秽蝇族种类的订正(双翅目:蝇科)

中国秽蝇族共有9个属,其中秽蝇属种类128种,溜头秽蝇属种类48种,分别是秽蝇族中较大的属。近年来中国各地报告秽蝇族种类很多,多在国外SCI刊物发表,国内学者在文献资料不全、标本较少和对种群个体变异认知不足的情况下,在发表的秽蝇族种类中很难避免出现同物异名或异物同名等问题。在完成国家自然科学基金项目的过程中,发现了《雷公山景观昆虫》专著中的秽蝇属和溜头秽蝇属的部分种类存在一些问题,其中秽蝇属8个种和溜头秽蝇属的12个种存在同物异名的次异名,共20种,根据外部和尾器形态特征相结合的方法分别作了订正。     

中国丽蝇科三新种(双翅目：丽蝇科)

1982-1987年采自中国四川山区蝇类标本中,发现丽蝇科Calliphoridae丽蝇族Calliphorini三新种宽颜拟粉蝇Polleniopsislatifacialissp．nov．,红头陪丽蝇Bellardiaruffcepssp．nov．,华夏蚓蝇Onesiahuaxiaaesp．nov．模式标本存沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所．     

长江秽蝇和二刺齿股蝇雌性首次发现(双翅目:蝇科)

首次发现长江秽蝇及二刺齿股蝇雌性成蝇,对其外部形态进行了补充描述,并绘制了产卵管、受精囊及腹板图.研究标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国阳蝇属六异名记述(双翅目:蝇科)

阳蝇属是蝇科最大的属之一,迄今全世界已知阳蝇属约666种,分布于世界各大地理区。近年来对阳蝇属种团和类群的研究,发现在我国阳蝇属中存在一些异名问题。在我国阳蝇属已知226种中,发现小兴安阳蝇(Helina xiaoxinganna Xue,2001)、茂县阳蝇(Helina maoxianica Feng,2008)、后曲阳蝇(Helina postiflexa Xue,Feng& Tong,2008)、团宝山阳蝇(Helina tuanbaoshanica Feng,2007)、兴凯阳蝇(Helina xingkaihuica Feng& Ye,2007)和错那阳蝇(Helinacuonaica Feng&Xu,2008)等6个种存在同物异名问题,并根据模式标本及原始文献,指出了同物异名的理由,明确给予了订正。     

中国蝇科池蝇族分布（I）（双翅目：蝇科）

记录了中国蝇科池蝇族3属55种，并介绍了其分布。     

似眼蝇亚科中国新记录及一新种（双翅目：眼蝇科）

广西猫儿山昆虫考察中采到一只罕见的眼蝇，为似眼蝇属的一新种；似眼蝇亚科在中国则为初次发现，使我国眼蝇科区系四个亚科均有了代表。     

中国蝇科秽蝇族名录

记录了秽蝇族１０属１１５种,其中无叶溜秽蝇Ｃａｒｉｃｅａ ａｃｅｒｃａ（Ｘｕｅ, ＷａｎｇｅｔＮｉ）,弯叶尾秽蝇Ｐｙｇｏｐｈｏｒａｃｕｒｕａ（Ｃｕｉ ｅｔ Ｘｕｅ）和直叶尾秽蝇Ｐｙｇｏｐｈｏｒａ ｒｅｃｔａ（Ｃｕｉ ｅｔ Ｘｕｅ）是新组合。     

秽蝇属一新种：双翅目：蝇科

报道了秽蝇属一新种：豹爪秽蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｕｎｇｕｌｉｐａｒｄｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

中国溜芒蝇属Lispocephala Pokorny初步研究(双翅目:蝇科)

溜芒蝇属LispocephalaPokorny是蝇科秽蝇亚科秽蝇族的一个较大的属,本文描述了其属征及生物学、生态学特性,并报告了我国产溜芒蝇35种,其中8个种为新组合种(5,10,19,21,23,24,27和33号),17个种为待发表的新种.     

中国丽蝇科三新种

１９８２￣１９８７年采自中国四川山区蝇类标一中发现丽蝇科Ｃａｌｌｉｐｈｏｒｉｄａｅ丽蝇族Ｃａｌｌｉｐｈｏｒｉｎｉ三新种：宽颜拟粉蝇Ｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｏｐｓｉｓ ｌａｔｉｆａｃｉａｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，红头陪丽蝇Ｂｅｌｌａｒｄｉａｒｕｆｕｃｅｐｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，华夏蚓蝇Ｏｎｅｓｉａ ｈｕａｘｉａａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本存沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所     

三极细胞有丝分裂中期纺锤体的激光共聚焦显微镜观察

用松胞素 Ｂ（ Ｃｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎ Ｂ, Ｃ Ｂ）处理培养的 Ｈｅｌａ 细胞,抑制胞质分裂,引起 Ｈｅｌａ 细胞发生不正常分裂,可形成多极细胞（三极、四极等）．通过荧光免疫染色法显示多极细胞有丝分裂中期的微管,使用激光共聚焦显微系统观察三极细胞纺锤体和中期染色体的空间相对关系,推测了纺锤体微管的分布与有丝分裂后期染色体分离的相关性．本方法还可用于研究有丝分裂期纺锤体微管对胞质分裂分裂沟形成的影响．     

Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase

Chemicals that target microtubules induce mitotic stress by affecting several processes that occur during mitosis. These processes include separation of the centrosomes in prophase, alignment of the chromosomes on the spindle in metaphase and sister-chromatid separation in anaphase. Many human cancers are sensitive to mitotic stress. This sensitivity is being exploited for therapy and implies checkpoint defects. The known mitotic checkpoint genes, which prevent entry into anaphase when the chromosomes are not properly aligned on the mitotic spindle, are, however, rarely inactivated in human cancer. Here we describe the chfr gene, which is inactivated owing to lack of expression or by mutation in four out of eight human cancer cell lines examined. Normal primary cells and tumour cell lines that express wild-type chfr exhibited delayed entry into metaphase when centrosome separation was inhibited by mitotic stress. In contrast, the tumour cell lines that had lost chfr function entered metaphase without delay. Ectopic expression of wild-type chfr restored the cell cycle delay and increased the ability of the cells to survive mitotic stress. Thus, chfr defines a checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase in response to mitotic stress.     

甘蓝-白芥单体异附加系自交后代的GISH分析

将甘蓝-白芥单体异附加系自交,获得了其自交后代.利用基因组原位杂交(genomicin situhy-bridization,GISH),结合双色荧光原位杂交(dual-colour fluorescencein situhybridization,dcFISH)技术,从这些自交后代中鉴定出了纯合的甘蓝-白芥二体异附加系植株.GISH分析结果表明,甘蓝-白芥二体异附加系有丝分裂中期具有18条甘蓝染色体及2条白芥染色体,减数分裂中期I表现为9个C染色体二价体及1个S染色体二价体,减数分裂后期I会出现落后的1对S染色体,有时落后的1对S染色体形成染色体桥.     

钙调素对肿瘤细胞周期的调节作用

利用钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)研究了钙调素对HeLa细胞周期进程的影响,TFP处理的细胞被阻抑在G_1/S,使S期群体及DNA合成下降,G_2期群体增加.有丝分裂(M)前期细胞减少,中期细胞增加.结果表明钙调素对G_1至S期.G_2至M期和M中期至M后期具有调节作用,钙调素通过细胞周期中上述3个位点对肿瘤细胞增殖进行调节.     

The reversibility of mitotic exit in vertebrate cells

A guiding hypothesis for cell-cycle regulation asserts that regulated proteolysis constrains the directionality of certain cell-cycle transitions. Here we test this hypothesis for mitotic exit, which is regulated by degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activator, cyclin B. Application of chemical Cdk1 inhibitors to cells in mitosis induces cytokinesis and other normal aspects of mitotic exit, including cyclin B degradation. However, chromatid segregation fails, resulting in entrapment of chromatin in the midbody. If cyclin B degradation is blocked with a proteasome inhibitor or by expression of non-degradable cyclin B, Cdk inhibitors will nonetheless induce mitotic exit and cytokinesis. However, if after mitotic exit, the Cdk1 inhibitor is washed free from cells in which cyclin B degradation is blocked, the cells can revert back to M phase. This reversal is characterized by chromosome recondensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, assembly of microtubules into a mitotic spindle, and in most cases, dissolution of the midbody, reopening of the cleavage furrow, and realignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. These findings demonstrate that proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin B provides directionality for the M phase to G1 transition.     

