RAPD技术探讨几种家鸭与野鸭遗传多样性及亲缘关系

用RAPD技术分析我国常见家鸭品种（系）金定鸭(I、II、III系)、绍兴鸭、巢湖鸭、大余鸭、莆田黑鸭(I、II系)、连城白鸭、北京鸭,及引进品种番鸭和野鸭斑嘴鸭、绿头鸭基因组DNA的多态性.24个引物中,有19个共扩增出283条带,分子量约在400～2000bp之间,13个样品共有的条带数只有27条.根据扩增得到的RAPD图谱计算了不同样品间的遗传距离（D）和遗传相似系数.绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭与家鸭品种(系)间的遗传距离分别在0.2240～0.3092和0.2880～0.3735之间,方差分析表明两组数据不存在显著差异(p＞0.05).并依据D值由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的分子进化树.     

条斑紫菜不同栽培品系的RAPD研究

选取栽培性状优良、较有代表性的 4个条斑紫菜栽培品系 ,将其自由丝状体采用RAPD标记技术进行分子标记和遗传结构的初步研究 ,用 2 8个随机引物在 4个品系中共扩增出 2 1 5条DNA片段 ,其中 2 3个引物扩增出的DNA片段图谱在 4个品系中是特异性的 ,可以用于品系鉴定 .RAPD图谱的统计结果表明 ,这 4个栽培品系间存在较大的遗传差异 ,而且在单孢子形成能力上差异较大者 ,其遗传距离也较远 .     

大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的分子标记研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,对中国10个不同地区的大蒜品种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究.从30个RAPD引物当中,筛选出11个具有多态性的引物,共扩增出多态性带224条,多态性条带比率为41.18%,从12个ISSR引物中筛选出5个具多态性的ISSR引物,共扩增出多态性带121条,多态性条带比率为50.21%.对RAPD和ISSR两种标记分别运用Nei指数法,计算出10个大蒜品种的平均遗传距离为0.28和0.32.根据这两种标记的结果,采用UPGMA进行聚类分析,得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果.结果表明,在实验稳定性上,ISSR优于RAPD,且ISSR比RAPD能检测到更多的遗传变异,RAPD和ISSR两种标记可用于大蒜种质遗传多样性的研究.     

利用形态性状以及SSR标记鉴定4个川西北老芒麦品种(系)

基于23个形态性状和SSR分子标记,对在川西北推广应用的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)3个国审品种(‘川草2号’、‘阿坝’和‘康巴’)及1个新品系(‘雅江’)进行了鉴定研究.各品种表型性状与遗传背景差异较明显.新品系‘雅江’表现出优良的农艺性状,在株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗等形态性状均值显著高于3个对照品种(P<0.05).13对多态性好、特异性强、条带清晰的SSR引物在4个品种(系)共扩增出90条带,其中具有多态性的条带共68条,引物多态性条带比例(PPB)、多态性信息含量(PIC)及Shannon多样性指数(H)的平均值分别为76.32%、0.309及0.451,在供试品种(系)中均表现出较高的多态性.基于形态数据的欧氏距离和基于SSR数据的遗传距离矩阵之间具有较强的相关性(r=0.696,P=0.08),表明联合形态学标记和遗传标记能很好的用于品种鉴定,并且基于形态数据以及SSR分子标记的UPGMA聚类结果基本一致.筛选出4对引物可用于供试品种鉴定,并绘制了DNA指纹图谱.新品系‘雅江’具有明显区别于其它3个主推品种的形态特征和遗传背景,这为川西北高原老芒麦主要品种的遗传关系分析及品种的知识产权保护提供了支撑数据.     

金定鸭和南安鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量的统计分析

对金定鸭和南安鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量测定表明:全定鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著低于南安鸭,金定鸭蛋大系、蛋多系、综合系三个品系间的蛋黄胆固醇的含量比较稳定,但它们之间也存在差异,分析结果说明:蛋黄胆固醇含量除与鸭的种质有关外,同时还受饲料等外界因素的影响,要获得胆固醇含量较低的蛋品,可从遗传和饲料两个方面进行探讨。     

