烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

高温下的H型截面钢框架耐火性能影响因素有限元分析

在有限元模拟的基础上,介绍了高温下的钢框架在随着温度增加,结构呈现出不同的热效应,采用数值模拟软件对不同影响因素下的两层两跨H型截面钢框架耐火性能的研究,包括不同模型在不同高跨比下对钢框架结构力学性能的对比分析,以及不同模型在不同荷载种类与荷载大小下对钢框架结构力学响应的比较,研究表明:通过有限元分析能够得出,高跨比较大的钢框架对结构有利,转动约束刚度较小的钢框架结构力学性能较好。研究成果可为高温下的钢框架选优提供参考价值。     

基于改进三弯矩方程的钢-混凝土混合变截面连续梁桥钢箱梁段合理长度研究

为简便估算恒载作用下钢-混凝土混合梁变截面连续梁合理钢箱梁长度,基于现有三弯矩方程推导了适用于变截面连续梁的改进三弯矩方程,建立了基于改进三弯矩方程的变截面连续梁弯矩简化计算方法,并采用MATLAB软件编制了计算程序。构建了不同跨径的变截面钢-混凝土混合连续梁桥标准结构,运用改进三弯矩方程分析了恒载作用下不同跨径钢-混凝土混合连续梁桥关键截面弯矩随钢箱梁段长度变化的规律,建立了主跨跨径150m~300m间钢-混凝土混合变截面连续梁桥钢箱梁段合理长度预估公式。不同跨径的钢-混凝土混合连续梁的墩顶负弯矩和跨中正弯矩均随钢箱梁段长度的增大而减小;主跨跨径150m、200m、250m、300m的变截面钢-混凝土混合连续梁桥钢箱梁段长度与主跨跨径的比例分别为0.35、0.40、0.40、0.45时,主跨跨中正弯矩减小趋势变缓;研究结果表明：基于改进三弯矩方程的变截面连续梁弯矩计算结果与有限元计算结果的偏差小于10%,可便捷且准确地计算恒载下变截面连续梁弯矩;预估公式计算得到的钢箱梁段合理长度与实桥使用的钢箱梁段长度之间的误差在12.5%以内,预估公式具有良好适用性。     

基于固端弯矩相等原则的等效荷载法

为提高工程结构力学分析的效率,提出了一种基于固端弯矩相等原则的计算方法。首先,基于固端弯矩相等的原则,研究在对称集中荷载和三角形分布荷载作用下单跨超静定梁的等效荷载施加方法,并导出梁在非常规荷载作用下固端弯矩的实用计算公式。然后,将超静定单跨梁的荷载形式推广至更任意的集中荷载和分布荷载等情况,并探讨了任意多集中荷载作用下单跨超静定梁的等效荷载施加方法和通用计算公式。最后,通过多跨连续梁和框架结构算例验证了所提方法具有较好的计算效果。算例结果表明,基于提出的等效荷载法可快速得到单跨超静定梁的固端弯矩,从而可高效准确地确定结构的真实内力分布。研究成果表明了利用等效荷载实现高效求解的可行性,它为力矩分配法及其它力学分析问题提供了一条高效便捷的思路。     

均布荷载作用下简支组合梁受力机理分析

为了揭示组合梁在均布荷载作用下的受力机理,考虑弯曲和滑移耦合变形,建立组合梁滑移受力机理模型.首先,以单跨简支组合梁为研究对象,探讨组合梁变形与滑移规律、横截面内力分布及结合部传力机理;然后,分析截面尺度、界面刚度与荷载加载面对组合梁受力机理的影响.结果表明：混凝土板抗剪和抗弯作用在房建组合梁中较明显,在桥梁组合梁中可忽略;随着界面刚度比的增加,简支组合梁的曲率、转角、挠度和滑移均减小;混凝土板和钢梁轴力同步增大,混凝土板剪力增大而钢梁剪力减小,混凝土板、钢梁弯矩减小而轴力力偶增大;结合部界面切向力增大而界面法向力基本不变;相较于按自质量分配荷载,均布荷载由混凝土板承担时界面压力增大,由钢梁承担时则界面受拉,应注意验算界面抗拉拔性能.     

