蠕虫减量剩余活性污泥反应器的计算流体动力学数值模拟

构建以序批式反应器(SBR)为主体工艺,并联合蠕虫反应器的生活污水处理系统,在保证系统出水水质达标的前提下,蠕虫对SBR产生的剩余活性污泥摄食减量约23%(以质量计)。利用ANSYS Fluent 16.0软件提供的欧拉两相流模型和标准k-ε湍流模型,对蠕虫反应器内部速度场、含气率以及湍流强度等进行了计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟。模拟结果表明,蠕虫反应器内曝气量约为0.2 m~3/h、蠕虫投放在P2位置即蠕虫密度为1.63 g/dm~2时,蠕虫反应器内部流场适合蠕虫减量污泥,减质最高达23%,与试验结果基本吻合。通过响应曲面法(BBD)进行试验,所得污泥减量率与BBD预测值基本相符,进一步佐证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。因此,利用CFD数值模拟可以指导蠕虫反应器优化运行,从而为蠕虫减量污泥系统的放大设计及工程应用奠定基础。     

低碳源下SBR中反硝化除磷菌培养及驯化研究

采集某城市污水处理厂的A/O工艺回流活性污泥作为污泥样品,利用SBR反应器,以硝酸盐为电子受体,在低碳源下,培养和驯化反硝化除磷菌。第一阶段采用厌氧／好氧／沉淀／排水的运行方式10周期,第二阶段采用厌氧／好氧／缺氧／好氧／沉淀／排水运行方式40周期。反硝化脱氮除磷性能的测试结果表明,经培养驯化得到的反硝化除磷菌处理低碳源废水,PO_43－-P的去除率达96%,出水浓度稳定在0.4mg/L 以下;NH₄₊-N去除率达78%,出水浓度稳定在3mg/L 以下;COD的去除率达86%,出水浓度稳定在20mg/L以下;表明采用SBR反应器进行反硝化菌的培养驯化是可行的。     

透水鱼礁型潜堤内部流场及绕流特性模拟

为探究透水鱼礁型潜堤近区绕流结构的形态和水动力特性，通过水槽试验和数值模拟对均匀来流作用下单体鱼礁型潜堤近区绕流结构展开精细化研究。水槽试验采用粒子图像测速技术获得礁体内外的三维湍流特征，内部湍流在时均流场中呈现出横向对称的连续涡旋结构，揭示了鱼礁型潜堤表面的穿孔设计增强礁体内外水交换的流动机制。基于有限体积法建立了三维水槽数学模型，采用标准k-ε、重整化群k-ε、可实现k-ε和大涡模拟4种典型湍流模型模拟鱼礁型潜堤绕流流场，并根据试验结果评估各湍流模型的计算精度和效率。数值结果表明：大涡模拟方法对Navior-Stokes方程直接求解大涡的优势使其对礁体内部的流动分离现象预测最为精确，但模型计算效率最低；可实现k-ε模型对礁体结构内外的流速和涡旋分布的模拟基本反映了实测结果，且计算效率最高，是在计算能力有限时最适用于模拟透水鱼礁型潜堤的湍流模型。     

固定床生物反应器处理铀矿冶废水中NO-3模拟试验研究

针对铀矿冶废水中存在过量硝酸根的问题,通过以轻质黏土陶粒为载体的上流式固定床生物反应器对模拟的铀矿山废水进行了NO－₃的去除试验研究。考察了载体种类、挂膜次数、NO－₃质量浓度、pH、n(C)/n(N)和水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time ,HRT)等因素对反硝化效果的影响,结果表明生物反应器对硝酸根去除效果良好。以NO－₃质量浓度为500 mg/L模拟废水进行流动实验,tHRT由6 h下降至2 h的过程中,反应体系稳定后NO－₃去除率均为100%,达到了预期的去除效果。     

