大鼠初级视皮层整合野朝向信息调制的混沌性研究

整合野朝向信息调制作用下神经元响应信号具有混沌性,目前并不清楚混沌响应特性对信息处理的作用。以大鼠为研究对象,通过胞外电极记录信号的方式获取初级视皮层(V1区)神经元的动作电位信号,利用最大李雅普诺夫指数描述响应信号的非线性混沌状态,通过递归图算法计算随混沌状态变化的动力学信息量,分析神经元在整合野朝向信息调制下混沌性的变化对神经元信息表达的影响。结果发现整合野的调制增强了神经元响应信号的混沌性,有助于神经元用相对较少的发放传递等量的信息,或用同样的发放传递相对较多的信息,从而提高视觉系统处理信息的能力。     

基于spike-LFP同步的神经元朝向选择性分析

局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)与神经元发放的锋电位(spike)之间的同步关系揭示了重要的神经编码信息。为了研究不同对比度的光栅刺激下猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性,本文将锋电位触发的相关矩阵同步方法应用于在猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区记录的微电极信号,发现spike与gamma频段LFP之间的同步与光栅朝向之间存在较强的相关性,反映了视觉刺激的基本特征信息。另外,神经元spike的发放速率虽然会受到光栅朝向的影响,但是在不同对比度下发放速率并无明显区别,而spike-LFP同步会随着对比度的增加而增加,能够反映出同一朝向下对比度的变化。本文还利用圆方差来量化spike-LFP同步的朝向调谐曲线,发现对比度越大,V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性越强,V1区神经元比V4区神经元具有更强的朝向选择性。总之,spike-LFP同步能够更深入地揭示视皮层神经元的朝向调谐特性,为研究朝向选择性的形成机制提供新的方向。     

基于初级视皮层视觉特性的图像质量评价方法

针对现有的图像质量评价方法多从特征提取角度考虑图像的失真,忽视初级视皮层是视觉信息处理和认知推理的前提的问题,受人类视觉系统特性的启发,提出一种基于初级视皮层视觉特性的图像质量评价算法;该方法基于对初级视皮层视觉特性的学习,利用初级视皮层中感受野对视觉感知信息的稀疏编码特性,提取模拟初级视皮层感受野特性的基函数,结合独立成分分析和结构相似度算法构建一种初级视觉相似性测度法,并在LIVE图像数据库中进行实验。结果表明,该模型的预测结果与主观质量评价有很好的一致性,并优于已有的结构相似度算法。     

视知觉训练与初级视皮层神经元信息及其表征容量

通过分析猕猴初级视皮层（V1）神经元的群体活动在轮廓线检测训练过程中的变化发现：知觉训练可以降低V1神经元响应在不同试次之间的变异性，促使V1神经元对相同刺激的响应更加稳定；训练还可降低V1神经元群体中神经元活动之间的相关性，使V1神经元之间的活动更加独立；增加了神经活动的维度，提高了神经元表征信息的容量，减少了冗余的神经活动，进而提升了感知能力.     

视网膜神经元网络模型分析

将嗅觉神经系统刺激、响应的WinnerLess Competition (WLC)模型应用到视觉通道的视网膜神经元网络的计算之中,研究视网膜神经元的电位发放特性.通过数值实验,发现视网膜神经元的电位发放与生理实验的结果相近,得出WLC模型能够用于视觉通道计算研究的结论,并分析了视网膜神经元网络中神经节神经元电位发放的ISI,讨论了该网络模型的动力学性质.     

大鼠初级视皮层神经元整合野调制的多重分形去趋势波动分析

初级视皮层(V1区)神经元整合野的外周调制作用是动物执行视觉图像-背景分割和目标识别的神经基础。采用多重分形去趋势波动的方法,分析了整合野调制下神经元响应的多重分形性,并分析了其与整合野抑制作用的关系。结果表明:不同模式下神经元的响应信号均具有多重分形特征,谱宽Δα能显著区分两种典型的整合野调制状态,且神经元的分形性强度与整合野的抑制指数呈正相关。该研究表明整合野的调制作用改变了神经元响应的复杂程度,提高了其携带信息的能力。     

基于受限玻尔兹曼机的神经元群体响应的贝叶斯解码

神经元通过尖峰模式传递有关刺激的信息,多个神经元通过突触相互联系,构成了复杂的神经回路。在过去的一个世纪中,多电极记录技术的进步使科学家们能够获取一个完整神经回路的细胞响应。这些记录表明,神经元的活动之间存在显著相关性。因此,本文提出利用受限玻尔兹曼机模型描述神经元响应活动之间的相关性,建立神经元群体响应的编码模型,并利用贝叶斯定理构建了基于受限玻尔兹曼机模型的解码器,将它应用于模拟的小鼠视觉皮层神经元的响应序列中。实验结果表明,此解码器在准确率方面优于不考虑神经元之间相关性的独立模型解码器。     

基于视觉感知机制的轮廓检测方法

结合初级视皮层的结构及其功能特性,模拟初级皮层的轮廓感知功能,提出一种有效的基于人类视觉感知机制的轮廓检测算法.首先,利用局部能量建立复杂细胞响应模型;然后,结合初级视皮层细胞排列特性构建图像信息与皮层细胞的映射关系,通过模拟神经元间的水平连接机制,实现对图像轮廓信息的增强和背景信息的抑制,建立了以初级视皮层风车状结构为基础的轮廓感知模型.实验结果表明:所提方法在保持目标轮廓完整性的同时,对背景信息的抑制效果更为有效;可以更加有效地对图像背景纹理进行抑制和对目标轮廓进行增强,在一定程度上达到了轮廓过度检测与欠检测的平衡,检测出的目标轮廓位置也更加精准.     

神经系统刺激响应的函数条形码

为研究神经系统的电位发放模式和编码,利用嗅觉神经系统的WinnerLess Competition模型,根据神经细胞电位发放全有全无的特点,构造了神经系统外界刺激、发放响应的函数条形码模式．该模式将神经系统受到的外界刺激和电位发放响应模式用有限对应的形式联系起来,从理论上给出了可识别的刺激响应模式．文中还提出了一种研究神经系统电位发放模式和编码的新方法,该方法可以将编码理论和神经元发放实验数据联系起来。     

基于转向滤波器的轮廓提取快速算法

轮廓提取是图像处理研究的基本问题之一,特别是基于视觉特性的仿生算法。然而传统模型计算复杂度过高,很难应用于实际图像任务中。针对此困难,结合转向滤波器提出一种新模型。构造的转向滤波器只需对图像做两次卷积运算,再整合两次卷积响应,即可完成对图像的滤波作用,极大地降低了时间复杂度。通过定性分析与合成图像及自然图像的实验验证,新模型不仅快速、高效,而且对不明显的轮廓具有更加显著的增强作用,很好地模拟了初级视皮层神经元的高速并行处理机制。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.