HSP70基因启动子的进一步研究提供理论依据和丰富的实验材料,且可明显缩短实验周期.     

活性氧与植物细胞程序性死亡

在植物细胞中,线粒体ETC的复合物I和III是ROS产生的主要部位。大量证据表明,ROS可作为一普遍存在的信号分子在胁迫诱导植物PCD过程中起作用,而线粒体处于PCD调控的中心位置。     

拟南芥中一个镍离子转运蛋白的亚细胞定位

离子的跨膜转运是细胞获取养分的重要环节，亦是植物在组织和器官水平上进行养分吸收运移的基础．在植物中镍（Ni）元素主要以Ni^2＋的形式存在，并通过Ni^2＋转运蛋白将其跨膜转运至相应的组织器官，参与氢酶和脲酶的合成．生物信息学分析表明，拟南芥中一个Ni^2＋转运蛋白AT2G16800含有叶绿体定位信息．克隆该基因5’端编码转运肽的272bp片段，与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因融合后，在拟南芥中高效表达，对其进行了亚细胞定位的研究．转基因植株通过共聚焦扫描显微镜的观察，发现GFP荧光信号只存在于叶绿体中，该结果表明A他G16800为叶绿体蛋白．     

Two virus-encoded RNA silencing suppressors, P14 of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and S6 of Rice black streak dwarf virus

Functional analysis for gene silencing suppressor of P14 gene of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and S6 gene of Rice black streak dwarf virus was carried out by agro- infiltration with recombinant vectors of Potato virus X. The phenotype observation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)expression and Northern blot showed that the gene silencing of gfp transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana induced by homologous sequence was strongly suppressed by the immixture infiltration of either the P14 or the $6. In the suppressed plants, the gfp mRNA accumulation was higher than that in the non-suppressed controls and the symptoms caused by PVX infection became more severe, especially the gfp DNA methylation of plant genome was significantly inhabited when co-infiltrated with RBSDV S6 gene. These results suggested that these two virus genes were potentially to encode for proteins as RNA silencing suppressors.     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物，构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD，其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥，获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.     

拟南芥ACOS5基因表达模式分析

探讨了拟南芥ACOS5基因的表达模式.采用PCR方法对拟南芥col生态型基因组进行扩增,获得ACOS5基因启动子序列,将其连入p1300植物表达载体中以GFP作为报告基因,并将该载体通过农杆菌转基因转入拟南芥col生态型中,观察转基因植物花药中GFP的表达情况.结果:ACOS5::GFP转基因植物从花药发育第四期到十二期均有GFP表达,GFP的表达峰值在第八期.结论:该表达载体可用,且ACOS5基因从花药发育第四期开始有微弱表达,且随着时期发展逐渐增强,至第八期达到表达最高峰值,随后随时期发展表达量逐渐减弱.     

Analysis of the Cotton E6 Promoter

An E6 gene from sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense） was expressed specifically in cotton fiber cells to transfer functions to cultivated species for better transgenic engineering. The regulatory activity of the E6 promoter region was then studied by isolating a 614-bp fragment of the 5＇-flanking region from upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum CR1-12） to produce a green fluorescent protein （GFP） reporter construct for analysis of tissue-specific expression in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Fluorescent analyses indicate that the relatively short E6 promoter is sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein expression specifically in the leaf trichomes （hair cells） of the transgenic tobacco plants. As cotton fibers are also unicellular trichomes that differentiate from epidermal cells of developing cotton ovules, the result suggests that the relatively short E6 promoter can serve as a fiber-specific expression promoter for genetic engineering to improve cotton fiber quality.     

Obtaining High Pest-resistant Tobacco Plants Carrying B.t. insecticidal Gene

To increase the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBinMoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and Ω factor was constructed. As a control, pBinoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene with the CaMV 35S promoter was also constructed. The vectors were transferred into tobacco plants respectively via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression level of the CryIA(c) gene in pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants was 2.44-times that in pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants, and it could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal effect than pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants. The above results showed that the chimeric OM promoter was a stronger promoter than CaMV 35S promoter that was widely used in plant genetic engineering, and this is very useful in pest-resistant plant genetic engineering.     

Function of resveratrol derived from transgenic plant expressing resveratrol synthase gene

Two genes from grapevine coding for resveratrol synthase, named RS1 and RS2, were cloned by RT-PCR. AnEscherichia coli expression vector was constructed by insertion of RS1 into pBV221. A specific protein with the same molecular weight (42 ku) as the resveratrol synthase was expressed and used to prepare the rabbit antiserum. A plant expression vector was constructed by inserting the RS1 gene into pBin438 downstream of the doubled CaMV 35S promoter and TMV-Ω fragment. PCR-positive transgenic tobacco plants were obtained after transformation withAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the foreign gene was integrated into the tobacco genome. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that the RS1 gene was transcribed and expressed. Formation of resveratrol in transgenic tobacco was further determined by thin-layer chromatography of silica gel and HPLC. Increased accumulation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells in G₀ and G₁ phases of cell cycle was observed in cells treated with resveratrol purified from transgenic tobacco as compared to the untreated cells.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因转化内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌的研究

通过重叠延申法将枯草芽孢杆菌的启动子PSJ2与绿色荧光蛋白基因（gfp）的ORF连接起来,构建绿色荧光蛋白表达盒,再通过Rco R I和Pxt I双酶切将表达盒连接到pUS186载体上,转化解淀粉芽孢杆菌TB2菌株,得到可发出绿色荧光工程菌,工程菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用与野生菌株相当。     

Co-transformation to tobacco of Cre/lox site-specific recombination system and its precise recombination

For the temporally and spatially regulated expression of the barnase gene in plant,two kinds of plasmids with cre gene and its directly repeat recognition sites lox from bacteriophage P1 were constructed and co-transformed into tobacco by agrobacterium mediated procedure.The transgenic plants were conformed by PCR analysis.The blocking fragment between the two lox directly repeat sites was excised by Cre protein in the transgenic plant genome.Cloning and sequencing the DNA fragment from the co-transformed plant DNA showed that the precise DNA excision occurred in transgenic tobacco genome directed by Cre/lox site-specific recombination.