CO2和O2共注入下方解石溶解对黄铁矿氧化固铀的影响

我国大型可地浸砂岩型铀矿床普遍存在黄铁矿和方解石与铀矿物密切共生现象。中性地浸采铀过程中O₂和CO₂的共注入会诱导黄铁矿氧化和方解石溶解,目前针对二者共存体系中方解石溶解对黄铁矿氧化固铀的影响尚不明确。本文通过静态批实验和数值模拟的方法对比研究了CO₂和O₂条件下方解石溶解对黄铁矿氧化固铀的影响。结果表明:无CO₂分压下中性Tris缓冲体系中黄铁矿氧化对U(VI)的吸附率高达90%,有CO₂分压下碳酸铀酰体系中铀的固定率明显降低,约有32%的铀被吸附。在方解石和黄铁矿共存体系中,单独通O₂条件下铀的吸附率为27%,CO₂和O₂共通时黄铁矿氧化对铀的吸附率仅为2%,结合数值模拟结果表明O₂₊黄铁矿+方解石体系和CO₂₊O₂₊黄铁矿+方解石体系中Ca₂(UO₂)(CO₃)₃质量比分别为80%和95%。X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)和傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared,FT-IR)结果表明黄铁矿表面发生微氧化形成针铁矿和纤铁矿会增加U(VI)的吸附,方解石溶解促进Ca-UO₂-CO₃络合物的形成影响了黄铁矿及其氧化产物对U(VI)的固定,提高了U(VI)的迁移能力。     

微压内循环反应器的CFD模拟与试验研究

针对微压内循环反应器0.8m×0.1m×1.2m试验模型装置的内部气液两相流进行计算流体动力学(CFD)二维模拟和试验研究,结果表明:模拟结果与试验结果相符,总体的流速误差<±20%,中间区域的流速误差<±10%,检验了CFD模型。通过流速分布规律研究,从流体动力学角度初步分析了该反应器分区垂向循环流动特征,垂向循环流促进反应器底部产生较高的水平流速,从而有效地减小死区,提高反应器的容积利用率。     

运输类飞机货舱烟雾扩散数值模拟研究杨建忠,魏益祥,杨士斌,陈希远

本研究参考美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)所做货舱烟雾扩散实验,使用技术成熟且功能强大的计算流体力学(CFD)技术,建立了货舱烟雾扩散模型,对温度场和燃烧生成物包括CO,CO₂,SMOKE(烟灰)进行数值模拟,具体表现为：使用三维软件建立了货舱几何模型并用前处理软件进行了网格划分;完成了数学模型;对火源编写了源项用户自定义函数(UDF)加入FLUENT。确定了仿真与实验的对比指标,对相应云图进行了分析,并将模拟结果与FAA所做货舱烟雾扩散实验结果进行比对。比对通过后,得到了经过实验验证的CFD模型。为下一步对货舱烟雾探测系统进行数值模拟,进而协助烟雾探测系统适航审定做好了准备。     

SRT对附着型蠕虫床处理效果影响的研究

连续运行附着型蠕虫床,探究SRT(污泥停留时间)对蠕虫床整体处理效果的影响作用,同时对附着型蠕虫床污泥减量作用的效果和机理进行了初步探讨.试验结果表明,短时间的SRT更有利于蠕虫的捕食活性和污泥减量效率,不同的SRT条件下,污泥减量效果可以相差3倍以上,SRT=1时,污泥减量效果可达17.76 g/d.在经过了生物捕食作用后,被释放出的有机物质和氨氮在反应器低溶解氧的条件下发生了反硝化作用.活性污泥在经过了蠕虫床的处理后,沉降性能在SRT=1有了明显改善,SVI减少了10%到20%,而在长时间的SRT条件下,SVI反而出现了上升现象.     

一类具有时滞的传染病模型Hopf分支及稳定性分析

研究了一类具有非线性传染率的传染病模型,确定了模型的基本再生数R₀,分析了模型无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的稳定性,以时滞为参数,得到了在地方病平衡点处Hopf分支存在的条件、最后数值模拟以验证结果。     

基于磷酸盐还原过程的食品发酵废水厌氧除磷工艺研究

采用具有磷酸盐还原功能的菌株,对模拟的食品发酵废水进行厌氧除磷工艺研究。通过向厌氧反应器投加前期筛选得到的磷酸盐还原菌进行污泥驯化、正交试验和单因素实验,确定食品发酵废水厌氧除磷工艺的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:经过12个周期的驯化,使投加菌株的污泥具有良好的生化和除磷性能,反应器出水CODCr和总磷质量浓度分别为319.60mg/L和13.58mg/L,相应去除率分别为69.43%和20.95%。厌氧除磷工艺最佳工艺条件为培养温度30℃、pH值为7、氮源为蛋白胨+NH₄Cl+NaNO₃,总磷质量浓度为17.5mg/L,总磷去除率可达37.96%,产生的PH₃的磷含量占总磷去除量的24.61%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.