蓝黑墨水字迹褪变机理探讨

通过对蓝黑墨水字迹色素成分鞣酸铁和没食子酸铁的形成、结构、性质进行分析与研究,揭示引起蓝黑墨水字迹褪变的内因和外因.同时,对传统档案文献保护技术理论中蓝黑墨水字迹耐久性的归属提出不同看法,并提出不宜使用蓝黑墨水书写文件的建议及如何保护蓝黑墨水字迹档案文献的方法.     

溶压转印-灰度值比值法判定蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间

蓝黑墨水是一种常见的书写色料,蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间经常是判定文件真伪的重要依据之一。为研究通过溶压转印和photoshop软件测量灰度并计算灰度值比值的有机结合来判定蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间,从而为可疑文件的形成时间判定提供一种有效的方法,选用鸵鸟牌和英雄牌2种蓝黑墨水、复印纸等4种纸张,分别制作蓝黑墨水书写的历时性样本,对制作的实验样本进行溶压转印,并对转印前后墨水笔画色料的多个位置的灰度值进行测量,计算灰度值平均值的比值。经过大量的实验,找到了溶压转印和灰度值测量的条件,找到了转印前后笔画色料的灰度值比值和书写时间之间的关系,绘制了关系曲线,并讨论了墨水和纸张种类对灰度值比值的影响。实验证明,溶压转印-灰度值比值法是判定蓝黑墨水字迹形成时间的一种切实可行的方法,为判定可疑文件的形成时间提供了一条有效途径。     

用薄层扫描仪-双溶剂溶解提取法鉴别蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的相对书写时间

应用薄层扫描仪-双溶剂溶解提取法鉴别蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的书写时间，为解决文件检验中鉴定蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的书写时间这个难题提供了弱-强双溶剂的选定、取样方法、溶解方法、溶解时间、点样方法以及薄层扫描的条件，可以量化地确定蓝黑钢笔墨水的相对书写时间。实验随机选用了8种蓝黑墨水样品进行相对书写时间的鉴定，得到了良好的鉴别结果。     

利用透析法显现被涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹

目的:解决被碳素墨水或墨汁涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹难于显现的问题,考查其主要影响因素,介绍透析法显现涂抹掩盖字迹的机理和操作。方法:采用最新研制的透析液,利用透析法显现。结果:对被碳素墨水或墨汁涂抹掩盖的签字笔墨水及纯蓝、蓝黑墨水字迹进行了显现,讨论了不同品牌的墨水字迹、掩盖层厚度、字迹书写时间、纸张等条件因素对显现效果的影响。结论:利用新型透析液的透析法显现被涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹获得了很好的效果,具有操作简便、显现速度快、显出字迹清晰、适用范围大、易于推广等优点。     

高效液相色谱法鉴别纯蓝墨水字迹的种类

蓝色墨水是人们在书写各种文书材料中经常使用的一种书写色料,在各种可疑文件的检验中,常常会遇到有关蓝色墨水字迹种类和形成时间的鉴定问题,因此建立一种准确、可靠的鉴定蓝色墨水字迹的种类和形成时间的方法是十分必要的。研究中利用反相离子对色谱法对纯蓝墨水字迹种类的鉴别进行了探索,实验中以甲醇-水(40∶60v/v,含离子对试剂,pH约为5.5)为流动相;检测波长为580nm,在此条件下对39种不同牌号、不同产地的纯蓝墨水字迹中的有色成分进行了分析。根据所得色谱图中色谱峰数目的不同可将其分为三大类;同类样品之间还可依据其峰形、相对峰高比或相对峰面积比的不同,进一步进行种类的鉴别。此方法的建立,为鉴定可疑文件中添加和涂改的纯蓝墨水字迹奠定了基础。     

硫化亚铁的热分析动力学

利用热重(TG)分析和差示扫描量热(DSC)法考察FeS受热氧化性质的特点,运用多升温速率法计算FeS的动力学参数.结果表明:FeS试样的DSC曲线有2个明显的峰,在143℃左右有1个由相变引起的吸热峰,在高温段有1个氧化放热峰;其TG曲线呈恒重→增重→失重→恒重的变化规律,但是氧化起始温度较高,氧化过程缓慢;FeS热分解反应的平均活化能为125.89 kJ/mol,指前因子为1.55763×1011s-1,其反应符合随机成核和随后生长动力学模型,最概然函数为G(α):[-ln(1-α)0.4124.     

用薄层扫描-染料比值法鉴定黑色签字笔字迹的相对书写时间

目的:准确确定案件中黑色签字笔字迹的相对书写时间。方法:薄层扫描-染料比值法。结果:首先,随时间的推移,字迹溶解液中部分染料斑点吸收峰之间的面积比值会发生固定的变化,要么越来越小,要么越来越大;其次,利用数理统计中的标准误差对实验规律进行定量分析,最终发现可鉴定相对书写时间的范围与标准误差直接相关,计算出的标准误差即为是否可鉴定相对书写时间的界限。结论:薄层扫描-染料比值法可以对不同纸张上、相对书写时间相差在39天以上同种品牌黑色签字笔字迹进行鉴定。     

麦秸与塑料复合间的热反应分析

运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定和分析了乙烯-醋酸乙烯(EVA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料与麦秸之间的热反应特征.结果表明:麦秸与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂复合后的人造板DSC曲线中出现了两个吸热峰,其熔点与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂的熔点有差别.分析玻璃化转变温度(Tg)时发现:麦秸与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂复合后的人造板在DSC曲线中的Tg已很难确定,而乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂的Tg温度范围比较明显,为33.4～50.5 ℃.麦秸与聚乙烯树脂复合后的人造板在DSC曲线中出现的熔点与聚乙烯树脂的熔点有所差别.同样以吸热峰的顶点为熔点,则前者的熔点约为131.5 ℃,后者的熔点约132.9 ℃.通过积分可知,前者的吸热量为后者的93.3%.聚氯乙烯树脂的Tg接近70℃,而在麦秸与聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)复合后的Tg很难确定.此外,两种材料的熔点也有较大差别.聚氯乙烯树脂在DSC曲线中,出现一个吸热峰,熔点约为86.0℃;而麦秸与聚氯乙烯树脂复合后的人造板的吸热峰有两个,熔点明显不同.应用熔点和玻璃化转变温度这两项高分子材料的重要指标对麦秸与EVA、PE、PVC之间的热反应特征进行分析,可以了解它们之间的反应状况.     

橡胶粉在热沥青中的溶胀降解特性分析

制备废胶粉改性沥青是实现废橡胶资源化利用及减轻环境污染的有效途径.为了研究胶粉在沥青中的物化行为以及对沥青的改性作用,分别在不同胶粉掺量、不同温度和处理时间条件下制备胶粉改性沥青,采用洗脱法分离胶粉后,使用光学显微镜测定胶粉粒径的变化,提出体积膨胀率表征胶粉在沥青中的体积变化;并对用筛析方法分离胶粉后的沥青样品,进行了红外光谱(IR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析.结果表明:制备胶粉改性沥青过程中,溶胀和降解是影响胶粉体积的两个重要因素,随着胶粉掺量增加、制备温度升高和处理时间延长,体积膨胀率均呈先增大后减小趋势;溶胀后的橡胶分子发生断链降解释放出小分子物质溶于沥青组分发挥改性作用,特征官能团吸收峰大幅增强;195℃,1.5 h和175℃,3.0 h制备的沥青样品DSC谱线出现了强烈的吸热峰,即处理温度过高或时间过长,可能发生胶粉过度降解、胶粉团聚或沥青老化行为,使胶粉改性沥青的物化状态发生改变,导致性能劣化.从胶粉溶胀与降解的角度,建议胶粉掺量在20%左右,处理温度不高于195℃,处理时间不超过1.5 h.     

银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征分析

研究银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征并探讨鉴定这些化合物的新方法.用热重分析法(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯进行热特征分析.所有样品的热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)曲线都有各自的谱图特征,其DSC曲线的峰形、峰位置和峰值也有特征;银杏萜内酯A、B、C的稳定性较差,不能准确测得其熔点;白果内酯受热稳定,能够测得其熔点.利用TGA和DSC法容易鉴定银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯.用TG-DTG法对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯在非等温条件下进行热分解动力学研究,把从TG-DTG曲线中得到的数据和30个不同的方程采用Achar微分法和Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan(MKN)积分法对其进行非等温分解动力学研究,得到动力学参数活化能(E和指前因子A)和分解动力学机理及方程.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman