烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

21世纪的资源,环境和可持续发展

资源和环境是２１世纪人类社会可持续发展的重要物质基础,从工业化给人类带来的后果,知识和自然资源都是知识经济社会的重要资源,人类社会发展对资源的依赖性,资源开发与新能源,环境恶化等方面阐述了人、资源、环境三者间的相互关系,并提出了２１世纪人类面临的挑战。     

2001—2007年我国旅游气候研究综述

通过对中国学术期刊网2001—2007年相关文献资料的分析梳理,详细综述了我国旅游气候分区域的个案研究、气候对旅游活动的影响研究、旅游气候资源的评价研究、旅游气候资源开发利用策略研究等方面的研究成果。     

高等院校信息素质教育探讨

本文通过分析信息素质的内涵,借鉴国外信息素质教育的成功经验,结合教学实践,探讨高等院校开展信息素质教育的措施和途径,以期推动、促进信息素质教育的实施.     

高校开放式体育课程与教师素质的提升

开放式体育课程是高校体育课程的改革方向,具有课程指导思想与观念的时代性特征、目标的具体化特征、结构的多样化特征、形式的开放性特征、资源的拓展性特征和评价的综合性特征.高校体育教师要适应体育课程的重大变革,必须转变教育观念,实现角色转变,提高课堂教学设计和组织能力、课程理论水平、专项运动能力、课程资源开发和教学评价能力、信息采集和运用现代教育技术能力以及体育科研能力.     

按需出版与图书馆工作

在给出按需出版定义的基础上,介绍了按需出版的产生背景、特点和发展现状,分析了按需出版模式给图书馆带来的重要影响,指出图书馆应充分认识按需出版对自身的价值,积极推进按需出版事业的发展。     

出入口匝道对快速路安全性的影响分析

快速路系统中,出入口匝道作为不开分割的一部分,对快速路的运行效果具有很大影响,一旦出入口匝道产生拥堵,将直接影响快速路的安全性。因此本文主要首先分析出入口匝道的位置设计、长度和出口匝道下游的交通状态对快速路运行状态的影响,建立基于出入口匝道的快速路运行状态模型,并分析交通运行状态与交通安全之间的联系,建立基于拥堵程度的快速路安全性模型。基于以上两个模型,实现基于出入口匝道的快速路安全性模型,并通过模拟验证,分析出入口匝道对快速路安全性的影响程度,最终得出结论：受出入口匝道车流汇入汇出的产生延误将会大大降低快速路的安全性。     

粗糙空间上基于VC维的风险泛函的界

为了完善粗糙空间上学习过程收敛速度的界,根据粗糙空间上的信赖性测度的性质和传统的统计学习理论的相关知识,在粗糙空间上学习理论的关键定理和学习过程一致收敛速度的界的基础上,给出了粗糙空间上退火熵、生长函数、VC维的概念及其相关的性质,以此为基础构建了粗糙空间上基于VC维的构造性的与分布无关的界,为系统地建立粗糙空间上的统计学习理论及其相应的支持向量机奠定了理论基础。     

浅埋煤层保水开采识别系统研究

确定断裂导水裂缝带的最大高度是保水开采的关键技术。结合陕北榆神府矿区地质开采条件,应用关键层理论,通过关键层挠度计算,分析关键层结构稳定性和对关键层上位隔水层破坏强度,给出关键层在不同位置影响导水裂缝带最大高度的广义损伤因子,建立了保水开采识别系统。工程实例表明:应用保水开采识别系统判定的断裂导水裂缝带高度与实际相接近,并能够很好地解释覆岩发生破坏的特征与规律,对实现保水开采具有一定的应用和指导价值。     

高层建筑屋顶广告牌风压分布特性

通过对广告牌沿高层建筑屋顶单边布置、邻边布置、三边布置及四周布置这4种方式的刚性模型测压试验,测量了广告牌面板表面风压,研究了其分布规律,讨论了面板表面典型测点脉动风压的频域特性.结果表明:来流方向与广告牌面板表面斜交时,不同布置方式的广告牌面板表面平均风压系数及脉动风压系数均比较大,并且面板边缘附近的数值要比面板内部区域大;不同布置方式的广告牌面板表面极值风压系数分布不同,单边布置时出现最大极值风压,而四周布置时极值风压最小;对于由多块面板组成的屋顶广告牌,相邻面板之间出现气动干扰.     

心理资本对员工工作投入、工作满意和离职倾向的影响

通过对149名企业员工调查数据的层次回归分析,发现在控制了工作年限和职位以后,员工自我效能感对工作投入有显著正向影响;希望对工作投入、工作满意有显著正向影响,对离职倾向有显著负向影响;乐观对工作投入、工作满意有显著正向影响,对离职倾向有显著负向影响;坚韧对工作投入有显著正向影响,对离职倾向有显著负向影响;心理资本整体对工作投入、工作满意有显著正向影响,对离职倾向有显著负向影响。