霍山山前断裂带冲沟纵剖面数学拟合函数的构造响应特征

处于不同构造环境以及不同发育阶段的冲沟会呈现出不同的数学函数形态特征,常见的有线性函数、指数函数、对数函数以及乘幂函数等。它们反映了冲沟演化对发育时间、区域气候特征、河床基岩性质和构造运动等因素的响应。基于DEM数据提取了横跨霍山山前断裂带的64条冲沟,分析了冲沟纵剖面的拟合函数及其所反映的冲沟对断裂活动的响应特征。结果显示,横跨霍山山前断裂带的冲沟均表现为幼年期的线性函数形态或轻微下凹的指数函数形态,这反映了上新世以来霍山山前断裂带持续而强烈的正断层作用,尤其是全新世以来时间间隔较短的多次强烈活动。     

世纪性全球海平面变化问题

近百年来全球海平面呈上升趋势，这是一个已得到普遍肯定的结论．近百年来全球海平面上升量为１０～２０ｃｍ，上升平均速率介于１～２ｍｍ／ａ．温室效应和气候变暖是全球海平面上升的主要原因．预计２１世纪全球海平面还将加速上升，上升速率可能达到过去百年平均速率的３～５倍．     

新疆构造演化与吐哈盆地油气地质特征

新疆地区新生代盆－山体制独特,深断裂活动既造山又造盆。活动带集中在山系及山前带,盆地内保存稳定地块区。吐哈盆地北部凹陷不存在大型盖层滑脱型推覆构造带。火焰山构造带受基底逆冲断裂控制,断裂控制背斜圈闭形成。油气沿隐伏断裂伴生的构造圈闭富集成藏。湖－沼相侏罗系含煤系是重要的油气源层,湖相三叠—二叠系亦有含油气远景。     

喀什凹陷的成因及找油方向

通过对喀什凹陷的基底结构和变形特征分析认为，喀什凹陷在侏罗纪—中新世期间的沉降主要与塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂的拉分作用有关；上新世以后的变形受天山和昆仑山山前逆冲作用控制；凹陷北部斜坡带的变形机制主要是山前重力滑动和山麓逆冲作用。根据与喀什凹陷有类似成因联系的中亚含油气盆地的油气勘探经验预测，喀什凹陷的油气主要赋存于山前构造带向斜盆地内部的低凸起中，下第三系膏盐层为主要勘探标志层。     

大尺寸砼试件的断裂能

采用最大尺寸为１２００ｍｍ×１２００ｍｍ×２００ｍｍ的楔入劈拉试件研究了试件高度对砼断裂能的影响．结果表明，断裂能ＧＦ在一定范围内存在尺寸效应，但当试件高度ｈ＞８００ｍｍ时，所测得的ＧＦ值与试件高度无关．这一结论对大型砼结构的非线性开裂计算具有重要意义     

临汾凹陷区主要活动断裂卫星影像分析

论述了活动断裂的一般影像特征，对临汾凹陷区主要活动断裂构造的卫星影像进行了分析，从而论证了应用卫星影像可以查明活动断裂的具体特征、力学性质及活动方式等，使人类进一步认识断裂构造的活动规律，将其所造成的自然灾害损失降至最低。     

鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂地球化学特征研究

目的 为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂地球化学特征及其与能源矿产的关系。方法对盆地内基底断裂特征及其活动性、盆地元素地球化学场以及与能源矿产关系作对比和分析。结果鄂尔多斯盆内基底断裂控制了多种能源矿产的分布特征，盆地北部以天然气、大中型煤田为主，南部以油田、中小型煤矿为主，断裂带发育地段以油．气混合区为主，铀矿富集受基底断裂或深断裂的控制；元素地球化学场与基底断裂关系密切，不同高、低背景的元素地球化学场展布位置、走向或扭曲变形与相应地段基底断裂的存在有关，基底断裂控制了地球化学场和元素组合特征。结论基底断裂控制了地球化学场的分布特征，基底断裂的存在与活动、地球化学场特征等都反映盆地内存在深部流体活动，基底断裂的活动为深部流体的运移并参与多种能源矿产的成藏成矿作用提供了有利条件。     

山西临汾盆地晚新生代环境演变研究

本文通过对山西南部临汾盆地一些露头剖面的观察,通过对LK10孔钻孔剖面的岩性,粘土矿物、地球化学、孢粉等古环境标志的综合分析,探讨了临汾盆地自上新世至晚更新世时期的环境演变。     

