聚集诱导发光材料研究进展

传统的有机光功能材料在聚集状态下,荧光通常会减弱或淬灭,制约了有机光电功能材料的实际应用.具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的化合物在聚集状态下,通过分子组成、结构和堆积模式的调节实现荧光增强,弥补了传统光功能材料在该方面的不足,在电致发光、固体激光、荧光传感与生物成像等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.该文主要介绍了目前研究最全面、适用范围最广的分子内旋转受限、分子内振动受限、分子内运动受限和形成J-聚集体等机制.同时分类介绍了一些基于分子结构和组成的AIE化合物.     

基于苯并咪唑的超分子金属有机凝胶及其刺激响应性能研究

合成了一种基于羧基功能化的苯并咪唑类有机凝胶因子(C11).该凝胶因子在水-乙醇体系中不仅能自组装成超分子有机凝胶(C11-OG),而且与银离子络合后可以自组装成具有多重刺激响应性能的金属凝胶(Ag-MG).有机凝胶C11-OG和金属凝胶Ag-MG都具有凝聚态荧光增强(AIEE)的性能.金属凝胶Ag-MG可对温度、EDTA和Na_2S的刺激进行可逆的溶液-凝胶变化响应及荧光响应.此外,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)研究了其刺激响应机理.     

一种三苯胺衍生物的合成及其聚集诱导发光性能

具有聚集诱导发光性能的材料具有广泛的应用,引起了越来越多的关注,通过Knoevenagel反应,设计并合成了一个新的含三苯胺供电子基的发光材料。在证实了合成产物的结构后,研究了化合物在不同溶剂中和固体状态下的光物理性质。结果表明,该化合物具有明显的聚集诱导发光性能,其在聚集状态尤其是在固体状态荧光明显增强。对化合物的聚集发光现象做了详细的研究并阐述了其可能存在的机理。     

夹层构型抛光金属衬底表面的吖啶橙荧光增强效应

选择在生命科学和医学临床上具有实际应用价值的吖啶橙(Acridine Orange, AO)作为荧光活性分子, 利用激光光谱技术研究夹层构型中机械抛光金属衬底对固/液界面AO分子的表面增强荧光效应. 发现银和铝表面均对AO的荧光辐射具有明显的增强作用, 实验探测到的衬底对荧光强度的增强倍数可达20倍左右. 相比之下铜衬底表面对AO分子的荧光增强效果则不明显. 研究结果还表明, 机械抛光金属表面的增强荧光效应不仅与金属本身的光学性质密切相关, 还强烈依赖于衬底的表面构形. 根据实验观测结果, 应用局域场增强理论对其荧光增强现象进行了分析, 并探讨了影响增强效应的物理因素.     

基于四苯乙烯衍生物的合成、表征及光学性能研究

以4,4-二羟基二苯甲酮和三甲基氯硅烷为原料,在四氯化钛和锌粉的催化作用下,合成得到了一种新型的四苯乙烯衍生物,通过质谱、元素分析、核磁氢谱对该配合物进行了充分表征,并对该化合物进行了荧光性能的研究.结果表明,该化合物在四氢呋喃溶液中荧光非常微弱,当四氢呋喃与惰性溶剂水按照9:1和1:9比例配比时,荧光发射峰急速增强,且发生了红移现象.这一点充分说明,由于惰性溶剂水的加入,促使化合物发生了聚集现象,聚集效应诱导了该化合物的荧光强度(AIE效应),为以后的固体材料的研究奠定了基础.     

基于芘希夫碱的汞离子荧光探针的合成与性能研究

以4-氯-7-硝基苯并呋咱（NBD-Cl）和芘甲醛为原料,设计合成了一种荧光化合物芘苯并呋咱类希夫碱,并通过核磁、质谱对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明:在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）水溶液中,该化合物能够对Hg2+表现出荧光增强响应,而相同条件下其他重金属离子对该化合物几乎没有类似的荧光识别现象. 因此,该荧光化合物对Hg2+具有专一荧光识别作用,是一种有效的Hg2+荧光探针.     

几种基于聚集诱导发射效应的荧光探针合成及性能研究

聚集诱导发射(aggregation-induced emission)即AIE效应自提出后,引起了广大研究者的注意,在医学、化学、传感等领域有着重要的应用.本研究中设计合成一系列基于吖啶的聚集诱导发射效应的荧光探针,分别为TPA-SADI、TPE-SADI、TBNA和TSNA,并通过核磁和质谱对其结构进行表征.荧光光谱研究发现化合物TPA-SADI和TSNA有较好的荧光聚集效应,同时分析不同结构对聚集诱导发射荧光的影响,例如发色团与桥联基团结构的改变.当存在分子内电荷转移时,会降低AIEgen的荧光强度,而离域π键等形成可以增强AIEgen的荧光。这些研究为聚集诱导发射荧光探针的设计合成提供了可参考的理论基础.     

