壶流河流域非点源磷污染危险性评价

随着壶流河湿地自然保护区内工业废水和城镇污水等得到治理、污染程度减轻的同时,来自农业活动及土地利用的非点源污染成为壶流河水环境污染的重要影响因素.文章研究壶流河水环境现状,并在此基础上进一步探讨壶流河湿地自然保护区流域非点源污染研究中存在的主要问题,并对流域非点源污染研究进行展望.     

江东：推动科技创新平台跨越式发展

近年来，江东区政府围绕创新型城区建设的目标，深入实施“科技强区”战略，通过财政科技政策的引导，不断提高推动科技创新平台的建设，以提升区域自主创新的整体能力。2005年、2006年和2007年江东区财政科技经费投入分别为3195万元、4623万元和5990万元，占当年财政支出的比例分别为4．03％、4．48％和4．6％，2006年、2007年的年增长率分别为44．7％、29．6％，高于财政收入的增长幅度，其中科技三项经费支出额分别为2190万元、2765万元和3100万元，2006年和2007年的年增长率分别为26．3％和12．1％。     

农业非点源污染的研究进展与治理对策

文章从农业非点源污染的概念、现状及研究进展出发,介绍了各个时期非点源污染模型的理论依据及适用范围;并指出我国在相关领域存在的问题。最后从行政法规、经济手段、教育及自愿参与等方面提出了农业非点源污染控制与治理对策,以促进流域的可持续发展。     

改进的输出系数法在农业污染源估算中的应用

农业污染源是非点源污染的重要来源,了解农业污染源现状是研究流域非点源污染的前提.该文考虑了降雨和地形特征对污染物迁移的损失,并给出了降雨与地形特征对流域农业源污染损失系数的确定方法,研究了改进的输出系数模型.将改进的输出系数模型应用于鄱阳湖流域的4个小区域内,并分别计算4个小流域的降雨和地形特征影响因子,对各种污染物输出系数进行率定和验证,使改进后的输出系数模型更符合农业源污染物运动机理,通过计算发现,部分模拟精度有所提高,并得到了一组适合鄱阳湖流域农业源非点源污染物的输出系数,将其应用到整个鄱阳湖流域的农业源污染物的快速估算,为鄱阳湖流域非点源污染控制提供了科学依据.     

人工湿地对洱海湖滨地区农业非点源污染控制示范研究

采用植物碎石床人工湿地和湖滨带湿地对云南省大理白族自治州洱海湖滨地区2．77Km^2示范区农业非点源污水进行处理。试验结果表明：植物碎石床人工湿地系统对示范区生活及禽畜养殖污水进行处理污染物的去除效果明显，在高水力负荷(62～103cm/d)条件下，各湿地出水水质较好。对COD、TN和TP的去除率分别为83％～97％、50％～87％和78％～94％；对COD、TN和TP去除量分别为10．6～140．2、0．9～104．3和0．27～3．3(g/(m^2．d))。试验示范运行结果还表明，湖滨湿地对减少农灌排水及降雨径流水体中氮和磷的负荷、消耗营养物质并截流水土流失中的泥沙具有极好的去除效果。对SS、NH4-N、KTN和TP的去除率分别为79．7％～81．8％、60％～68．9％、53．8％～57．7％和76．5％～84．5％。对有机物也有明显降解效果。试验结果显示，人工湿地是一种适合应用于发生在农村地区的非点源污染控制的工艺方法。具有基建费用低，运行成本低，维护技术低的技术特点，因此,在洱海流域地区有很好的推广应用前景。     

农业非点源污染排污权交易机制研究——以重庆市临江河流域为例

探索农业非点源污染排污权交易机制，以期为农业非点源污染的有效治理提供有效思路。从交易主体、交易对象、初始排污权分配、交易动力、交易机制的监督和保障等方面探讨了将农业非点源污染纳入排污权交易体系的必要性与可行性，在初始排污权分配方面提出削减历史分配模式、环境负荷分配模式、人口分配模式、经济分配模式和基于上述4种模式的综合分配模式，并计算了重庆市临江河流域内各镇(街道)级行政单元的初始污染物分配量，并结合实际排污量求出它们的排污权可交易额。研究结果显示研究区内各镇(街道)级行政单元初始污染物分配量存在差异，但排污权可交易额基本为正值，满足排污权交易的前提。上述案例分析结果初步论证了将农业非点源污染纳入排污权交易体系的可行性，在一定程度上丰富了现有排污权交易机制的内容。     

恢复额济纳旗生态环境的支付意愿研究

运用条件估值方法研究了黑河流域居民对恢复额济纳旗生态环境的支付意愿．结果发现：黑河流域居民每年对恢复额济纳旗生态环境的总体支付意愿在1435．27—2435．24万元之间；居民的支付意愿受户籍、性别、受教育程度、年龄和家庭收入等因素的影响而差别显著；居民支付意愿的选择方式以捐款为主；在黑河流域400份有效问卷就能满足研究的需要．     

湖库型水源地污染防治工程研究——以梁平县沙坝水库为例

以重庆市梁平县沙坝水库为例,将水源地污染分为内源、点源及非点源污染3种,在此基础上分别提出相应的防治工程建设并进行了经费预算;研究结果表明:按此分类进行的有针对性的防护措施可操作性强;沙坝水库防护工程预算为4 818.84万元,其中,内源污染防治工程为191.39万元,点源污染防治工程为4 440.30万元,非点源污染防治工程为187.15万元。     

滇池湖滨湿地公园游憩价值评估研究

以滇池湖滨带的6个湿地公园作为研究对象，使用旅行费用法(TCM)中的旅行费用区间分析法(TCIA)评估它们的游憩价值.通过问卷调查，收集了相关数据，并使用三次方函数对游客的旅游意愿需求曲线进行了拟合，以估算游客的消费者剩余.综合统计分析得出的旅行费用、时间机会成本和消费者剩余，可以得出湿地公园的游憩价值.此外，还分析了影响湿地公园游客支付意愿的因素，以及公园管理模式对游憩价值的影响.根据研究结果，在2018年11月至2019年10月期间，捞渔河、海东、海埂、东大河、西华和古滇精品湿地公园的游憩价值分别为4 349.43、4 763.88、11 387.88、721.06、454.07万元和54 630.97万元，6个湿地公园的总游憩价值为7.63亿元.影响游客支付意愿的因素包括性别、受教育程度、月收入、对花草树木满意度和对服务设施满意度.同时，公园的管理模式影响游客到湿地公园旅游的偏好，进而影响湿地公园的游憩价值.     

洱海湖滨地区农村面源污染综合控制技术试验示范项目通过省验收、鉴定

按照经济和环境的发展规律，今后的10—20年是我国农村面源污染的高速增长期，在经济发展水平较低的农村地区，尤其西部地区进行面源污染控制难度非常大。为解决控制非点源污染，治理水环境的难题，云南省科技厅与大理州政府于2002年共同出资238万元设立了《洱海湖滨地区农村面源污染综合控制技术试验示范》项目，面向全国招标。该项目要求归纳农村面源污染的特征。有针对性地进行农村面源污染综合控制技术的研究试验示范，以总结寻求出一套技术可靠、经济实用、有效可行，宜于在洱海流域推广应用的农村面源成套控制对策及工程技术。由国家环境保护总局华南环境科学研究所、大理州农业科学研究所组成的项目联合体最终中标。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.