重组酵母Saccharom yces cerevisiae蛋白激酶Sch9的分泌表达与活性鉴定

为了深入研究蛋白激酶Sch9的生物化学特性,在Pichia pastoris酵母KM71H菌种中分泌表达并纯化了重组Sch9蛋白.进一步通过体外磷酸化实验分析了重组Sch9蛋白的蛋白激酶活性.通过重组蛋白质工程的手段初步研究了Sch9蛋白的生物化学和酶学特性.     

HeLa细胞中激酶NUAK1调控Tuberiun的磷酸化

NUAK1是LKB1的下游激酶之一,可被LKB1磷酸化而激活,但对其在LKB1相关信号通路中的功能仍缺乏了解.本研究发现在HeLa细胞中重建LKB1表达后NUAK1与tuberin蛋白免疫共沉淀,提示在野生型LKB1存在时NUAK1与tuberin可能存在直接相互作用.进一步的激酶活性测定和in vivo蛋白磷酸化实验表明:在HeLa细胞中葡萄糖匾乏条件下,野生型LKB1可显著激活NUAK1的激酶活性;而被激活的NUAK1可明显提高tuberin 的磷酸化水平,使用NUAK1 siRNA pool干扰NUAK1的表达则几乎将tuberin的磷酸化水平降低为零.上述结果表明NUAK1可能介导了LKB1对tuberin磷酸化的调节,进而下调mTOR通路,抑制蛋白质合成与细胞生长增殖.     

CDK1磷酸化修饰对驱动蛋白Kif18A的ATP酶活性的影响

为了探究真核细胞中蛋白激酶CDK1的磷酸化修饰对驱动蛋白分子Kif18A的ATP酶活性的影响,利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统,在体外表达并纯化Kif18A模拟磷酸化(EE)和非磷酸化(AA)的突变体蛋白(Kif18A-EE,Kif18A-AA).首先构建驱动蛋白Kif18A的杆状病毒表达载体质粒pFast-Bac-FLAG-Kif18A-AA或EE,将其转化到DH10Bac感受态细胞中,通过蓝白斑筛选得到阳性克隆.随后提取杆状病毒基因组,转染昆虫细胞SF9后得到能够表达FLAG-Kif18A突变体蛋白的杆状病毒.扩增病毒后,对病毒感染SF9细胞表达目的蛋白的条件进行优化,最终通过蛋白纯化得到有活性的Kif18A突变体蛋白,并在体外检测纯化蛋白的ATP酶活性.结果显示,Kif18A-EE蛋白的ATP酶活性低于Kif18A-AA蛋白.这一结果表明,CDK1的磷酸化修饰能够降低驱动蛋白Kif18A的ATP酶活性.     

20℃和25℃条件下秀丽隐杆线虫衰老过程中磷酸化蛋白质组学的研究

衰老过程受到包括温度在内的众多环境因素的影响。蛋白质磷酸化是重要的翻译后修饰,调控多种生命活动,在衰老过程中也起着重要作用。秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)是经典的衰老研究的模式生物。为了探究蛋白质磷酸化修饰在不同温度下衰老过程中的作用,我们对20℃(常温)和25℃(高温)培养条件下成年时期第1天、第5天、第10天的秀丽隐杆线虫样品进行了磷酸化组学分析工作。我们采用基于DIA的非标定量分析方法,系统地比较了不同样品间的磷酸化组学差异。共9 145条高可信度的磷酸化肽段被鉴定到,对应3 317个磷酸化蛋白质。经过筛选,最终6 624条磷酸化肽段被定量到,其中有1 093条显著变化的磷酸化肽段,来自于858个磷酸化蛋白质,包含1 426个磷酸化位点,通过进一步的生物信息学分析,揭示了衰老过程中的磷酸化变化规律。     

丙酮酸激酶M1和M2的表达水平与结肠癌发展相关性研究

研究旨在探讨丙酮酸激酶M1(pyruvate kinase M1,PKM1)、丙酮酸激酶M2(pyruvate kinase M2,PKM2)在不同结肠癌细胞中表达情况与结肠癌发展的相关性。通过Western blot、实时荧光定量PCR、丙酮酸激酶活性分析,检测不同恶性程度结肠癌细胞中PKM1、PKM2的蛋白与基因表达水平及丙酮酸激酶活性,分析它们与结肠癌恶性程度的相关性。PKM1和PKM2在人结肠癌细胞和正常结肠上皮细胞中均有表达;PKM1及PKM2的总蛋白和mRNA表达情况与人结肠癌恶性程度无明显相关性;细胞核中PKM1与PKM2的表达量比值与结肠癌恶性程度呈负相关;丙酮酸激酶活性与结肠癌恶性程度呈正相关。细胞核中PKM1与PKM2的表达量比值可以作为结肠癌恶性评价的一个指标。     