高速铁路下承式钢箱系杆拱结合桥的受力分析

为了了解下承式系杆拱结合桥的受力性能,根据武广客运专线某140 m下承式钢箱系杆拱结合桥,设计制作1个比例尺为1-8的全桥试验模型,并对桥梁在全桥均布、半桥均布、全桥偏载、半桥偏载和超载共5种工况进行加载试验和分析.研究结果表明:在均布荷载作用下,半桥加载方式引起的竖向挠度约为全桥加载时的2倍;在偏载作用时,重载侧与轻载侧竖向挠度之比小于它们的荷载之比;在受力上,拱肋、系梁和纵梁的半桥均布加载都比全桥均布加载时更不利;对于横梁,端横梁梁端面内接近固结,其他横梁梁端面内接近铰结,面外弯曲问题则可通过采用箱型横梁和加大端横梁截面尺寸等措施加以缓解;刚性吊杆既受轴拉作用,也受弯曲作用,以端吊杆受力最为不利,设计时需引起注意;混凝土板的受力状态以第一系统引起的轴拉作用与竖向荷载引起的弯曲作用为主,采用3%以上的高配筋率时裂缝宽度能得到有效控制.     

过焊孔对H型钢柱梁节点受力性能的影响

针对过焊孔对柱梁节点受力性能影响的相关研究较少,通过试验和有限元分析,研究过焊孔对T形柱梁节点各组成部分的力学性能的影响。结果如下：增大节点域的强度,不利于构件的变形性能,但可以提高构件的最大承载力。柱梁节点处过焊孔影响分析模型（analysis model,AM）的梁弯矩荷载分布。在梁柱节点的梁端部位,因过焊孔应力易集中,梁腹板弯矩荷载偏大。在梁端轴向0~80 mm范围内,梁腹板弯矩荷载相对小,其中,梁端轴向接近35 mm处的梁腹板弯矩荷载最小。在梁端轴向0~80 mm范围内,梁翼缘弯矩荷载相对大,这是由于受过焊孔影响引起的梁腹板承载能力递减、过焊孔周围应力易集中及外荷载作用不变等原因导致的;且梁腹板承担的荷载越小,梁端轴向对应处的梁翼缘承担的荷载越大。节点域强度变化与AM模型的梁端腹板承担的剪力荷载呈正相关,节点域强度越小,梁端腹板承担的剪力荷载也越小。     

约束条件下钢梁的整体稳定分析

假定周围介质的约束反力与型钢的位移成正比,通过理论分析推导了约束整体稳定计算式.结果表明,周围介质的侧向约束作用显著提高了钢梁的整体稳定承载力,计算长度超过某一界限长度后其临界弯矩不再降低.     

典型局部钢框架结构变形机理分析

为了研究钢框架弹性变形与柱、梁变形之间的一般规律,以常见的钢框架结构中的柱、梁连接处十字形局部框架作为分析模型,以柱梁刚度比、楼层高跨比、梁柱截面高度比以及H型截面构件任一侧翼缘与腹板的截面积比等为主要研究参数,通过受力与变形分析,探讨了典型局部钢框架的力学机理。结果表明:局部框架变形中,柱变形与总变形比值,随柱梁刚度比和梁柱截面高度比的增大而减小;随着框架楼层高跨比的增大而增大;而梁变形与总变形比值,随柱梁刚度比和梁柱截面高度比的增大而增大;随着框架楼层高跨比的增大而减小;柱为H型截面时柱变形与总变形比值有增大的趋势。     

螺栓拼接钢梁的抗弯性能

对具有螺栓拼接的H型钢梁进行抗弯性能试验.考虑了拼接板上不同螺栓数量对节点性能的影响,研究了拼接节点的破坏特点、抗弯强度和刚度.研究发现拼接螺栓的初始滑移对节点后续阶段的承载力和刚度产生了明显不利的影响,拼接截面应变分布不再符合平截面假定;相比无拼接H型钢梁,翼缘拼接板受力更大,钢梁挠度更大;翼缘拼接板先于H型钢梁翼缘进入屈服,但是拼接节点的极限弯矩试验值可达到H型钢梁的全截面屈服弯矩的计算值;螺栓滑移后的拼接节点不能简单地按照刚接处理.提出了考虑节点转动刚度影响的H型钢梁挠度计算方法与公式,并得到了试验数据的验证.     

两端不可移简支弹性梁在横向非均匀升温下的热屈曲分析

基于可伸长梁的几何非线性理论和打靶法 ,研究了两端不可移简支弹性梁在横向线性变化非均匀升温下的热弹性过屈曲响应 .重点分析了横向变化的升温对过屈曲平衡路径的影响 ,给出了相应的特性曲线 .结果表明 ,由于横向变化升温会产生热弯曲内力 ,因此平衡路径与有初始缺陷梁的过屈曲平衡路径类似