Mouse Karyotype Obtained by Combining DAPI Staining with Image Analysis

In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.     

豇豆属3种植物染色体的核型比较分析

采用去壁低渗火焰干燥Giemsa染色法,对小豆、绿豆、豇豆3种豇豆属植物核型进行了研究.结果表明,3种植物的染色体核型公式均为2n=2x=22=18m 4sm.所不同的是小豆和绿豆两条sm染色体分别为第2、3对,而豇豆的sm染色体则为第2和第6对.按照Stebbins核型分类方法,细胞类型均为2B.3种植物的染色体相对长度组成各不相同.     

植物细胞染色体有丝分裂技术

植物细胞染色体观察在物种亲缘关系鉴定、染色体变异和杂种分析等工作中有广泛的用途,是遗传学中最基本和常用的方法。该文结合遗传学实验教学,以蚕豆根尖作为实验的材料,介绍植物细胞染色体有丝分裂的制片,结果制备出理想的观察标本,可观察到细胞周期各个时期的主要特征,尤其是染色体的变化。     

硫酸铈诱导果蝇氧化应激及细胞凋亡的研究

本实验主要研究了稀土硫酸铈（Ce（SO4）2）对果蝇氧化应激生物标记物和细胞凋亡的影响.果蝇培养在不同质量浓度（1,4,16,64,256,1 024 mg/L）的硫酸铈培养基中,分别测定其SOD,CAT和脂质过氧化产物（即MDA含量）,同时用彗星电泳和体外切割DNA实验来检测果蝇细胞中DNA损伤程度,用DNA Laddering法和TUNEL法测定稀土元素Ce对果蝇细胞凋亡的影响.与对照组相比,当Ce（SO4）2质量浓度低于16 mg/L时,果蝇体内SOD和CAT活性显著增加,MDA含量变化不明显;而当Ce（SO4）2质量浓度高于16 mg/L时,SOD和CAT活性明显下降,MDA含量上升.彗星电泳的结果表现为随着硫酸铈剂量的递增,果蝇中肠细胞的彗星率、彗星尾长和Olive尾矩增加,并表现为明显的剂量效应关系.果蝇体外实验结果表明,硫酸铈能打断DNA,使其片段化;同时,TUNEL结果显示果蝇中肠细胞呈现凋亡细胞的特征性蓝绿色颗粒,但DNA琼脂糖电泳没有表现出细胞凋亡特征性的梯形条带图谱.硫酸铈诱导果蝇的氧化应激可以使果蝇中肠细胞SOD和CAT活性降低,MDA含量上升,使中肠细胞出现凋亡特征.由此推断,硫酸铈可诱导果蝇细胞中遗传物质的损伤,对果蝇有一定的氧化毒性和遗传毒性作用．     

Sister-chromatid separation at anaphase onset is promoted by cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1.

Cohesion between sister chromatids is established during DNA replication and depends on a multiprotein complex called cohesin. Attachment of sister kinetochores to the mitotic spindle during mitosis generates forces that would immediately split sister chromatids were it not opposed by cohesion. Cohesion is essential for the alignment of chromosomes in metaphase but must be abolished for sister separation to start during anaphase. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of sister-chromatid cohesion depends on a separating protein (separin) called Esp1 and is accompanied by dissociation from the chromosomes of the cohesion subunit Scc1. Here we show that Esp1 causes the dissociation of Scc1 from chromosomes by stimulating its cleavage by proteolysis. A mutant Scc1 is described that is resistant to Esp1-dependent cleavage and which blocks both sister-chromatid separation and the dissociation of Scc1 from chromosomes. The evolutionary conservation of separins indicates that the proteolytic cleavage of cohesion proteins might be a general mechanism for triggering anaphase.