烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

呼吸病学领域的发展态势分析

正呼吸系统是唯一与大气时刻交通并完成通气和换气功能的重要器官。呼吸病学是研究呼吸系统炎症、肿瘤、气道疾患及通气和换气功能的一个综合性学科。在人类所患疾病中,若将全部呼吸系统慢性疾病(包括肺部感染、慢阻肺、肺癌)患病人数和死亡人数加起来,则占所有系统性疾病人数的首位。呼吸疾患的诊治综合了影     

多排螺旋CT肺动脉血管成像技术在肺血管疾病中的应用

目的探讨多排螺旋CT肺动脉血管成像(MSCTPA)诊断肺血管病变的临床价值.方法回顾性分析经手术病理或DSA证实的48例肺血管病变的MSCTPA影像表现,图像后处理包括容积再现(VR)、薄层最大密度投影(thin MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重建(CPR)及仿真内窥镜(CTVE)等.结果全部病例依据直观的二维、三维重组图像得以明确诊断,其中,肺动脉栓塞43例,肺动静脉瘘4例,肺隔离症1例.结论MSCTPA结合二维、三维图像重组技术能全面、直观地显示病变全貌,对肺血管病变的临床诊断和治疗有一定价值,可取代有创的DSA检查.     

经皮肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术治疗犬肺动脉高压疗效评价

摘要:目的 通过野百合碱诱导的犬肺动脉高压模型,观察肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术后 6 个月的肺动脉平均压力( mPAP) 、肺毛细血管楔压( PCWP)及内皮素受体-1( ET-1)变化,评估冷冻消融去比格犬肺动脉交感神经的安全性和有效性。 方法 将 15 只比格犬随机分为 A 组(冷冻消融组) 、B 组(假手术组) 及 C 组( 对照组) ,对比观察比格犬手术前后 mPAP、PCWP 及 ET-1 水平变化。 结果 A、B 和 C 各组术后 6 个月,mPAP、PCWP 和 ET-1 值均低于术前水平,差异有统计学意义( P<0. 05) 。 结论 犬肺动脉高压经皮肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术安全且有效,术后表现出延续性降肺动脉压力效果。     

孟鲁司特对慢性肺心病肺动脉高压的治疗效应研究

为探讨半胱氨酸白三烯（CysLT）在慢性肺心病肺动脉高压发病中的作用和评价其受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特对慢性肺心病肺动脉高压的治疗效应。以白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特对慢性肺心病并肺动脉高压的患者进行治疗．40例患者分为2组：对照组和孟鲁司特治疗组，观察两组治疗前后肺动脉压力，右室肥厚和动脉血氧分压的变化以及血浆中LTC4浓度的变化。超声心动图检测肺动脉压及右心室内径、采用酶免疫法检测血浆中LTC4浓度、血气分析测定PaO2等指标。孟鲁司特治疗组治疗后与治疗前比较PaO2升高、肺动脉压降低；孟鲁司特治疗组治疗后与对照组比较PaO2升高、肺动脉压降低更多（P均〈0．01），而血浆中LTC4浓度与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。因此．白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特能扩张血管、降低肺动脉压，并使动脉血氧分压上升，对慢性肺心病具有一定治疗作用。     

肺炎支原体肺炎及其肺外并发症临床分析

目的：探讨肺炎支原体肺炎以及肺外并发症的临床特点。方法：对内蒙古赤峰市第二医院2011-12-2012-12住院的600例肺炎患儿进行肺炎支原体抗体检测,对MP-IgM阳性者给予肝功能、肝脏B超及心肌酶谱检查。结果：6-12岁阳性率占60%,且常在感染同时出现肺外并发症。结论：肺炎支原体感染大多侵犯肺部,但易引起肺外并发症,故在治疗过程中有发热、咽痛症状,而且又同时或先后出现多系统器官免疫损害时应考虑到肺炎支原体感染。     

肺栓塞的诊治新进展

目的:了解肺栓塞是内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理综合症.方法:收集近年有关肺栓塞的诊治新进展的研究资料并加以归纳综合.结果:其发病率随年龄增加而增加,成人发病率15%～64%,80岁以上高达70%.结论:因其诊断较困难,故肺栓塞的真正患病率仍不清楚,因此,应引起广大医务工作者的重视.     

肺动脉栓塞实验动物模型的制备及其进展

肺动脉栓塞(PE)是一种常见病,在美国每年约有65万新发病例,其发病率在心血管疾病中仅次于冠心病和高血压,占第三位。国外尸检发现,PE的临床漏诊率为67％,假阳性率为63％,诊断正确者仅1／3。近年来随着检查技术的改进,病变检出率有所提高。诊断明确并经过适当的治疗可使PE的死亡率从早期的20％-30％降至目前的2％-8％。     

肺泡蛋白沉积症6例临床分析

目的:研究肺泡蛋白沉积症的临床特征,诊治方法,提高临床诊治水平,减少误诊、误治.方法:分析近9年来收治患者的临床特征,肺部影像学表现,总结诊治经验,分析误诊、误治原因.结果:患者多表现为活动后气促,咳嗽.胸部高分辨CT主要征象:双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影6例,呈地图样分布5例,铺路石征3例,支气管充气征2例.仅凭胸部CT,误诊率高,入院前3例误诊肺炎,1例误诊肺结核,1例误诊特发性肺间质纤维化.6例患者入院后经肺泡灌洗液、支气管肺活检确诊.肺泡灌洗治疗后症状改善.结论:肺泡蛋白沉积症临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断有一定困难,仅凭胸部高分辨CT检查,误诊、误治普遍.当患者有活动后气促,胸部HRCT呈地图样、铺路石样改变时,需考虑PAP.肺泡灌洗是最有效治疗方法.诊断不清时避免盲目治疗.     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者的健康教育

慢性阻塞性肺病是一种以气流受限为特征的慢性呼吸系统疾病,这种气流受限通常呈进行性进展,不完全可逆。患者会逐渐丧失劳动能力甚至生活自理能力,生活质量明显下降,给患者及家庭带来严重的心理负担、经济负担及护理负担。如何做好COPD患者的健康教育工作对提高患者的自我保健意识、延缓疾病的进展具有重要意义。