新型冠状病毒膜蛋白的生物信息学分析

为了研究新型冠状病毒膜蛋白(SARS-CoV-2 M蛋白)结构及性质.基于生物信息学分析M蛋白质基因结构、二级结构和三级结构、翻译后的修饰和进化历程.结果表明,M蛋白为疏水性蛋白,其基因编码区长度为669bp,编码222个氨基酸;M蛋白启动子区内不存在甲基化位点,存在17潜在的转录因子结合位点;其二级结构以无规则卷曲和β折叠为主,不含外分泌信号肽,存在3个跨膜结构域、2对二硫键、37个磷酸化位点、1个N连接的糖基化位点和6个B细胞抗原结合位点;进化树分析表明,SARS-CoV-2 M蛋白与蝙蝠冠状病毒的M蛋白具有同源性.此结果为深入研究其结构与功能提供了理论数据,也为疫情防治提供了参考依据.     

油菜中—未知BnRCH蛋白的E3连接酶活性分析

利用本实验室前期以ATP6为诱饵蛋白,通过酵母双杂交系统筛选到的一个N端含有RINGv结构(RING-variant)的蛋白,暂命名为BnRCH,构建GTK-BnRCH表达载体在原核细胞E.coli BL21(DE3)中高效表达GST-BnRCH融合蛋白,并将纯化的融合蛋白加入体外泛素反应体系,发现BnRCH在ATP、泛素、E1、E2存在的条件下,能催化多聚泛素化形成,具有E3连接酶活性.     

植物脱落酸信号转导研究进展

本文从脱落酸(ABA)结合位点与受体、Ca~(2 )信号系统、蛋白质的可逆磷酸化、磷酸肌醇系统及 G 蛋白等几个方面介绍了脱落酸信号转导的研究进展。     

油菜中一未知BnRCH蛋白的E3连接酶活性分析

利用本实验室前期以ATP6为诱饵蛋白,通过酵母双杂交系统筛选到的一个N端含有RINGv结构(RINGvariant)的蛋白,暂命名为BnRCH,构建GTKBnRCH表达载体在原核细胞E.coli BL21(DE3)中高效表达GSTBnRCH融合蛋白,并将纯化的融合蛋白加入体外泛素反应体系,发现BnRCH在ATP、泛素、E1、E2存在的条件下,能催化多聚泛素化形成,具有E3连接酶活性.     

新型TRK激酶小分子抑制剂的筛选与验证

原肌球蛋白相关激酶(Tropomyosin-Related Kinase,TRK)属于受体酪氨酸激酶家族,具有调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、代谢等作用.在多种肿瘤细胞中发现TRK激酶编码基因NTRK的融合现象,TRK蛋白过表达或激酶活性组成性激活促进了肿瘤的发生发展.以TRK激酶为靶标的小分子抑制剂正处于研发之中,如Entrectinib等.本研究以Entrectinib为阳性对照,从小分子化合物库中筛选得到Crizotinib、LY2874455等7个新颖的TRK激酶小分子抑制剂,结构计算提示Dovitinib等4个化合物均属于ATP竞争性抑制剂.在NTRK1基因融合的KM12细胞体外增殖实验中,全部的TRK激酶抑制剂均能抑制细胞增殖,且LY2874455最为显著.在细胞的联合用药实验中,发现Crizotinib与Entrectinib的联用具有协同作用.     

磁感应热疗联合艾迪对Daudi细胞作用的研究

 为研究磁感应热疗联合艾迪注射液对人淋巴瘤Daudi细胞的作用,首先进行磁性介质对Daudi细胞生物相容性的研究以及磁性介质升温性能的检测,运用CCK-8法测出不同艾迪药物质量浓度对细胞增殖率的影响选出本实验工作浓度,将对数生长期的人淋巴瘤细胞Daudi分别暴露于磁场、艾迪注射液、磁场与艾迪联合作用下,采用流式细胞技术分析各组实验作用下对细胞凋亡、细胞周期的影响。结果表明：本实验选用的不锈钢空心球具有良好的发热效率以及细胞相容性;本研究选用75 mg/mL作为工作浓度;磁感应热疗作用Daudi细胞后,细胞存活率为（78.48±0.95）%,联合艾迪注射液治疗后,细胞存活率为（9.25±2.05）%（P<0.01）;磁感应热疗联合艾迪注射液能够增加细胞凋亡率,而对细胞周期改变不明显。由此可知,磁感应热疗磁性介质应用于淋巴瘤治疗在细胞水平是可行的;磁感应热疗单独使用可以诱导Daudi细胞凋亡,艾迪注射液与其联合应用时能表现出协同抗淋巴瘤细胞作用。     

HIV-1 Nef inhibits ASK1-dependent death signalling providing a potential mechanism for protecting the infected host cell

