速度对列车通过隧道时车内热力学性质的影响

应用相对论和热力学理论以及热力学模型,研究了高速列车行驶时,厢内气体的热力学性质和分子分布以及列车通过隧道时车内压力波动规律.以理想气体为例,探讨了列车速度对它们的影响.结果表明:①与静止时相比,列车高速行驶时,车内总粒子数、压强等不变,而温度将降低,体积将减小,粒子能量ε、动量g和系统的能量E都将增大,而且速度越大,这种变化越大;②列车运动时,车内气体分子分布与静止时不同;③考虑相对论效应后,列车通过隧道时车内压力波动要比不考虑相对论效应情况的压力波动要大.但在目前列车速度情况下,这种影响很小.     

风雨联合作用下城轨车辆横风载荷特性研究

为分析风雨环境下城市轨道交通高架线路区段列车的横风载荷特性,采用双方程湍流模型和离散相模型相结合的方法,对不同降雨强度、横风风速和运行车速条件下列车横向风载荷进行了研究.结果表明:列车的横风载荷随着环境横风速度和列车运行速度的增大而增大,而降雨强度对列车横风载荷的影响不明显;解耦分析降雨因子影响可知,当雨滴直径小于1.6 mm时,横风载荷系数随雨量的增大而增大,随雨滴直径的增大而减小;当雨滴直径大于1.6 mm时,横风载荷系数随雨量的增大而减小,随雨滴直径的增大而增大.     

固液两相流粒子冲蚀钻头内流道磨损

针对固液两相流粒子冲蚀钻头内流道磨损机制,应用固液两相流离散相模型(discrete phase model,DPM),建立钻头内流道冲蚀磨损的物理模型,获得粒子参数对内流道磨损的影响规律,并进行室内实验,验证DPM模型的有效性。研究结果表明:粒子对钻头内流道冲蚀磨损主要分布在内流道收缩面,越靠近钻头中心轴线,磨损率越大;随粒子入口速度的增大,内流道平均磨损率增大;随粒子直径的增大,内流道平均磨损率先减小后增大,最后趋于稳定,当直径为2.0 mm时平均磨损率最小;随粒子体积分数的增大,内流道平均磨损率近似呈直线增加;当粒子入口角度为50°时,内流道平均磨损率最大;压力对于内流道磨损影响较小;进行100 h磨损实验后,钻头内流道的磨损率减小了0.80%。     

基于ALE算法的水射流破土特性

为探究水射流破土过程中射流参数对破土特性的影响,通过ALE流固耦合算法建立了淹没状态下水射流破土的数值模型,开展水射流破土的室内试验验证了数值计算结果的准确性。基于数值模型分析不同射流速度和靶距下冲蚀深度与体积的变化特征,探讨射流参数对破土特性的影响机制。研究结果表明：水射流破土形成的冲蚀深度随着射流速度的增大而逐渐变大,且随着射流时间的增加会呈现线性增长、缓慢稳定增长和稳定三个阶段;靶距越大冲蚀深度越小,但冲蚀体积受射流速度的影响较大,在低速时冲蚀体积随靶距的减小而增大,而在高速时冲蚀体积则会先减小后增大再减小;基于试验结果分析敏感性可知射流速度对冲蚀深度与体积的影响程度要大于靶距。     

弯管中气固两相流冲蚀模拟研究

以某含有固体杂质微粒的输气过程为研究背景,运用ANSYS-FLUENT软件中E/CRC冲蚀磨损模型,对输气管道中的90°弯管进行气-固两相流的模拟计算,讨论不同的气体速度、固体杂质微粒的质量流率以及固体杂质微粒的微粒粒径对弯管的冲蚀磨损的影响.分析结果表明:气体入口速度越大,90°弯管的冲蚀率越大;固体杂质微粒质量流率越大,90°弯管的冲蚀率越大;当微粒粒径小于某一临界值时,微粒粒径越大,冲蚀率减小,当微粒粒径大于这一临界值时,微粒粒径越大,冲蚀率越大.在工程应用中可用于气体运输管道的检测,节约检测成本,提高管道输气的安全性.     