荧光光谱研究强聚电解质在稀水溶液中的行为

用萘和芘单或双标记，共聚合成了一系列电荷密度不同的磺酸基强聚电解质，通过萘，芘之间的非辐能量转移，标记芘的激基缔合物荧光强度与单体态荧光强度之比（IE／IM）,荧光衰减，荧光猝灭，芘发射光谱的第一与第三峰荧光强度比（I1／I3）等一系列荧光测定，研究了聚电解质溶液的性质，结果表明，在低于聚电解质接触浓度C^*的稀溶液内，可观察到强聚电解质聚集现象，该现象可用Manning的反离子凝聚与聚电解质聚集理论给予定性的说明。     

基于聚集诱导发光原理研究三苯胺醛-丙二腈复合物的电化学发光效应

基于聚集诱导发光（AIE）原理研究了三苯胺醛-丙二腈（MT）复合物的电化学发光（ECL）效应,成功合成MT复合物,研究其在水/二甲基亚砜（H₂O/DMSO）体系和牛血清蛋白（BSA）体系中的荧光增强效应.MT溶解于不同配比的H₂O/DMSO时,体系中的聚集效果也不同,随着水含量的增加,荧光效应逐步增强,ECL强度也逐步增强.同时,因为BSA本身具有疏水和亲水基团,当BSA与有机物混合时,疏水部分将复合物包裹在一起,限制其分子中基团的振动和转动,通过BSA体系进行聚集诱导能够观察到非常明显的荧光增强效应及ECL增强效应.文章结合聚集诱导效应和ECL,为ECL探针的研究提供了新的思路.     

水溶性聚对芳撑乙炔在传感中的荧光猝灭

具有较高荧光量子产率,并且在水溶液中聚集很弱的阳离子型水溶性聚对芳撑乙炔(P1)是一种潜在的高灵敏荧光传感材料.通过比较研究多价无机抗衡离子和具有表面活性剂性质的抗衡离子对P1聚集态的影响,以及P1与3个具有相似结构的有机小分子猝灭剂之间的荧光猝灭效应,深入探讨了水溶性共轭聚合物荧光猝灭传感的猝灭剂构效关系.     

有机农药光催化降解研究进展

有机农药一般光稳定性好,属生物难降解性有机物,在使用中易对周围生物种群及人类的健康带来危害.农药污染逐渐受到人们的关注,农药降解也成为研究的热点课题之一.利用高级氧化技术中的光催化方法降解有机农药是近年来兴起的一门绿色及高效新技术.本文从有机农药降解处理意义,有机农药分类和基本特性及常规处理方法等几个方面,综述了TiO...     

Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system

Continental erosion controls atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on geological timescales through silicate weathering, riverine transport and subsequent burial of organic carbon in oceanic sediments. The efficiency of organic carbon deposition in sedimentary basins is however limited by the organic carbon load capacity of the sediments and organic carbon oxidation in continental margins. At the global scale, previous studies have suggested that about 70 per cent of riverine organic carbon is returned to the atmosphere, such as in the Amazon basin. Here we present a comprehensive organic carbon budget for the Himalayan erosional system, including source rocks, river sediments and marine sediments buried in the Bengal fan. We show that organic carbon export is controlled by sediment properties, and that oxidative loss is negligible during transport and deposition to the ocean. Our results indicate that 70 to 85 per cent of the organic carbon is recent organic matter captured during transport, which serves as a net sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. The amount of organic carbon deposited in the Bengal basin represents about 10 to 20 per cent of the total terrestrial organic carbon buried in oceanic sediments. High erosion rates in the Himalayas generate high sedimentation rates and low oxygen availability in the Bay of Bengal that sustain the observed extreme organic carbon burial efficiency. Active orogenic systems generate enhanced physical erosion and the resulting organic carbon burial buffers atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, thereby exerting a negative feedback on climate over geological timescales.     

离子液体作为脂肪酶生物催化绿色反应介质的研究进展

综述了离子液体作为脂肪酶生物催化绿色反应介质在转酯、氨解、酯化和水解等反应体系的最新研究进展,分析了离子液体对脂肪酶生物催化行为的影响.结果表明,离子液体作为绿色反应介质在生物转化工业中有着非常广阔的应用前景.由于人们对离子液体与酶相互作用机理还不甚了解,有许多关键问题需要进一步探讨.     