In vivo infection of lymphatic tissues by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to enhanced apoptosis, which prominently involves uninfected bystander cells. Increased killing of such bystander cells is mediated in part through Nef induction of Fas ligand (FasL) expression on the surface of the virally infected T cells. The subsequent interaction of FasL with Fas (CD95) displayed on neighbouring cells, including HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, may lead to bystander cell killing and thus forms an important mechanism of immune evasion. As HIV-1 also enhances Fas expression on virally infected cells, it is unclear how these hosts avoid rapid cell-autonomous apoptosis mediated through cis ligation of Fas by FasL. Here we show that HIV-1 Nef associates with and inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a serine/threonine kinase that forms a common and key signalling intermediate in the Fas and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) death-signalling pathways. The interaction of Nef with ASK1 inhibits both Fas- and TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis, as well as the activation of the downstream c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. Our findings reveal a strategy by which HIV-1 Nef promotes the killing of bystander cells through the induction of FasL, while simultaneously protecting the HIV-1-infected host cell from these same pro-apoptotic signals through its interference with ASK1 function.     

白花蛇舌草提取物体外抗肿瘤作用及机制研究

目的　研究中药白花蛇舌草提取物对Bel 7402细胞抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制.方法　采用MTT法和集落形成实验检测白花蛇舌草提取物对Bel 7402细胞生长的抑制作用;采用淋巴细胞转化实验检测白花蛇舌草提取物对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖的刺激作用,并筛选出药物的安全剂量范围;采用透射电镜初步观察药物作用后Bel 7402细胞的形态变化.结果　1)MTT比色实验、集落形成实验的结果表明,白花蛇舌草提取物对Bel 7402细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,且这种作用是剂量依赖关系,IC50为1.6g/L;2)透射电镜观察表明,药物作用后的Bel 7402肿瘤细胞的体积变小,核分裂像显著减少,没有明显的凋亡现象;细胞核固缩,异染色质块状聚集浓染,线粒体变大变圆,基质变淡,线粒体嵴变短变少甚至消失,在极度肿胀时,线粒体转化为小空泡状结构,并有细胞膜破损现象.结论　1)白花蛇舌草提取物可能通过直接影响肿瘤细胞能量代谢,对Bel 7402细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖关系;2)白花蛇舌草提取物具有促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的作用.     

Programmed elimination of cells by caspase-independent cell extrusion in C. elegans

The elimination of unnecessary or defective cells from metazoans occurs during normal development and tissue homeostasis, as well as in response to infection or cellular damage. Although many cells are removed through caspase-mediated apoptosis followed by phagocytosis by engulfing cells, other mechanisms of cell elimination occur, including the extrusion of cells from epithelia through a poorly understood, possibly caspase-independent, process. Here we identify a mechanism of cell extrusion that is caspase independent and that can eliminate a subset of the Caenorhabditis elegans cells programmed to die during embryonic development. In wild-type animals, these cells die soon after their generation through caspase-mediated apoptosis. However, in mutants lacking all four C. elegans caspase genes, these cells are eliminated by being extruded from the developing embryo into the extra-embryonic space of the egg. The shed cells show apoptosis-like cytological and morphological characteristics, indicating that apoptosis can occur in the absence of caspases in C. elegans. We describe a kinase pathway required for cell extrusion involving PAR-4, STRD-1 and MOP-25.1/-25.2, the C. elegans homologues of the mammalian tumour-suppressor kinase LKB1 and its binding partners STRADα and MO25α. The AMPK-related kinase PIG-1, a possible target of the PAR-4–STRD-1–MOP-25 kinase complex, is also required for cell shedding. PIG-1 promotes shed-cell detachment by preventing the cell-surface expression of cell-adhesion molecules. Our findings reveal a mechanism for apoptotic cell elimination that is fundamentally distinct from that of canonical programmed cell death.     

BAD and glucokinase reside in a mitochondrial complex that integrates glycolysis and apoptosis

Glycolysis and apoptosis are considered major but independent pathways that are critical for cell survival. The activity of BAD, a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, is regulated by phosphorylation in response to growth/survival factors. Here we undertook a proteomic analysis to assess whether BAD might also participate in mitochondrial physiology. In liver mitochondria, BAD resides in a functional holoenzyme complex together with protein kinase A and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic units, Wiskott-Aldrich family member WAVE-1 as an A kinase anchoring protein, and glucokinase (hexokinase IV). BAD is required to assemble the complex in that Bad-deficient hepatocytes lack this complex, resulting in diminished mitochondria-based glucokinase activity and blunted mitochondrial respiration in response to glucose. Glucose deprivation results in dephosphorylation of BAD, and BAD-dependent cell death. Moreover, the phosphorylation status of BAD helps regulate glucokinase activity. Mice deficient for BAD or bearing a non-phosphorylatable BAD(3SA) mutant display abnormal glucose homeostasis including profound defects in glucose tolerance. This combination of proteomics, genetics and physiology indicates an unanticipated role for BAD in integrating pathways of glucose metabolism and apoptosis.