山西中部盆地主要地质灾害及防治对策

地质灾害是地壳内动力地质作用及岩石圈表层在大气圈、水圈、生物圈相互作用和影响之下，使人类生命及财产遭受损失的一种灾害现象．临汾盆地位于山西省中南部，是一个断陷盆地，新生代以来本区在新的应力场作用下，一直发生着断裂和差异升降运动，导致本区地质构造破碎，地质灾害频繁发生．临汾盆地历史上一直是山西省经济发达、人口众多的地区之一，因此历次地质灾害的发生都给当地居民和工农业生产带来了巨大的经济损失．2003年11月25日中午13时40分，临汾盆地又一次发生地震，震中在洪洞县甘亭一带，震级为5．3级．这次地震的发生，重新唤醒了当地人们对地质灾害的重视．为了全面了解临汾盆地主要地质灾害情况，提前做好具有针对性的防灾减灾准备工作，该文作者协同临汾市地质工作人员通过实地考察，对临汾盆地现存的主要地质灾害进行分类研究，提出了系统防治对策，以供决策部门参考．     

辽河盆地的构造运动

分析辽河盆地构造运动的主要规律：构造活动特征是地壳运动活跃，沉降中心有规律地迁移，深大断裂具有控制作用，构造运动具有旋回性、长期性和复杂性．     

玉树巴塘断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及其构造意义

玉树巴塘断裂是甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段的一条主要的分支断裂, 沿线发育第四纪巴塘盆地、波洛滩和当涌滩。通过遥感影像解译、野外构造地貌填图、断层剖面分析以及断错地貌面的光释光和14C年代测定, 发现该断裂沿线河流阶地、洪积扇断错明显, 是一条以左旋走滑为主, 兼具逆冲分量的全新世活动断裂。该断裂最新活动时代为全新世晚期, 距今2.72 ka。晚更新世晚期以来的左旋滑动速率为2.3~3.7 mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为0.2~0.6 mm/a, 该断裂在甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段起着变形分解作用, 吸收了玉树段内约1/3的走滑变形。研究结果可以解释甘孜-玉树断裂带内玉树断裂走滑速率偏小的构造现象, 并为评价甘孜-玉树断裂带玉树段的地震危险性提供基础资料。     

山西中部盆地主要地质灾害及防治对策

地质灾害是地壳内动力地质作用及岩石圈表层在大气圈、水圈、生物圈相互作用和影响之下,使人类生命及财产遭受损失的一种灾害现象.临汾盆地位于山西省中南部,是一个断陷盆地,新生代以来本区在新的应力场作用下,一直发生着断裂和差异升降运动,导致本区地质构造破碎,地质灾害频繁发生.临汾盆地历史上一直是山西省经济发达、人口众多的地区之一,因此历次地质灾害的发生都给当地居民和工农业生产带来了巨大的经济损失.2003年11月25日中午13时40分,临汾盆地又一次发生地震,震中在洪洞县甘亭一带,震级为5.3级.这次地震的发生,重新唤醒了当地人们对地质灾害的重视.为了全面了解临汾盆地主要地质灾害情况,提前做好具有针对性的防灾减灾准备工作,该文作者协同临汾市地质工作人员通过实地考察,对临汾盆地现存的主要地质灾害进行分类研究,提出了系统防治对策,以供决策部门参考.     

Sinistral shear and extension of the northern section of Lijiang Basin in northwest Yunnan in quaternary

The northern section of Lijiang Basin (NSLB) has the features of a zigzag fault, a kind of “tracing extension” in the shape. Fault slip is characterized by both extension and sinistral shear. Average sinistral-shear and extensional displacements are respectively 1950 and 1730 m. This kind of movement began in middle Pleistocene, which is about 800 ka ago. Average sinistral and extensional slip-rates can be acquired, which are 2.44 and 2.16 mm/a. Geological evidence at different segments of the NSLB demonstrates results of geomorphic analysis, and is consistent with our knowledge about the zigzag fault. Realization of sinistral shear and extension of the NSLB provides direct evidence for the model of clockwise rotation of northwest Sichuan active block and the understanding of dynamic features of the Red River fault zone.     

柴达木盆地中新世中期以来构造的运动学模型

柴达木盆地是位于青藏高原内部的山间盆地,盆地新生代的变形受到两侧山体隆升的主导.通过贯穿盆地地震剖面的精细构造解释和分析,依据生长地层的结构,我们认为自中新世中期以来昆仑山前冲断楔体以平均4.7 mm/a的速度向盆地逆冲,导致盆地南斜坡向昆仑山方向仰冲;这为东昆仑山北麓出露的倾向北向南逆冲的多条断层和盆地南部向南逆冲的断层控制的断层相关褶皱作用所证实.盆地北部祁连山前冲断楔体向盆地方向逆冲,导致盆地北部向北逆冲的断层在地表形成北翼陡、南翼缓的断层相关褶皱背斜,向北逆冲的断层在盆地东部局部位置出露地表.昆仑山前冲断楔体和祁连山前冲断楔体的楔顶已经相向冲断至盆地中部,并造成第四系的变形.     