Growth dynamics of pentacene thin films

The recent demonstration of single-crystal organic optoelectronic devices has received widespread attention. But practical applications of such devices require the use of inexpensive organic films deposited on a wide variety of substrates. Unfortunately, the physical properties of these organic thin films do not compare favourably to those of single-crystal materials. Moreover, the basic physical principles governing organic thin-film growth and crystallization are not well understood. Here we report an in situ study of the evolution of pentacene thin films, utilizing the real-time imaging capabilities of photoelectron emission microscopy. By a combination of careful substrate preparation and surface energy control, we succeed in growing thin films with single-crystal grain sizes approaching 0.1 millimetre (a factor of 20-100 larger than previously achieved), which are large enough to fully contain a complete device. We find that organic thin-film growth closely mimics epitaxial growth of inorganic materials, and we expect that strategies and concepts developed for these inorganic systems will provide guidance for the further development and optimization of molecular thin-film devices.     

Progress in photonic and optoelectronic active polymers and organic solids

The progress of the researches in photonic and optoelectronic active polymers and organic solids in recent two decades is reviewed with particular attention to the excellent achievements of Chinese scientists. The recent progress in the areas of conducting polymers, organic light-emitting diodes, photoelectric conversion material, material for information storage, and nonlinear optical polymers is introduced. The peculiarities of organic photonic and optoelectronic active materials are briefly compared with those of inorganic photonic and optoelectronic materials.     

白细胞介素-1的结构、来源、分布、功能及其与疾病的关系

白细胞介素-1(IL-1)不仅作为一种重要的细胞因子,是体内调节免疫和炎症反应的中心介质,而且它也作为神经递质或生长因子参与了机体多个系统的病理生理活动,其生物学作用非常广泛.近年来,随着对神经系统、免疫系统和内分泌系统之间相互作用研究的日益深入,IL-1在各系统中的作用与机制也得到了相应的证实,并为一些临床疾病的诊治提供了有力依据.文章针对IL-1作为脑源性白介素在中枢神经系统的病理生理功能进行了研究.     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复及其机理研究

近年来,作为一种成本低廉、对环境友好的修复方法,重金属污染土壤的植物修复成为环境修复领域的研究热点.早期的研究侧重于超富集植物的发现与实际应用,近来超富集植物重金属富集机理的研究得到了重视.尽管重金属植物累积的生化机制尚未能被完整阐述,但在土壤重金属生物活性、超富集植物重金属的吸收、转运、储存等方面还是取得了大量进展.综述了近年来国内外相关研究工作成果,探讨了该研究领域存在的主要问题,认为在有机鳌合剂如有机酸与氨基酸等对重金属活性、耐性和离子迁移转运系统中所起作用等方面尚需要深入研究.如果在植物重金属吸收、迁移、解毒机理及其影响因素等重金属富集的关键方面能取得进展,则将大大丰富污染土壤重金属修复的研究与应用领域.     

Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture

Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts. Organic farming—a system aimed at producing food with minimal harm to ecosystems, animals or humans—is often proposed as a solution. However, critics argue that organic agriculture may have lower yields and would therefore need more land to produce the same amount of food as conventional farms, resulting in more widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss, and thus undermining the environmental benefits of organic practices. Here we use a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine the relative yield performance of organic and conventional farming systems globally. Our analysis of available data shows that, overall, organic yields are typically lower than conventional yields. But these yield differences are highly contextual, depending on system and site characteristics, and range from 5% lower organic yields (rain-fed legumes and perennials on weak-acidic to weak-alkaline soils), 13% lower yields (when best organic practices are used), to 34% lower yields (when the conventional and organic systems are most comparable). Under certain conditions—that is, with good management practices, particular crop types and growing conditions—organic systems can thus nearly match conventional yields, whereas under others it at present cannot. To establish organic agriculture as an important tool in sustainable food production, the factors limiting organic yields need to be more fully understood, alongside assessments of the many social, environmental and economic benefits of organic farming systems.     

酵母双杂交系统的研究进展

酵母双杂交系统自创建以来,已成为研究蛋白质相互作用的重要手段,揭示了大量未知蛋白质之间的相互作用。随着该系统的广泛应用,近年来又发展了三杂交系统、单杂交系统、逆向双杂交系统、SOS富集系统等。酵母双杂交及其衍生系统已经成功地运用于蛋白质之间,蛋白质与DNA、RNA、配体之间相互作用的研究。