国内外食品包装模拟物的选用比较及化学物迁移研究

食品包装材料的卫生安全是食品安全的一个重要方面,化学物的迁移对人身健康造成的伤害引起了社会的关注。本文综述了食品包装材料化学物向食品迁移的研究现状和迁移实验中食品模拟物的选择。     

食品接触用涂料中纳米TiO2向食品模拟液中的迁移研究

近年来纳米TiO2食品接触涂料的使用逐渐引起重视,为保证食品安全,必须对涂料中纳米TiO2迁移进行研究．笔者以纳米TiO2食品接触用涂料为研究对象,研究了纳米TiO2向食品模拟液中的迁移行为．采用微波消解的方式对纳米涂料迁移液进行前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP—AES）测定其迁移量,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对迁移到模拟液中的纳米TiO2进行形貌、尺寸的测定．实验结果表明添加到涂料中的纳米Ti0会迁移至食品模拟液中,不同尺寸的纳米TiO2在不同食品模拟液中的迁移量不同,迁移量随浸泡时间的延长和浸泡温度的升高而增大,迁移后纳米颗粒发生了明显的团聚现象．     

PVC保鲜膜在食品模拟液中邻苯二甲酸酯和己二酸酯的定量分析及迁移规律研究

文章采用气相色谱-质谱分析法（GC-MS）对PVC食品保鲜膜在四种食品模拟浸泡液中邻苯二甲酸酯和己二酸酯的含量及其迁移规律进行研究.结果表明,除水性食品模拟液外,邻苯二甲酸酯和己二酸酯较易迁移至食品模拟液中,且随着迁移时间的增加,邻苯二甲酸酯和己二酸酯的迁移量逐渐增加并趋于平衡,说明长期使用PVC保鲜膜存在安全隐患.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品模拟物中的1,1,1-三甲醇丙烷迁移

建立了1,1,1-三甲醇丙烷在水、3%乙酸、10%乙醇和橄榄油4种食品模拟物中迁移量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法。水质模拟物和橄榄油模拟物均采用正戊烷进行提取。采用GC-MS法,在选择离子监测模式(SIM)下对1,1,1-三甲醇丙烷进行定性,采用内标法进行定量测定。结果表明:在0~12.0mg/L质量浓度范围内,1,1,1-三甲醇丙烷在4种食品模拟物中的线性相关系数在0.9995~0.9998之间,RSD(n=7)为0.43%~5.67%,方法检出限均为0.6mg/kg。加标回收率在90.3%~100.8%之间。该方法可满足4种不同性质的食品模拟物中1,1,1-三甲醇丙烷的快速筛查和准确定性、定量测定要求。     

食品级塑料内垫材料中增塑剂DEHP向食品模拟物的迁移特性研究

对食品级塑料内垫材料中增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)在四种不同食品模拟物中,随温度、时间变化的迁移特性进行了研究。选用蒸馏水、20%乙醇、4%乙酸、异辛烷为四种食品模拟物,采用GC-FID方法对食品级塑料内垫材料在不同的浸泡液、不同温度和时间下进行了迁移实验。研究结果表明:DEHP的迁移率随浸泡温度的升高、浸泡时间的延长而增大;DEHP在模拟物中的迁移率范围分别为:0.19%～0.68%(蒸馏水)、0.36%～1.37%(20%乙醇)、12.5%～22.0%(异辛烷)。DEHP迁移率从大到小的顺序为:异辛烷、20%乙醇、蒸馏水、4%乙酸。在异辛烷中DEHP的迁移量较大,迁移率最高值为22.0%;4%乙酸对DEHP的溶出作用最小,72个样品中,仅有6个样品检出DEHP,检出率为8.3%。     

大庆土壤中石油类污染物迁移模拟

针对大庆油田的原油与土壤特点，通过室内土柱模拟，研究了石油类有机污染物对油田土壤环境的污染状况。实验结果表明，虽然石油类污染物是从地表逐渐向下迁移，但在模拟的6年内污染物的最大迁移深度约为25～30cm，而且大于90％的污染物主要分布于10cm以上的土壤中，另外，石油类有机污染物在大庆市典型黑钙土中的相对迁移能力与正构烷烃的分子量及芳香烃的环数成反比。研究证实，大庆市典型土壤对石油类有机？亏染物具有很强的吸附截留能力，绝大部分污染物被截留在土壤表层，因此大庆油田土壤石油污染的防治重点应放在浅层土壤中。     

食品模拟体系中疏水性淀粉基膜材的结构变化

为考察疏水性淀粉基食品包装材料与食品模拟体系接触过程中的结构变化,采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和小角/广角X射线散射系统分析了淀粉基膜材的显微结构、链结构、分子间相互作用、结晶结构和微区结构.结果表明:在与食品模拟体系的接触过程中,随着模拟体系溶剂的渗透和增塑剂的迁移,淀粉基膜材中大分子链收缩聚拢,微晶结构聚集,晶面距减小,形成更致密的聚集态结构,增塑剂分子受到的作用力增大;淀粉醋酸酯大分子的运动性、溶剂渗透和增塑剂迁移受到更大的内阻力.     

有机污染场地热强化多相抽提修复的模拟研究

多相抽提(multi-phase extraction, MPE)技术已成为地下有机污染修复领域的研究热点，而数值模型可以对MPE过程中污染物的迁移、转化进行高效精准预测.本研究通过对多孔介质内多相流基本物理概念的描述及迁移规律的推导分析，构建MPE修复数学模型，并对华东地区某有机污染场地MPE修复过程进行模拟概化，再现了修复过程中有机污染物的迁移、转化特征，同时对其进行细致分析，为地下有机污染修复提供理论基础和科学依据.结果表明，MPE过程中污染物在压力驱动下向抽提井方向迁移至饱和带，饱和度锋面存在明显向下收缩的趋势.模拟计算结果与实际监测值有较好的相关性，污染物的总去除率达93%,修复效果较好.此外还设置了不同MPE修复方案，模拟研究温度、抽提井压力对有机污染物去除率的影响，结果表明，有机污染物的去除率随着温度和抽提井压力的升高而升高，低温低压时低渗透层中残留的污染物难以抽出，导致其总去除率降低.     

大庆土壤中石油类污染物迁移模拟

针对大庆油田的原油与土壤特点,通过室内土柱模拟,研究了石油类有机污染物对油田土壤环境的污染状况.实验结果表明,虽然石油类污染物是从地表逐渐向下迁移,但在模拟的6年内污染物的最大迁移深度约为25～30cm,而且大于90%的污染物主要分布于10 cm以上的土壤中,另外,石油类有机污染物在大庆市典型黑钙土中的相对迁移能力与正构烷烃的分子量及芳香烃的环数成反比.研究证实,大庆市典型土壤对石油类有机污染物具有很强的吸附截留能力,绝大部分污染物被截留在土壤表层,因此大庆油田土壤石油污染的防治重点应放在浅层土壤中.     

塑料包装材料化学物向食品迁移的模拟

将精细时程积分方法推广应用于模拟塑料包装材料化学物向食品的迁移,同时对方法进行了理论评估,得到了精确解与用精细时程积分方法所得数值解的L2误差估计.误差估计表明,精细时程积分方法是一种高精度的数值方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.