两个桂热甘蔗品种(系)的简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分子鉴别

利用筛选出的10个简单重复序列间扩增(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)引物对两个甘蔗优良品系的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出126条条带,多态性比率分别是81.7%和80.2%。从中筛选出3对带型分布均匀、多态性丰富且分辨能力强的引物,对两个桂热甘蔗品种(系)进行分子标记鉴别。结果表明,两品种间的谱带基本相同,但均存在桂热2号和桂热3号特有的谱带;这表明了两品种间在DNA水平上存在真实的遗传差异,834、844和846引物利用特殊ISSR标记的存在或缺失鉴别了两个桂热甘蔗品种(系)。此结果为后续应用分子标记方法鉴别甘蔗品种及选育新品种提供重要依据。     

两个优良凉蔗品种(系)的ISSR分子鉴别

本研究利用筛选出的10个ISSR 引物对两个甘蔗优良品系的基因组DNA 进行扩增,共扩增出126条条带,多态性比率分别是81.7%和80.2%。从中筛选出3对带型分布均匀、多态性丰富且分辨能力强的引物, 对两个凉蔗品种(系)进行分子标记鉴别。结果表明, 两品种间的谱带基本相同,但均存在02-6和02-186特有的谱带,这表明了两品种间在DNA 水平上存在真实的遗传差异,834、844和846引物利用特殊ISSR 标记的存在或缺失鉴别了两个凉蔗品种(系)。此结果为后续应用分子标记方法鉴别甘蔗品种及选育新品种提供重要依据。     

HFJ和MIJ近交系大鼠RAPD特征与比较研究

目的 利用人工合成的PCR随机引物,对本单位培育的HFJ和MIJ近交系大鼠基因组DNA进行扩增,建立 HFJ和MIJ大鼠RAPD扩增特征图谱;选择常用近交系大鼠Lewis和F344作为对照品系,观察HFJ和MIJ大鼠与 对照品系大鼠的RAPD多态性。方法 用酚-氯仿法分别提取4个不同品系大鼠的基因组DNA,从60条随机引 物中筛选能够得到清晰扩增条带的30条引物,对HFJ和MIJ大鼠DNA进行扩增。再从30条引物中随机选择12 条,对4个品系大鼠基因组DNA扩增,并对扩增条带多态性比较分析。结果 30条引物对HFJ和MIJ大鼠DNA 进行扩增,均能获得1～7个较清晰条带,除引物0～08外,条带的分子大小均在200～1 100 bp之间,两品系的引 物0-08扩增结果,均在2 000 bp以上的近原点处扩增出1条清晰的条带。HFJ和MU大鼠品系内个体间和两个品 系之间,扩增的结果均完全一致;用12条随机引物对4个品系大鼠同时扩增,HFJ和MIJ大鼠扩增结果一致,与 Lewis和F344比较,有5个引物出现差异条带。结论 用30条随机引物建立了HFJ和MIJ大鼠RAPD扩增特征性 图谱。由于两品系来源于同一对Wistar封闭群大鼠,虽然遗传特性有显著差异,但是在所选30条引物扩增时,未 发现多态性。两品系与Lewis和F344之间存在多态性条带     

怀地黄85-5品种内遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用CTAB法提取了怀地黄85-5品种16个单株的基因组DNA,使用紫外分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和大小,利用RAPD及ISSR分析其品种内遗传多样性.从24个RAPD引物和43个ISSR引物中分别筛选出具有稳定多态性条带的RAPD引物3个和ISSR引物2个,分别对16个单株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.3个RAPD引物共扩增出7条带,其中多态性条带为4个,多态性比率为57.14%.2个ISSR引物共扩增出17条带,其中多态性条带为11个,多态性比率为64.7%.结果表明,怀地黄85-5品种内存在遗传差异,但遗传多样性比地黄品种间的低.     

四川黑山羊品种(群体)的RAPD标记研究

从5组24个随机引物中筛选出16个重复性好的多态引物,对四川9个黑山羊品种(群体)共计572只个体,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记研究.结果表明,16个引物扩增出125条带,其中102条带呈现多态,多态率为81.61%.不同引物扩增出的DNA片段在各品种(群体)中的分布频率不同.9个黑山羊品种(群体)间相似系数为0.7533～0.9642,遗传距离指数为0.0358～0.2467.引物OPQ-06(序列为GAGCGCCTTG)未在乐至黑山羊中扩增出900bpDNA片段,而在其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)中出现率均为1,可作为区分乐至黑山羊和其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)的分子遗传标记.引物OPK-03(序列为CCAGCTTAGG)未在江安黑山羊扩增出550bpDNA片段,在其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)中出现率均为1,可用于区分江安黑山羊和其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)的分子遗传标记.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman