光稳定剂间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的合成

研究了以苯甲酰氯和间苯二酚为原料、液碱为除酸剂,酯化合成然后精制得间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的工艺.研究了酯化反应中温度、物料配比、pH、间苯二酚水溶液的浓度和反应时间等条件对反应的影响,获得了较佳的酯化工艺条件:苯甲酰氯与间苯二酚的摩尔比为1.15∶1;pH值为7.5;反应温度为25℃;反应时间为1.5 h;间苯二酚溶液的质量分数为10%.酯化反应收率为88.6%.考察了结晶溶剂配比、温度对产品质量和收率的影响,经实验评估得到了较佳的结晶工艺条件:结晶溶剂甲苯的体积(/mL)与初产物的质量(/g)之比为2.5∶1,结晶温度为30℃,结晶收率为95.0%.优化工艺条件下产品的总收率为84.2%.     

4,6--二叔丁基间苯二酚制备研究

研究以间苯二酚和甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）为原料，以酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂合成4，6——二叔丁基间苯二酚．本反应用正交实验法，得到合成4，6——二叔丁基间苯二酚的适宜工艺条件为：n（MTBE）：n（间苯二酚）=3：1；m（催化剂）：m（间苯二酚）=0．6：1，反应时间为7～8h，反应温度为80℃，连续分出甲醇．在此条件下产物中的4，6——二叔丁基间苯二酚质量分数可达91．9%.     

由间二氯苯合成2,4—二氟苯胺

以间二氯苯为原料，经硝化，氟代及还原反应合成２，４－二氟苯胺。探索了各步反应的工艺条件，对提高收率难度较大的氟供的反应，研究了使用季铵盐类相转移催化剂时原料 配比，反应温度及时间收率之间的关系，并得到了较好的结果。     

生物质能源开发——Ⅳ.泥炭的催化水解法

以半纤维素含量较高的泥炭为原料,在常压和加压(200℃左右的水蒸汽压)条件下,研究了水解法中反应时间、液固比、反应温度、酸浓度、催化剂等工艺条件对糖化率的影响。并比较了一步法和二步法的转化率。实验结果表明:可用常压一步法水解。其工艺条件为:泥炭粒度100目,反应温度100℃,盐酸浓度1.0～1.5%,液固比10.5～12.0,反应时间80～100min。添加催化剂能提高水解反应速度,FeCl_3有较高的催化活性。在上述条件下有近70%的可水解物水解为还原糖。水解后的残渣可以用于气化。     

利用工业油脚或皂脚制备混合脂肪酸

提出了新的油脂水解工艺——常压多级催化水解法 .主要考察了油脂水解工艺的各项制约因素 ,如 :水的用量、p H值、反应温度、催化剂体系以及反应时间的影响 ,确定了油脂水解最佳工艺条件 ,并针对水解条件初步探讨了催化剂作用机理和油脂水解反应动力学特征 .实验表明 :在所考察范围内的最佳条件下 ,以花生油脚与花生皂脚为原料制备混合脂肪酸产率分别可达 75 .4% ,88.5 % ,同时对产物进行了红外光谱表征 ,证实了产物的主要官能团 .     

N-乙烯基己内酰胺的合成及放大

以己内酰胺和乙炔为原料,己内酰胺与叔丁醇钾制得的己内酰胺钾盐为催化剂,对叔丁基邻苯二酚为阻聚剂合成N-乙烯基己内酰胺.考察催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、搅拌速率、反应温度及反应时间对产品收率的影响.用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱和质谱对产品结构进行表征.并依据小试条件进行放大实验.结果表明:在催化剂用量为3.5%,阻聚剂用量为0.04%(以己内酰胺质量计),搅拌速率200r/min,温度90℃,反应8h的优化工艺条件下,产品收率为75.4%,质量分数达99.87%.放大40倍后,产品收率为74.6%.     

间苯二胺水解合成间氨基苯酚工艺的研究

以间苯二胺为原料,硫酸为催化剂,高压水解制得间氨基苯酚.考察了反应温度、反应时间、硫酸质量分数及硫酸与间苯二胺的摩尔比对反应的影响.实验结果表明,当反应温度200℃,反应时间6 h,硫酸质量分数为22%,硫酸与间苯二胺的摩尔比为1.98:1时,间苯二胺的转化率为81.19%,间氨基苯酚的收率为56.34%,选择性为69.38%,副产物间苯二酚的收率为24.13%.     

酶水解纤维素条件的优化

为了探究酶水解纤维素的最优条件,以麦草浆为原料,研究纤维素酶用量、pH、水解温度、底物质量分数和酶水解时间对酶水解得率的影响,通过正交实验对酶水解纤维素的工艺条件进行优化.最佳条件为:酶用量27,U,pH,5.5,水解温度50,℃,底物质量分数2%,水解时间60,h.在此条件下,酶水解得率可以达到75.8%.     

威兰胶发酵液脱除菌体的酶解工艺研究

为研究威兰胶发酵液的菌体去除工艺与菌体脱除效果之间的关系,采用单因素优化法,考察了反应温度、反应体系pH值、溶菌酶用量和搅拌速率等操作条件对菌体去除率的影响。试验结果确定的菌体脱除工艺为:反应温度为40℃,反应体系pH为6.5,溶菌酶加入量为1.0%,搅拌速率为600 r/min。在此条件下,威兰胶发酵液中蛋白质的去除率为89.2%。经醇沉工艺提取后,威兰胶产品中菌体去除率为93.6%。     

水环境中农药的水解研究分析

残留在水环境中的农药受到各种生物和非生物因素的影响,会发生复杂的蓄积和降解行为。通过对国内外关于水环境中农药的水解的影响因素和降解机理研究进行总结和归纳,综述了农药的水解动力学规律及水解机理,给出了综合性结论,即农药的水解机理主要是亲核取代反应历程。在一定的温度和pH值条件下,农药的水解遵从一级反应动力学规律,水环境的pH值决定了农药水解的反应速率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.