基于案例推理的流动式起重机故障诊断系统设计

该文研究了基于案例推理的专家诊断模型中的关键技术——故障案例库的建立、故障案例检索、故障案例的重用,研究探讨了案例检索机制中字符串相似度的计算方法,建立了故障检索机制的模型。结合实际工作的需要,设计实现了一个基于案例推理(CBR)的流动式起重机故障诊断系统,系统以基于案例推理的诊断技术为基础,采用关系型数据库存储数据,实现了流动式起重机械的故障诊断。     

基于案例的推理技术在故障诊断中的应用

将航天器故障诊断系统中的预案设计与基于案例推理的故障诊断技术相结合,提出了基于预案设计的故障诊断思想,给出了预案的规范化定义,并以某卫星能源系统故障模拟试验台为对象,对诊断模型进行了验证,为解决航天器故障诊断系统知识不足的问题作了新的尝试.     

灰色关联度在故障诊断系统中的应用

针对传统专家系统解决机械故障诊断问题时存在的不足,将基于案例推理(CBR)方法引入到故障诊断中,提出了一种CBR故障诊断模型.在案例检索中,采用了一种改进的灰色关联模型来计算案例之间的相似度.该模型适用于对故障症状和故障原因之间关系不十分明确的场合,可以比较准确地检索到相似案例,提高案例检索速度.最后应用文中提出的方法建立了一个轴承故障诊断专家系统,此系统对生产和实践具有重要的指导价值.     

基于形式概念的汽轮机相似故障案例检索

作为故障诊断的一种方法,案例推理从以往的历史案例中检索相似案例作为新事件的参考解。在整个案例推理过程中,案例检索是最为关键的一步。案例检索的内容是以一定形式表达的案例,案例检索的方式是计算新事件与历史案例间的相似度。判断新事件与历史案例的相似度主要考虑两个问题,一是属性间的相似度,二是属性的权重。形式概念作为知识的一种表示方式,不仅能表达案例与属性之间关系,还能反映属性的权重。本文在基于形式概念的知识表达方式上,提出了一种改进的相似度计算方法。在改进算法中,引入了参数。在具体应用中,通过选取合适的的值,能为每个属性合理地分配相应的权重,使得检索结果更为精确。其效果在汽轮机故障诊断的实际应用中得到了检验。     

基于粗糙集的装备故障诊断系统的算法研究

通过设计基于粗糙集的装备故障诊断系统框架,以大屏幕投影系统的设备故障记录作为样本集,研究了粗糙集在装备故障诊断系统中的应用。针对数据预处理中缺失数据的填补问题,采用粗糙集理论和统计学理论相结合的方式,最大限度的保留了原始信息、产生规则的数量和可靠性;针对知识约简中规则生成速度慢等问题,采用了基于粒计算的粗糙集知识发现算法,将决策表中的属性集转换为二进制的矩阵对象,把复杂的知识约简转化为矩阵运算,降低了知识约简的时间复杂度,提高了生成规则运算效率,实现了故障诊断知识的快速自动获取。     

基于案例推理的旋转机械故障诊断系统研究

针对大型旋转机械结构复杂,故障现象难以用结构化知识表示,故障诊断规则难以提炼的特点,将基于案例推理(CBR)方法应用于旋转机械故障诊断。从旋转机械故障诊断的需求出发,在分析旋转机械故障诊断知识特点的基础上,对故障诊断系统的总体结构、故障案例库的构建、案例相似度匹配、案例调整和学习等CBR方法的关键技术进行了研究。重点设计了故障案例表示方法,采用基于三标度的层次分析法(AHP)确定案例征兆权值。提出了改进的最近邻法计算案例相似度,可以从征兆名称、征兆值、权值三方面对案例进行精确匹配。提出了基于案例审核的学习机制,可以充分发挥不同人员的作用。开发了基于CBR的旋转机械故障诊断系统原型,并给出了应用实例。     

基于粗糙集的航路飞行冲突智能解脱CBR系统案例检索方法

针对航路飞行冲突智能解脱中的案例推理问题,提出了基于粗糙集的改进案例检索方法.建立了框架式案例知识系统表达结构,包括19个条件属性变量和1个决策变量.将基于信息熵的全局优化算法和启发式快速约简算法用于属性约简,把17项案例属性检索指标根据天气和军方活动的情况分别简约为4项.依据条件属性对决策属性的影响程度,建立了基于粗糙集属性重要度的指标权重确定方法.通过算例进行计算,将简约前后的案例检索效果进行比较,结果表明一致性达到90％.简约后的属性不仅可以保证较好的检索质量,还能够有效减少检索空间,提高检索速度.     

基于案例推理的机械故障诊断方法探讨

介绍了基于案例推理的故障诊断方法的机理,从案例的表示与存储、检索和匹配、修改与维护等3个方面对基于案例推理的机械故障诊断过程进行了分析。表明了基于案例推理的故障诊断方法具有实现方式灵活简便、自学习能力强等特点,使用大量的范例特征集合,能够不断积累问题求解的经验,避免知识荻取的困难,缩短了问题求解途径,提高了推理效率,节省了开发时间,具有很好的应用前景。     

基于CRPN模型的复杂系统故障诊断

由于复杂系统的结构和运行环境复杂,传统方法无法对其进行故障诊断.文中将基于案例的推理方法和Petri网理论引入到复杂系统的故障诊断中,建立了基于案例推理和Petri网的CRPN(Case-based Reasoning Petri Nets)模型,研究了该模型的变迁规则和案例特征等关键技术.利用两层CRPN模型,可有效地解决已有复杂系统故障诊断方法中存在的模型难以建立、推理过程模糊等问题.最后以飞机的某系统为例,探讨了基于CRPN模型的故障诊断过程,结果表明文中方法是有效的.     

案例推理技术用于故障诊断时的相似算法

基于案例推理技术CBR(case based techno logy)应用于故障诊断领域时,如何快速检索到最相似的故障案例是故障诊断成功的关键,相似算法主要包括相似度的定义、计算以及案例检索技术。传统相似算法存在定量计算相似度困难、计算精度低、大量依靠专家经验、案例匹配效率不高等问题。给出了不同情况下相似度的计算公式、案例的表示与存储方法和案例的检索方法,可准确、快速地匹配故障案例,解决了CBR技术应用于实际故障诊断系统中的难题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the