页岩气压裂三通管汇冲蚀磨损分析

为了探索在页岩气水力压裂作业中,压裂液对四种夹角三通管汇的冲蚀与磨损规律,基于固液两相流模型、颗粒轨迹模型和冲蚀速率模型,在Fluent中对30°、45°、60°和90°4种角度的三通管汇构建了冲蚀磨损模型。并根据不同的流体速度、颗粒质量流量、直径和压裂液黏度进行数值模拟仿真,总结三通管汇在各因素综合下的冲蚀磨损规律。结果表明：管汇的最大冲蚀率随流速的增大呈幂函数增长;管汇冲蚀率与质量流量的增大近似呈线性增长;在颗粒直径大于临界值时,管汇冲蚀率显著变大;管汇冲蚀率随着压裂液黏度的增加而缓慢减小,并随着其继续增大而趋于平缓。因此为减小管汇冲蚀磨损量,可以适当减小质量流量,选用0.001 5 Pa·s黏度左右的压裂液、450μm左右颗粒直径的支撑剂和30°夹角的三通管汇。结果可为三通管汇的选型、断裂以及失效提供一定的参考依据。     

风障对桥上高速列车气动特性影响的风洞试验

为考虑侧风作用下风障对桥上高速列车气动特性的影响,以高速列车与双线简支箱梁桥为原型,自主研制了缩尺比为1:20的风障-车-桥模型风洞试验模型装置。测试高速列车的头车、中车及尾车各自的气动力。分析风速、列车位于桥梁的横向位置、不同风障高度与透风率、风偏角对高速列车气动系数的影响,最后以静力轮重减载率作为风障防风效果评价指标,给出风障气动选型参数建议值。研究结果表明:雷诺数对车-桥系统的气动性能影响有限;桥梁上设置风障可明显减小列车所受气动力;列车位于迎风侧线路时运行时所受气动荷载较大;随着风障高度的增大,列车气动力系数减小;当风障增加到某一高度后列车气动系数基本不再随风障高度变化,但随着透风率增大而增大;当风偏角小于等于20°时,高度为4 m,透风率为0%风障的挡风效果较好,而当风偏角大于20°时,高度为4 m,透风率为30%风障的挡风效果较优。研究结论可为实际工程中风障气动选型提供参考。     

防滑控制参数对高速车辆车轮磨耗的影响

结合车辆系统动力学模型,建立考虑制动缸压力非线性特性的高速车辆制动防滑控制模型,研究制动过程中防滑参数对车轮磨耗的影响。研究结果表明:在低黏着条件下紧急制动,减速度法与蠕滑率法共同防滑时,车轮磨耗会随着速度的较小逐渐增大,随着蠕滑率阈值的增大先增大后保持不变,并且磨耗不变时所对应的蠕滑率阈值随着速度的减小而增大。建议在车轮磨耗保持不变后蠕滑率阈值可采用其他方式进行优化设计。     

不同头部外形高速列车气动性能风洞试验研究

通过对包括CRH2在内的4种不同纵向长细比比例尺为1∶8的高速列车模型进行风洞试验,分析雷诺数对车辆气动力系数的影响;比较4种高速列车模型的气动力特性;对不同流线型外形列车进行大侧偏角试验,研究高速列车在侧风作用下的安全性.研究结果表明:列车流线型头部越长,鼻形更加突出尖锐,头部流线型更加光滑,更有利于降低空气阻力;当模型列车流线型长度相差不大时,纵向长细比系数越大即车头外形越细长,对减阻越有利;4种动车组头车、中车和尾车的侧向力及升力系数均随侧滑角的增大而迅速增大;当侧滑角大于10°时,头部最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率较大的模型,横风作用下的侧向力系数比其他3种模型车的侧向力系数显著增大,升力系数较小.     

高庙子膨润土悬浮液的抗冲蚀流变特性

采用流变仪对高庙子膨润土悬浮液在不同水固比、掺加盐溶液类型及浓度的条件下的抗冲蚀流变特性进行了研究,得到了各种情况下膨润土悬浮液的屈服应力,再结合Stoke公式计算了引起膨润土悬浮液冲蚀的初始水流速度.研究表明:随着水固比的增加,膨润土流变曲线逐渐下移;对于水固比小于5.0的膨润土悬浮液,当剪切速率较小时呈现假塑性流体特征,而当剪切速率达到一定值时,流变曲线斜率趋于定值;对于水固比大于5.0的膨润土悬浮液,则始终表现为假塑性流体特征,且随着水固比的增大,膨润土悬浮液牛顿流体特征逐渐增强;随着NaCl浓度的增加,膨润土悬浮液屈服应力先减小后增大,而随着CaCl2浓度的增加,膨润土悬浮液屈服应力则不断减小;引起膨润土悬浮液发生冲蚀破坏所需的最低水流速度在10-4~10~(-2)m·s~(-1)范围内.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.