烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

海产无脊椎动物呼吸强度的比较

对测试的１８种海产经济无脊椎动物的呼吸强度进行的系统比较研究表明：日本和螺类，随时间的延长其呼吸强度呈逐渐下降趋势。说明对氧的含量的敏感性强；而蛤类则随时间的延长其呼吸强度呈逐渐上升趋势，说明对氧的含量的敏感性差．呼吸强度与动物的生活习性有关．习见织纹螺、短滨螺接近陆生生活，呼吸强度最强；日本呼吸强度次之；再次为一般螺类；最弱的为蛤类．     

《中国文学史》指瑕

袁行霈主编的《中国文学史》第二版仍存在一些瑕疵,主要表现为前后表述不一致,个别语句不通顺,个别提法不确切,有错字、丢字、多余的字等。如上所及,多数属于校对排版问题,仅为“瑾瑜匿瑕”,不影响全书的整体学术价值。     

桃金娘科9属21种木材的比较解剖

用光镜和扫描电镜比较了桃金娘科（Ｍｙｒｔａｃｅａｅ）９属２１种木材的解剖结构。结果表明：多数种木材生长轮不明显,几乎都为散孔材,木材分子非叠生,导管分子单穿孔板,管间纹孔具附物,胞间道和管状分子壁螺纹加厚壁缺如,少数种有分膈纤维。２亚科间木材结构有明显差异,桃金娘亚科（Ｍｙｒｔｏｉｄｅａｅ）木材结构较细籽亚科（Ｌｅｐ－ｔｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｉｄｅａｅ）原始。     

中国东部地区常见水生植物种类及其园林应用

对水资源比较充足的中国东部地区进行了常见水生植物种类及园林应用的调查和整理.结果表明:中国东部地区常见水生植物约30科46属59种,其中,挺水植物应用最普遍,约36种,浮叶植物、漂浮植物、沉水植物各8种、7种、8种;水生植物的园林应用形式多样,多片植、丛植,用于观赏或净化水体;在应用中也存在许多不足.基于现状,提出了相关建议,希望对滨水区今后的水体景观构建有所帮助.     

湖北省后河自然保护区的野生动物资源

报导了湖北省后河自然保护区的野生动物资源３０６种、湖北省新启示９种,濒危动物５１种、毛皮动物４２种、药用动物１１４种、仿虫动物１５９种、食鼠动物６５种、有害动物３７种,以及上述动物资源的现状和主要威胁,对地区物种密度高的原因进行了探讨。     

嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类组成及区系特点

１９９３年４月至１９９４年１月，对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物进行调查。对该区域内的生物种类及区系特点做了概述与分析     

减少高阶矩阵运算和存储量方法的研究

高阶矩阵运算和存储量都特别大,为了减少运算和存储量,本文讨论了稀疏矩阵、单位矩阵、对称矩阵的存储方法。介绍采用引用计数、操作标志等方法实现矩阵复制、转置、乘常数等部分矩阵运算。该方法在产生新矩阵时,并不生成数据的拷贝,而是改变矩阵的引用计数、操作标志等变量,生成新的矩阵,减少了运算量和存储量。     

重庆万州区珍稀濒危植物的研究和保护

据调查统计，重庆万州区国家级珍稀濒危植物18种，隶属13科18属，其中蕨类1种，裸子植物3种，被子植物14种，从它们的生存现状看，有2个濒危种，9个稀有种，7个渐危种，本文论述了万州珍稀濒危植物的种类与分布状况，并在分析珍稀濒危植物致濒机理和保护现状的基础上提出了相应的对策。     

衢州珍稀濒危植物区系的研究

调查统计表明,衢州共有野生珍稀濒危植物22种,隶属12科19属,其中国家1级保护植物3种,2级保护植物19种.衢州珍稀濒危植物区系具有种类丰富、过渡性强、成分特有及起源古老等特征.还探讨了它们与邻近地区珍稀植物区系的关系.     

高职院校大学生体质健康状况及干预对策研究——以南华工商学院为例

采用文献资料、数理统计及比较分析的方法对南华工商学院大学生的体质健康状况测试结果进行了研究。结果表明:南华工商学院大学生体质健康状况总体处于一般水平,女生优于男生;男女生身体体质整体较好,但女生体态偏瘦;男女生心肺系统机能水平均较低,女生更低;女生速度素质较差,男生力量素质较差。建议加强体质测试、身体运动干预和生活习惯干预。