牛粪高温好氧堆肥中发酵菌剂筛选研究

为研究外源菌剂添加条件下对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响,以不添加菌剂的牛粪为空白对照,设置7个不同发酵菌剂处理,对堆肥过程中的温度、养分、微生物数量和发芽指数4个腐熟指标进行跟踪测定。结果表明:添加发酵菌剂A仅用2 d时间堆肥温度就升至50℃以上、高温阶段能持续9 d,12 d便能完成发酵;其处理后堆肥有机质含量为51.17%,比处理前增加0.86%;全氮含量为1.9%,比处理前仅损失2.6%;其青霉属真菌数量很少,种子发芽指数达到79.0%,堆肥完全腐熟。发酵菌剂F也达到很好的腐熟效果,这两种发酵菌剂均能达到很好的堆肥生产要求,建议推广使用。     

微生物添加剂对烟草废弃物堆肥进程理化指标的影响

为优化废弃烟叶堆肥工艺,提高堆肥发酵温度,降低烟碱含量,本试验通过添加不同微生物菌剂分析其对堆肥温度及理化指标变化的影响.研究结果表明,添加微生物菌剂可促进堆体发酵温度升高,延长发酵时长;堆肥结束后各处理烟碱含量大幅降低,最大降幅高达77.81%,且不同处理间烟碱含量差异较小;氯、钾、还原糖含量及pH值均有所增加.综上所述,添加不同微生物菌剂具有相同的烟碱降解水平,添加3‰发酵菌剂可使堆肥在65℃以上高温维持7 d,因此以废弃烤烟为主要原料开展堆肥的最佳微生物添加剂为3‰的发酵菌.     

炭基微生物菌剂促进牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟过程研究

为评估炭基微生物菌剂促进牛粪好氧堆肥的腐熟效果，以牛粪为原料加入自制炭基微生物菌剂进行为期34 d的堆肥试验，并以纯牛粪为空白对照，研究堆肥过程中理化指标和微生物群落的变化。结果表明，添加炭基微生物菌剂后，1 d内可使堆温达到53 ℃，堆体最高温度为71.7 ℃，较对照组最高温度高出4.6 ℃，且高温期延长3 d。至堆肥结束时，处理组和对照组的含水率、E₄/E₆，GI分别为29%和33%，1.5和1.9，145.5%和127.6%。通过相关性分析得出，累计温度、含水率、pH值等理化指标相关性数值增大为67%，与细菌门水平间相关性数值增加了56%。添加0.1%(w/w)的炭基微生物菌剂可加快腐熟过程，提高微生物多样性，加快微生物群落的演替和对物料的分解代谢，促进腐熟进程，为炭基微生物菌剂在好氧堆肥中的应用提供了理论依据。     

污泥二步法静态好氧堆肥发酵工艺污泥二步

提出二步法好氧静态堆肥发酵工艺,其采用简易的恒温仓式反应器,好氧堆肥的前期通气量较少,中、后期通气量较多.研究结果表明:一步好氧堆肥的腐熟菌剂LA502的最适生长温度是55℃,二步好氧堆肥的腐熟菌剂L501的最适生长温度是60℃；试验中的两次堆肥温度充分覆盖了多种高温腐熟微生物的生长温度范围,并可根据底物腐熟过程的全碳...     

污泥二步法静态好氧堆肥发酵工艺

提出二步法好氧静态堆肥发酵工艺,其采用简易的恒温仓式反应器,好氧堆肥的前期通气量较少,中、后期通气量较多.研究结果表明:一步好氧堆肥的腐熟菌剂LA502的最适生长温度是55℃,二步好氧堆肥的腐熟菌剂L501的最适生长温度是60℃;试验中的两次堆肥温度充分覆盖了多种高温腐熟微生物的生长温度范围,并可根据底物腐熟过程的全碳变化、温度变化、种子发芽率指数实时调整通气量.     

