临南地区煤成气藏成因分析

济阳坳陷广泛分布石炭系和二叠系 ,但是此地层煤成气的成藏问题一直没有获得突破。临南地区曲古 1井产出的天然气证明是源自石炭系和二叠系煤岩。对该地区煤系地层的地球化学特征进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,该煤系具有较大的生烃潜力 ,并经历了 4次生烃过程 ,燕山期和喜山期是主要生烃期。对煤系烃源岩生、排烃期次、构造活动以及煤成气成藏期次的研究认为 ,曲古 1井煤成气藏有两种成因 :①原生气藏在喜山期被破坏后再次聚集而成 ;②埋藏较深的石炭系和二叠系烃源岩在新近纪再次生烃。因此 ,临南地区在燕山期和喜山期形成的圈闭是有利的煤成气勘探目标区。     

Thermal simulation of the formation and evolution of coalbed gas

Thermal simulation experiment of gas generation from the peat and the coals were performed using the high temperature and pressure apparatus, at temperature ranging from 336.8-600℃, a pressure of 50MPa and two heating rates of 20℃/h and 2℃/h, and the evolution and formation of coalbed gas components were studied. Results show that for the coals, the gaseous products are mainly composed of hydrocarbon gases. However, for the peat the content of hydrocarbon gases in gaseous products is lower than that of non-hydrocarbon components. In the generated hydrocarbon gases methane is predominant and heavy hydrocarbon gases (C2-5) are present in small amount. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide (CO2) predominates the generated non-hydrocarbon gases, and hydrogen (H2) and sul-furated hydrogen (H2S) are existent in trace amount. It is also observed that temperature is the main factor controlling the evolution of coalbed gas generation. With increasing vitrinite reflectance, methane rapidly increases, CO2 sightly increases, and C2-5 hydrocarbons first increase and then decrease. The peat and Shanxi formation coal have a higher generative potential of coalbed gases than coals and Taiyuan formation coal, respectively, reflecting the effect of the property of organic matter on the characteristics of coalbed gas component generation. In this study, it is found that low heating rate is favorable for the generation of methane, H2 and CO2, and the decomposition of C2-5 hydrocarbons. This shows that heating time plays an important controlling role in the generation and evolution of coalbed gases. The results obtained from the simulation experiment in the study of coalbed gases in natural system are also discussed.     

煤层气储层压力测试实验研究

以沁水盆地南部测试井为煤层气储层压力实验对象,利用自主研发的煤层气储层压力测试实验装备,对煤层的储层压力进行实验测定.利用实验测试压力数据对煤层气的储层压力参数进行分析和研究;从而得出沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压力的实验数值.通过煤层气储层压力实验数据结果对煤层气勘探、测试和后期排采过程都具有非常重要的指导意义.     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

Analysis of pore system model and physical property of coal reservoir in the Qinshui Basin

The Qinshui Basin in China is a major area for exploration and development of high rank coalbed methane. Due to the high rank coal and complicated pore system, no substantial breakthrough in the exploration and development of coalbed methane has been made until now. Many systematic tests show that a pore system of coal reservoir has some features as follows: the porosity is relatively low; the pore system is dominated by micropores and transition pores; mesopores take the second place, and macropores are nearly absent, which is exceedingly adverse for production of coal-bed methane. However, testing data also revealed the differential development for the pore of high rank coal reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, which necessarily led to the different physical properties of desorption, diffusion and permeability. This paper classifies the testing data using cluster analysis method and selects the typical samples to establish four pore system models, analyzes the differences of reservoir physical property, and provides a guidance for the exploration and development of coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin.     

Kinetic study of hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnan area, Tabei uplift

The molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons produced in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnnan area were investigated by pyrolysis of asphaltene sealed in gold tube in a limited system. The experimental results indicated that oil asphaltene from Lunnan area had relatively high generation potential of methane. However, the molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene exhibited different characteristics from that of gas hydrocarbons by primary cracking of kerogen and secondary cracking of oil. Based on kinetic simulation with paleo-geothermal data of oil reservoir, the methane produced by cracking of oil asphatene was characterized by relatively light carbon isotopic compositions. This result could not explain relatively heavy carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from Lunnan area. Pyrolysis of kerogen from source rocks under very high temperature probably made remarkable contributions to natural gas from Lunnan area.     