Resonant slow fault slip in subduction zones forced by climatic load stress

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at subduction plate boundaries often record fault movements similar to earthquakes but much slower, occurring over timescales of approximately 1 week to approximately 1 year. These 'slow slip events' have been observed in Japan, Cascadia, Mexico, Alaska and New Zealand. The phenomenon is poorly understood, but several observations hint at the processes underlying slow slip. Although slip itself is silent, seismic instruments often record coincident low-amplitude tremor in a narrow (1-5 cycles per second) frequency range. Also, modelling of GPS data and estimates of tremor location indicate that slip focuses near the transition from unstable ('stick-slip') to stable friction at the deep limit of the earthquake-producing seismogenic zone. Perhaps most intriguingly, slow slip is periodic at several locations, with recurrence varying from 6 to 18 months depending on which subduction zone (or even segment) is examined. Here I show that such periodic slow fault slip may be a resonant response to climate-driven stress perturbations. Fault slip resonance helps to explain why slip events are periodic, why periods differ from place to place, and why slip focuses near the base of the seismogenic zone. Resonant slip should initiate within the rupture zone of future great earthquakes, suggesting that slow slip may illuminate fault properties that control earthquake slip.     

Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system

The San Andreas fault in California is a mature continental transform fault that accommodates a significant fraction of motion between the North American and Pacific plates. The two most recent great earthquakes on this fault ruptured its northern and central sections in 1906 and 1857, respectively. The southern section of the fault, however, has not produced a great earthquake in historic times (for at least 250 years). Assuming the average slip rate of a few centimetres per year, typical of the rest of the San Andreas fault, the minimum amount of slip deficit accrued on the southern section is of the order of 7-10 metres, comparable to the maximum co-seismic offset ever documented on the fault. Here I present high-resolution measurements of interseismic deformation across the southern San Andreas fault system using a well-populated catalogue of space-borne synthetic aperture radar data. The data reveal a nearly equal partitioning of deformation between the southern San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, with a pronounced asymmetry in strain accumulation with respect to the geologically mapped fault traces. The observed strain rates confirm that the southern section of the San Andreas fault may be approaching the end of the interseismic phase of the earthquake cycle.     

The Quaternary fault in Jiamu area,the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Quaternary Tailan River fault has been found in the Tianshan foothills area, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is the recent boundary fault of the Tarim Basin coupling with the West Tianshan Mountains. In the light of measurement data of the slip which cuts the Quaternary deposits of different ages, the Quaternary kinematic figures of the Tailan River fault are estimated as follows: crustal shortening 3.7 km and shortening rate 1.59 mm/a, uplift of Tianshan Mountains 1.34 km and uplift rate 0.56 mm/a, and additional relief of 900 m. Considering the contribution of the Gumubiezi anticline close to the south of the Tailan River fault, the Quaternary crustal shortening and shortening rate of the Jiamu area are 4.8 km and 2 mm/a respectively. The above-mentioned data coincide with the crustal shortening rate calculated from the growth strata in the Kuqa area, as well as the GPS measurements in the Lake Issyk area and the Korla-Urumqi area, reflecting the fast thrusting period within the shortening tectonic processes of the rejuvenation foreland basin in front of the southern foothill of the West Tianshan Mountains since Neogene.     

盆地伸展率计算方法探讨

伸展构造是煤、油田中常见的构造型式，伸展率是反映其水平拉伸运动特征的重要参数。本文推导出单一断块和各种伸展断层组合剖面伸展率的计算公式，并利用这些公式计算出汾河地堑系北部霍州煤矿区的构造伸展率。     

Study on kinetics of hydrocarbon generation from coals in the Qinshui Basin

Coal-bed gas is a new energy resource and studies on its genetic mechanism, coal source rock and the resource assessment have become the hot points in petroleum ge-ology field[1―3]. A new method for the quantitative as-sessment of hydrocarbon generative potential from coals by means of the chemical reaction kinetics has been de-veloped gradually over the recent years and so far some researchers in the field have been reported[4―13]. These works focused on the application of the kinetic model…     

Slip rate variations on normal faults during glacial-interglacial changes in surface loads

Geologic and palaeoseismological data document a marked increase in the slip rates of the Wasatch fault and three adjacent normal faults in the Basin and Range Province during the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene epochs. The cause of this synchronous acceleration of fault slip and the subsequent clustering of earthquakes during the Holocene has remained enigmatic, although it has been suggested that the coincidence between the acceleration of slip and the shrinkage of Lake Bonneville after the Last Glacial Maximum may indicate a causal relationship. Here we use finite-element models of a discrete normal fault within a rheologically layered lithosphere to evaluate the relative importance of two competing processes that affect fault slip: postglacial unloading (the removal of mass), which decreases the slip rate, and lithospheric rebound, which promotes faster slip. We show that lithospheric rebound caused by regression of Lake Bonneville and deglaciation of adjacent mountain ranges provides a feasible mechanism for the high Holocene rates of faulting in the Wasatch region. Our analysis implies that climate-controlled changes in loads applied to Earth's surface may exert a fundamental control on the slip history of individual normal faults.