微生物菌剂对城市污泥堆肥过程中氮素转化的影响研究

以稻草、木屑为填充料,分别添加EM原露、腐秆灵、金宝贝生物发酵剂、阿姆斯生物发酵剂和纤维素分解菌5种微生物菌剂,采用人工翻堆好氧堆肥工艺,进行城市污泥堆肥试验,通过测定堆肥过程中温度、pH值及NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和总氮含量,研究了5种微生物菌剂对城市污泥堆肥进程及氮素转化的影响,结果表明:添加微生物菌剂后堆体达到高温期和最高温度的时间较对照提前了1～2 d,降温阶段的降温速率提高了0.54～0.74℃/d,达到室温时间提前了5～6 d;各堆体50℃以上均保持了7 d以上,满足堆肥卫生学指标.添加微生物菌剂能促进有机氮的分解,促进硝化细菌的生长,有利于NH_4~+-N向NO_3~--N的转化和堆肥的腐熟进程.由于添加微生物菌剂提高了堆体升温速率、延长了高温期的维持时间和增加了堆体的pH值,导致更多的氮素损失.堆肥结束时,堆体氮含量降低39.8%～44.8%,较未添加微生物菌剂的堆体降低量多9.8%～14.8%.综合各项指标,金宝贝生物发酵剂和阿姆斯生物发酵剂具有较好的应用前景.     

一种纤维素降解复合菌剂在羊粪堆肥中的应用效果评价

为进一步提高堆肥物料中纤维素的降解效率,缩短堆肥时间,研究将前期复配的纤维素降解复合菌剂M(M)接种羊粪和秸秆混合物,并开展好氧堆肥发酵试验,分析菌剂M羊粪堆肥发酵的效果.结果表明,添加菌剂M发酵后,与空白对照组(CK)相比,堆体的升温(50℃)时间缩短了1 d,高温阶段延长了2 d,腐熟周期缩短了4 d.堆肥结束(25 d)时,添加菌剂M处理组的碳氮比(12.77)显著低于CK组(16.44)(p0.05),而且种子发芽指数(98.20%)、全氮(23.37 g·kg~(-1))、P2O5(13.13 g·kg~(-1))、K2O(51.12 g·kg~(-1))、纤维素降解率(28.33%)和半纤维素降解率(38.32%)均显著高于CK处理组(p0.05),总养分(8.76%)达到国家有机肥料标准(≥5%).酶活测定表明,堆肥过程中,添加菌剂M处理组的滤纸酶(FPase)、羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-Gase)均显著高于CK处理组的(p0.05).其中,在发酵高温阶段(4～8 d)时的酶活最高,分别为57.80、10.41 U·mL~(-1)和75.77 U·mL~(-1).将菌剂M与市售促腐菌剂R(菌剂R)混合的菌剂MR堆肥,各项指标均优于菌剂M和菌剂R单一处理组的.除纤维素降解率外,菌剂M和菌剂R处理组的其它各项指标之间无显著差异(p0.05).试验利用复合菌剂M进行羊粪堆肥发酵可以明显降低堆体物料的纤维素和半纤维素,提高堆肥营养,缩短堆肥时间,发酵后的有机肥可用于农业生产.     

不同微生物菌剂对畜禽粪便资源化堆肥效果的影响

研究接种不同微生物菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵的影响,为筛选堆肥资源化效果更好的优势菌种提供依据。通过不同比例组成的微生物菌剂进行牛粪堆肥试验,并对堆肥温度、含水率、p H值、C/N等进行指标分析。结果表明,添加菌剂能有效促进升温过程,明显加速堆肥的腐熟,提高畜禽堆肥资源化利用。     

餐厨垃圾高温好氧堆肥小试研究

为了探明餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥反应机理,优化堆肥工艺,用餐厨垃圾和锯末为原料,以质量比为3∶1的比例混合后进行小规模高温好氧堆肥研究.通过测定堆料中的水溶性C/N、pH值、温度、含水率和总有机碳下降率来推断反应进行的程度.试验表明,本装置可使堆肥顺利升温,最高温度达到60.5℃,并且高温期(>50℃)持续6 d,所得堆肥产品的理化性质和卫生指标符合国家相关标准.堆肥环境温度为40℃,初始堆料含水率为55%较为适宜.     

耐热菌剂对堆肥有机质降解及细菌演替的影响

针对传统堆肥周期长、有机质降解效率低的问题,将耐热复合菌剂接种于餐厨废弃物高温堆肥中,研究其对有机质降解及微生物群落动态变化的影响。结果表明,接种耐热复合菌剂有利于：有机质降解,堆肥细菌群落丰富度和多样性的提高,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和尿素芽胞杆菌属(Ureibacillus)相对丰度的提高,冗余分析的结果表明,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)对有机质降解的影响最强;网络分析结果表明,堆肥过程中尿素芽孢杆菌属(Ureibacillus)相对丰度的增加以及乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度的降低促进了有机质的降解。因此,接种耐热复合菌剂可以提高高温堆肥的质量和效率。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to