济阳坳陷煤系构造-热演化史对煤成气的影响

济阳坳陷古生界煤系地层发育,具备形成煤成气藏的条件。通过分析该区煤系地层构造一热演化史对煤成气生成、聚集的影响,指出二次生烃对煤成气的生成具有重要作用,并依据地层构造史划分煤成气成藏模式,探索成藏规律,为煤成气勘探指明方向。     

沁水盆地山西组致密气成藏条件分析

为了评价沁水盆地山西组的致密气勘探潜力,应用地球化学、流体包裹体、稀有气体和生排烃概念模型等实验技术方法,综合分析了山西组致密气的成藏地质条件。研究结果表明,山西组泥岩和煤岩的总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)较大,有机质为Ⅲ型干酪根且达到高-过成熟阶段,以生气为主。泥岩和煤岩的生气潜力巨大,生气量分别达到11.44×10~(12)、39.33×10~(12) m~3,山西组致密气资源量为0.14×10~(12) m~3。稀有气体Ar同位素比值表明泥岩是致密气的主力气源岩,其生成的天然气对致密气的贡献率为70.1%,煤岩的贡献率为29.9%。根据盆地的埋藏-热演化史和流体包裹体的均一温度测试结果,确定山西组致密气存在2个成藏期,对应的成藏时间分别为中-晚三叠世和晚侏罗世-早白垩世。此次研究定量评价了沁水盆地山西组致密气的成藏条件,可为该区致密气的勘探提供有利方向。     

沁水盆地南部煤层气藏特征

以油气、煤田和煤层气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁南煤层气藏的特征。通过对气藏静态特征（包括煤层空间几何形态、煤层气成分和含量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力及封闭条件）和动态过程（包括煤层气形成、运移和聚集）的分析,指出晚古生代的煤层在经历了印支期和燕山期两次煤化作用生成的煤层气,在喜马拉雅期遭受了严重的调整与改造后逐渐形成现今的沁南煤层气藏。直接控制该煤层气藏中煤层气富集程度的因素为顶底板与边界断层。目前的高产煤层气井基本上都位于地下水滞流区。     

沁水盆地樊庄区块构造对煤层气富集的控制作用

在对樊庄区块褶皱形成力学机制研究基础上,从煤层气藏构造演化史的角度,结合樊庄区块煤层气排采实际资料,建立了沁水盆地樊庄区块三种类型煤层气成藏模式,即原生型、调整型和改造型,其中改造型又可分为原生改造型和调整改造型,旨在研究沁水盆地樊庄区块构造对煤层气富集的控制作用,为认识局部微小构造对煤层气藏的控制作用提供参考。本区煤层气开发实践表明,不同成因的气藏宜采用相应的勘探开发策略。     

浅析煤储层压裂缝滤失系数的计算

以煤储层压裂改造基本理论为基础,对石油系统相关压裂参数的计算模型进行修正,建立起适合本地区储层的水力压裂计算模型。通过分析沁水盆地南部煤层气井压裂工艺、压裂工艺参数及煤储层力学特征,建立了压裂液滤失系数计算的数学模型,并编制了相关计算程序。应用建立的数学模型,带入沁水盆地樊庄、郑庄区块压裂井的压裂施工参数,进行了压裂缝滤失系数等计算,结合压裂施工工艺与气、水产能进行施工适用性评价,优化压裂工艺参数。     

川东北地区上二叠统大隆组烃源岩生烃动力学应用

为了确定川东北地区大隆组烃源岩的生烃特征,选取广元矿山梁大隆组的暗色泥岩进行了Rock-Eval（开放体系）热模拟实验。同时选取飞仙关组抽提物进行了金管（密闭体系）热模拟实验以确定大隆组原油裂解成气特征。通过热模拟实验数据对成烃动力学模型进行标定。标定的大隆组泥岩样品动力学参数揭示其样品活化能主要分布在（190—230）kJ/mol之间,平均活化能为212 kJ/mol。川东北地区大隆组成烃史指出大隆组烃源岩自210 Ma左右开始大量生烃,到170 Ma（中侏罗世）干酪根生烃基本结束。油裂解成气主要发生在（180—160）Ma期间。川东北地区大隆组开江-梁平海槽和广元-旺苍海槽内平均生气强度为（10—20×10⁸）m³·km²,大隆组烃源岩累计生气量达到32.63×10¹²m³。大隆组烃源岩生烃期短,成烃期较晚,对成藏贡献大。     

浅谈煤层瓦斯生成和聚集的规律

介绍了煤层变质演化的因素,论述了煤层生烃时间及生烃量,探讨了煤层瓦斯聚集的一般规律。     

矿井抽放煤层气中甲烷的变压吸附提浓

变压吸附(PSA)技术提浓矿井抽放煤层气中的甲烷(CH4)对解决煤层气对环境的污染、得到高效能源和化工原料具有重要意义.为此,介绍了以活性炭作吸附剂,PSA提浓抽放煤层气中CH4的国内外研究和应用状况,系统地从理论和实验上探讨了PSA分离煤层气的热力学关系、动力学过程以及PSA操作参数对浓缩CH4效果的影响,并对存在的问题提出了相应的建议.     

Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from marine carbonate source rocks characterization of products of gas and liquid hydrocarbon

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from the marine carbonate source rocks were determined and calibrated through kinetic simulating experiment. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation then were extrapolated to geological condition by using the relative software. The result shows that gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1, C_2, C_3, C_(4-5)) were generated in condition of 150℃相似文献   

沁水盆地中东部热演化史模拟及油气成藏响应

为还原沁水盆地中东部热演化史,以某页岩气井山西组及太原组26件海陆过渡相泥页岩实测数据为基础,利用Petro Mod软件进行了热演化史模拟,依据模拟结果对油气生成及成藏进行了分析,结果表明:研究区内烃源岩干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,有机质演化成熟度高,具有良好的生烃潜力;热演化史与构造演化史存在耦合作用,受印支运动及燕山运动影响,地层温度经历了缓慢上升-缓慢冷却-异常高温-快速冷却四个阶段;太原组及山西组烃源岩有机质演化过程中镜质组反射率(Ro)值发生一次跃变,最终演化至2. 0%左右,于早白垩世烃源岩发生二次生烃作用进入产气阶段,加之上覆致密的盖层形成了良好的煤系气藏。     

沁水盆地煤地质与煤层气聚集单元特征研究

通过对沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元分析,可以看出煤层气聚集单元划分需要查明影响煤层气成藏的各种地质因素。煤层气聚集成藏是天然气成藏中的特殊情况,其特殊的成因机制使得聚集单元分析不能套用常规石油天然气聚集单元的划分原则,其中煤地质基础研究特别是煤层气基础研究是煤层气聚集单元分析的基础;对于一个完整盆地,煤聚积规律研究对煤层气最为重要,因此应该在高分辨率层序地层单元划分的基础上进行精细的富煤单元分析;对于指导煤层气勘探与开发,盆地内部次级单元的划分是实用的,也是难度更大的;沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元可以用以下“富气区”描述,即沁南极富气区、东翼斜坡带富气区、西翼斜坡带低富气区、西山较低富气区和高平一晋城低富气区,因此沁南区是煤层气成藏有利区。     

Oil cracking to gases： Kinetic modeling and geological significance

A Triassic oil sample from LN14 of Tarim Basin was pyrolyzed using the sealed gold tubes at 200-620℃under a constant pressure of 50 MPa. The gaseous and residual soluble hydrocarbons were analyzed. The results show that the cracking of oil to gas can be divided into two distinct stages: the primary generation of total C1-5 gases from liquid oil characterized by the dominance of C2-5 hydrocarbons and the secondary or further cracking of C2-5 gases to methane and carbon-rich matters leading to the progressive dryness of gases. Based on the experimental data, the kinetic parameters were determined for the primary generation and secondary cracking of oil cracking gases and extrapolated to geological conditions to predict the thermal stability and cracking extent of crude oil. Finally, an evolution model for the thermal destruction of crude oil was proposed and its implications to the migration and accumulation of oil cracking gases were discussed.     

川中—川西南地区雷三段碳酸盐烃源岩生烃评价

评价川中—川西南地区中三叠统雷口坡组第三段暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的生烃能力,预测雷口坡组天然气新的勘探领域.在典型钻井岩心和岩屑样品的有机地球化学特征分析基础上,结合测井解释TOC技术,刻画出27口井的有效烃源岩厚度,并且应用有机质热模拟参数法对各井烃源岩的生气强度进行定量计算.研究表明:暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的残余有机碳质量分数...     

排烃门限理论在大杨树盆地的应用

排烃门限是油气源岩在沉积埋藏过程中生成的油气满足了源岩自身各种形式的残留需要后开始大量排烃的临界地质条件 .通过源岩生烃量减去残留烃量判别排烃门限 ,进而求得排烃量和油气资源潜量的办法 ,可以规避复杂的排烃机理问题 .大杨树盆地是松辽盆地外围一重要盆地 ,暗色泥岩生烃条件理想 ,有机质已经成熟 ,但资源前景一直不明朗 .利用排烃门限理论对盆地油气资源前景进行研究表明 ,源岩已经进入排油气门限并开始大量排烃 ,天然气勘探前景好于液态石油的勘探前景 .盆地可聚资源量达 (1834.4 774～ 12 134.16 35 )× 10 4 t ,显示了良好的勘探前景