PVC共混膜制备及其在造纸黑液处理中的应用(英文)

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为膜材料,二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚丙烯腈(PAN)为高分子添加物,研制出PVC/PAN共混膜,讨论了PVC、PAN的共混比例对共混膜性能的影响。同时,考察了PVC/PAN共混膜在处理造纸废水中的应用。实验结果表明:PVC/PAN共混膜的水通量和截留率可达到537.6(L/m2.h)和85.4%,并随PAN共混比例的增加,膜的水通量增加,截留率减小。通过电镜观察,共混膜具有不对称结构。当PAN含量为4%时,共混膜处理造纸黑液的效率较高,出水稳定,黑液的COD、色度去除率分别可达83.2%和90.8%,黑液的浊度和SS等指标也大幅降低。     

PVC共混膜制备及其在造纸黑液处理中的应用

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为膜材料，二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）为溶剂，聚丙烯腈（PAN）为高分子添加物，研制出PVC／PAN共混膜，讨论了PVC、PAN的共混比例对共混膜性能的影响。同时，考察了PVC／PAN共混膜在处理造纸废水中的应用。实验结果表明：PVC／PAN共混膜的水通量和截留率可达到537．6（L／m^2·h）和85．4％，并随PAN共混比例的增加，膜的水通量增加，截留率减小。通过电镜观察，共混膜具有不对称结构。当PAN含量为4％时，共混膜处理造纸黑液的效率较高，出水稳定，黑液的COD、色度去除率分别可达83．2％和90．8％，黑液的浊度和ss等指标也大幅降低。     

不同阻燃剂与PAN共混阻燃的效果比较

采用不同阻燃剂与PAN聚合物共混,制备出多种具有一定阻燃效果的共混物,其中十溴联苯醚与三氧化二锑混合物与PAN聚合物共混的阻燃效果最好.进一步实验发现,水洗后十溴联苯醚在聚合物中的浓度降低,引起阻燃效果下降,无法作为PAN的理想共混阻燃材料.硫氰酸根插层水滑石与PAN共混的红外光谱和X射线衍射分析表明:在共混过程中,有部分聚丙烯腈大分子插入到了水滑石片层之间,水滑石层间距有一定程度的增大;并且由PAN/SCN-LDH共混制得的聚丙烯腈样品其晶态有序性有所降低,说明两者之间形成纳米插层共混,共混方式较理想,但阻燃效果仍有待提高.     

高相对分子质量PAN纺丝溶液的流变性能研究

研究了高相对分子质量PAN纺丝溶液的制备工艺,讨论了影响纺丝溶液的流动曲线、非牛顿指数、结构粘度指数、孔口膨化比等的主要因素,为确定合理的PAN基碳纤维原丝生产工艺提供了科学依据.     

聚丙烯/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物/聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐共混体系的流变性能

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,采用双螺杆共混法制备聚丙烯/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(PP/EVOH)共混物.利用毛细管流变仪研究PP/EVOH共混物的流变行为,研究了共混物配比、剪切速率和温度对流体的剪切应力、表观黏度、非牛顿指数和黏流活化能等方面的影响.结果表明,EVOH的加入降低了共混体系的剪切应力和表观黏度,温度在低剪切速率时对表观黏度的影响较大.     

静电纺PVDF/PAN共混纳米纤维膜对含油污水的过滤性能

制备不同共混比的静电纺聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯腈(PVDF/PAN)纳米纤维膜.应用扫描电子显微镜分析膜的表面形态,并测试共混纤维膜的亲水性、孔径及对自制乳化油污水的过滤效率.试验结果表明:随着PAN共混比例的增加,共混膜的纤维直径减小;共混膜的水接触角随PAN共混比例的增加呈明显下降趋势,下降幅度为30°,亲水性改善效果明显;共混膜的平均孔径为0.784~2.070μm;测得共混膜的纯水通量为4 019~5 340L/(m~2·h),约是PVDF商品超滤膜的30倍;共混膜对乳化油的截留率最高达到95.31%,稍小于PVDF商品超滤膜的97%.     

乙烯-辛烯共聚物/淀粉共混物的非等温热解动力学

利用动态热重分析(TG)技术对乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)/糊化蜡质玉米淀粉(GWCS)共混物在惰性气体条件下的热性能和非等温热解动力学进行了分析,探讨了其热解机理.结果表明,随着淀粉含量的增加,POE/GWCS共混物的热失重曲线向低温方向移动,材料的外延起始温度降低,即材料的热稳定性降低,说明淀粉的加入降低了聚合物的耐热性能.随着升温速率的增加,POE/GWCS共混物最大热分解速率对应的温度向高温方向移动,最大热分解速率增大.采用Kissinger和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa两种方法进行热解动力学分析,发现随着淀粉含量增加,共混物体系的热分解E/logA值降低,表明淀粉含量对共混物的热稳定性有显著影响.     

聚苯胺与聚乙烯醇共混相容性研究

本文以乳液聚合法合成聚苯胺,分别用N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂溶解本征态聚苯胺(PAN)、水溶解聚乙烯醇(PVA),再通过共混浇铸制备PAN-PVA共混膜.用差热分析法和扫描电镜对共混膜进行共混相容性研究,实验结果表明它们共混后具有很好的相容性.并初步探讨了PAN-PVA共混膜的静电屏蔽效应.     

HEC/CMC复配溶液协同效应的流变学研究

为了研究不同类型纤维素醚之间的协同效应,采用黏度和动态力学测试方法,以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)与羧甲基纤维素(CMC)复配体系为研究对象,通过对两种纤维素醚按不同质量比例复配水溶液的表观黏度、流变性及动态力学参数的变化,分析离子/非离子型纤维素醚间相互作用的机理.实验结果表明,HEC/CMC复配体系可以形成协同增黏效应并且降低触变性,提高溶液微观结构稳定性.协同作用在m(HEC)∶m(CMC)接近1∶1时趋于明显;当m(HEC)∶m(CMC)为2∶1时,可部分形成共用电子域效应;当m(HEC)∶m(CMC)为1∶2时,组分间协同作用较弱,溶液结构稳定性相对较差.     

羟乙基纤维素/NaOH溶液体系动态黏度特性

碱溶性羟乙基纤维素(HEC)具有独特的碱溶性和成纤性能,采用气固相反应制备碱溶性HEC.研究了碱溶性HEC纺丝原液在不同温度、不同质量分数和不同角频率下的动态黏度特性,表明HEC/NaOH溶液为切力变稀的非牛顿流体.溶液动态黏度随HEC质量分数的增加呈非线性增大.由于HEC的半刚性分子链,溶液黏度对角频率,尤其对温度的变化不敏感.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.