固定化诺卡氏菌批次连续转化生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌用于生产L( )酒石酸。为了提高细胞固定化的效率,采用自制的固定化装置,将固定化细胞制成细条状,可以加快固定化细胞的制备,获得具有高活性和强度的固定化细胞颗粒,固定化细胞的最佳菌体浓度为100 g(湿细胞)/L。将固定化细胞用于填充床反应器进行反复批式反应,可以反复利用48次以上,将0.85 mol/L的环氧琥珀酸溶液转化为L( )酒石酸,酒石酸的得率不低于96%。     

用固定化啤酒酵母细胞合成胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸胆碱

κ－卡拉胶－魔芋多糖复配胶包埋的啤酒酵母细胞，经冻融处理后用于合成胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸胆碱（CDP－胆碱）。结果表明：250mL摇瓶中加入50mL反应液（葡萄糖400mol/L，CMP10mmol/L，磷酸碍碱50mmol/L,K2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液100mmol/L，MgSO410mmol/L,pH=8.0），固定化细胞1200g/L,34℃、150r/min下，反应4h后补加400mmol/L葡萄糖，反应8h可使60％以上的CMP转化为CDP－胆碱。反应液经灭菌和添加辅酶I（NAD^ ）后，固定化细胞可连续使用4次，CDP－胆碱转化率维持在40％以上。     

固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶拆分DL-茶氨酸

研究固定化米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae AS3.381氨基酰化酶细胞拆分DL-茶氨酸制备L-茶氨酸的最佳工艺条件.将DL-茶氨酸乙酰化为N-乙酰-DL-茶氨酸,利用固定化米曲霉细胞立体专一性去乙酰化,可以获得L-茶氨酸,并分析固定化条件对比酶活的影响.结果显示:最适固定化条件为戊二醛浓度0.5%、交联时间2 h、温度55℃、pH8.0、底物0.2 mol/L、菌液比12 g菌体/100 mL戊二醛溶液,此时拆分率可达98%以上.菌体重复操作7批次,固定化细胞仍保留最高酶活的75%.与直接利用游离菌体转化相比,本法具有反应温度高、酶活高且稳定、能反复利用、酶活损失少等优点.     

卡拉胶固定化Nocardia sp.生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌菌体用于生产酒石酸。固定化的最适卡拉胶浓度为20 g/L,菌体浓度为200 g/L,交联剂戊二醛浓度为5 g/L,固定化后的酶活回收率可以达到70%。高浓度的环氧琥珀酸对水解反应产生抑制作用,游离细胞的米氏常数(Km)为0.234 m o l/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.22 m o l/L,固定化细胞则分别为0.31 m o l/L和0.21 m o l/L。游离细胞和固定化细胞反应的最适pH分别为8.0和8.5。细胞固定化以后,耐热稳定性增强。30°C 0.2m o l/L的底物浓度下,摇瓶中连续转化25批,L( )酒石酸的转化率接近100%。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖戊二醛的制备及其固定化脲酶性质

以魔芋葡甘聚糖为原料,通过戊二醛交联作用制备出海绵状的载体,并对脲酶进行固定化。实验研究了脲酶的最佳固定化条件,比较了固定化脲酶与游离脲酶的酶学性质。研究结果表明,载体最优制备条件为:1.5 g魔芋精粉充分溶解于30 mL 0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中,经50%0.1 mol/LNaOH的乙醇溶液不溶性处理,5%的戊二醛溶液活化1.5 h;最佳的联酶条件是在4℃下联酶60 min。该固定化脲酶的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为7.5,米氏常数Km为0.001 87。研究表明,载体经冷冻处理后再固定化可以大大提高固定化脲酶的稳定性。     

固定化细胞乳酸发酵动力学及工艺的研究

本文对海藻酸钙固定化德氏乳酸杆菌的间歇发酵动力学进行了探讨,并对固定化细胞高糖浓度发酵以及外循环固定化细胞反应器连续发酵工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:固定化不改变细胞的最适生长温度和pH;底物和产物均对细胞生长有抑制作用;固定化细胞生长的饱和常数和抑制常数增大,比生长速率减小,产酸速率增加;高糖浓度发酵最适工艺条件为初糖浓度120～130g/l,发酵时间68～72h,发酵液中乳酸浓度可达100g/l;外循环固定化细胞反应器连续发酵最适工艺条件为初糖浓度50g/l,稀释速率0.048～0.09l/h,转化率达78％。     

海藻酸钠复合载体固定化细胞拆分D,L－泛解酸内酯的研究

研究了海藻酸钠及其与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的复合载体对镰孢霉菌(Fusarium oxysporum BU-11)细胞的固定，该固定化细胞被用于手性拆分D,L-泛解酸内酯的反应体系。实验表明，海藻酸钠固定化细胞具有较好的扩散性和强度，在水解试验中与游离细胞相比，酶活收率可达到80%以上，而且具有较好的温度和批次反应稳定性，在底物质量浓度为200 g/L的3L搅拌式反应器中6h水解反应20批,水解率可以保持在初始的80%左右。PVA和PAM的加入可增强固定化细胞的强度，前者对酶活影响不大，后者使酶活略有增加。     

固定化真菌处理土霉素废水的研究

以自行分离培育的毛霉BFL-5优势菌株为试验菌种,采用海藻酸盐包埋法制备固定化真菌,经活化处理后,进行处理土霉素废水的试验,其COD去除率可稳定在80%以上,土霉素的降解率可达95%以上.显微镜观察结果说明了海藻酸盐包埋法制备的固定化真菌属固定化活细胞,包埋的孢子经活化后成长为菌丝体,因而降解活力显著增大.     

Al3+对荞麦离体根边缘细胞的作用

以悬空气培法获得荞麦根边缘细胞,并收集、研究了边缘细胞的生物学活性和脱离根冠后对A l3 毒害的响应过程.结果表明,荞麦根边缘细胞绝大多数呈细杆状,少数呈弯曲的长条型.根长为25 mm左右时,边缘细胞的生物学活性最大,为(94±1)%.A l3 对离体边缘细胞有明显的毒害作用,用A l3 浓度为50μmol/L的溶液处理1~6 h就出现细胞死亡症状,在6 h之后毒害作用最大.系列浓度A l3 (0,12.5,25,50,100,200μmol/L,Ca2 浓度为0.1 mmol/L)处理12 h后,A l3 浓度为12.5μmol/L时处理就足以使离体边缘细胞大量死亡,这说明极其微量的A l3 浓度就可以显著影响离体根边缘细胞活性,也表明离体边缘细胞对A l3 的作用较为敏感,边缘细胞对铝毒响应的滞后性是细胞自身抗铝毒的一种生理反应.     

醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜固定化脂肪酶的研究

以醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜为载体对脂肪酶进行吸附固定,研究了不同条件对固定化脂肪酶活性的影响,得到了最佳固定化条件:酶浓度0.020 g/mL,温度20℃,pH8.0,振荡速度100 r/min,吸附时间2 h,膜酶活力最高为4.5 U/cm2;膜酶转化反应最佳条件:最适温度35℃,比游离酶降低了5℃;最适pH 8.5,与游离酶相比pH向碱性偏移,固定化脂肪酶间歇水解橄榄油132 h酶活力为原酶活力的56.7%.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to