农业非点源污染排污权交易机制研究——以重庆市临江河流域为例

探索农业非点源污染排污权交易机制，以期为农业非点源污染的有效治理提供有效思路。从交易主体、交易对象、初始排污权分配、交易动力、交易机制的监督和保障等方面探讨了将农业非点源污染纳入排污权交易体系的必要性与可行性，在初始排污权分配方面提出削减历史分配模式、环境负荷分配模式、人口分配模式、经济分配模式和基于上述4种模式的综合分配模式，并计算了重庆市临江河流域内各镇(街道)级行政单元的初始污染物分配量，并结合实际排污量求出它们的排污权可交易额。研究结果显示研究区内各镇(街道)级行政单元初始污染物分配量存在差异，但排污权可交易额基本为正值，满足排污权交易的前提。上述案例分析结果初步论证了将农业非点源污染纳入排污权交易体系的可行性，在一定程度上丰富了现有排污权交易机制的内容。

Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Emissions Trading Mechanism Research: Take Linjiang River Basin in Chongqing as an Example

Explore the agricultural non-point source pollution emission trading mechanism, in order to provide effective ideas for the effective management of agricultural non-point source pollution. It discusses the necessity and feasibility of incorporating agricultural non-point source pollution into the emission trading system from the aspects of transaction subject, transaction object, initial emission right distribution, transaction motivation, supervision and guarantee of transaction mechanism. In the aspect of initial emission right distribution, the reduction history distribution mode, environmental load distribution mode, population distribution mode, economic distribution mode and comprehensive distribution mode based on the above four modes are proposed. The initial pollutant distribution amount of each town (subdistrict) level administrative unit in the study area is calculated, and their emission rights can be traded in combination with the actual emission amount. The results show that there are differences in the initial pollutant distribution of each town (subdistrict) administrative unit in the study area, but the tradable amount of emission rights is basically positive, which meets the premise of emission trading. The above case analysis results preliminarily demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating agricultural non-point source pollution into the emission trading system, and enrich the content of the existing emission trading mechanism to a certain extent.