昆明地区常绿栎类萌生灌丛群落特征与地上部分生物量的研究

依据植物群落的结构,主要层的优势种差异和生境的一致性,对昆明地区常绿栎类萌生灌丛划分群落类型,即滇石栎萌生灌木群落、滇青冈萌生灌木群落、光叶石栎萌生灌木群落、元江栲萌生灌木群落和窄叶青冈萌生灌木群落等五个主要群落类型.分析了群落特征,地上部分生物量与生境条件之间的关系,群落的资源与生态价值等,以提供时常绿栎类萌生灌丛的开发利用,经营保护和植被恢复的科学依据.     

黄毛青冈群落的生物量研究

黄毛青冈群落是滇中半湿润常绿阔叶林的另一个群落类型。群落的总生物量为１３５，９０９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，其中树干占４８．３６％，枝占１５．４４％，叶占４．５１％，根占２７．７６％，凋落量占３．９３％群落的活生物童为１３０．５６９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，优势种黄毛青冈占５３．９５％，其它栎类占１６．５８％，其它常绿阔叶树占１８２８％，落叶树占７，１５％，灌木占３．８８％，草本植物占０．１６％。     

湘西洛塔喀斯特森林木本植物群落学特征研究

对湘西洛塔喀斯特森林木本植物群落的外貌、个体大小、垂直结构、水平分布和群落演替关系先进进行了调查研究。结果表明：喀斯特森林木本植物群落的外貌由青冈栎、石栎、头状四照花、五裂槭等中、小高位芽植物决定，其结构一般分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层、优势种有青冈栎、石栎、头状四照花和五裂槭；组成该群落的木本植物有３６种；个体高度呈金字塔增长趋势，径级结构也有类似结果；在水平分布上，优势种为集群分布，常见种则为随     

浙江六十田自然保护小区常绿阔叶林群落特征及优势乔木种的动态

对浙江省磐安县六十田省级自然保护小区常绿阔叶林的群落结构特征及其主要乔木树种的种群动态进行了调查研究.根据各树种的重要值判断,该地区常绿阔叶林的主要乔木组成种为东南石栎(Lithocarpusharlandii)、红楠(Machilus thunbergii)、木荷(Schima superba)、米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsisglauca)、紫楠(Phoebe sheareri)和华东楠(Machilus leptophylla),其中东南石栎和木荷为主要优势种.群落中乔木层、灌木层、草本层及藤本的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度都偏低,优势度相对较高;其生活型以包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占绝对优势,达85.45%;叶级以中型叶为主(占61.82%),小型叶次之(占29.09%);叶型以单叶占有较大的优势,达到89.09%;叶质以革质叶占优势(56.36%),纸质叶次之(40.00%).生活型及叶的特征表明该群落属于中亚热带常绿阔叶林.群落中主要乔木树种水平结构整体上呈均匀分布状态,说明群落中种内和种间竞争激烈.依据胸径级别频率分布的形状,7个主要组成种的种群结构可以大致归纳为:倒金字塔型、倒“J”型、纺锤型和双峰型.其中,种群结构呈倒金字塔型的东南石栎、米槠、青冈和紫楠及呈纺锤型的华东楠,因为缺乏幼苗和幼树,在演替过程中种群将衰退;而呈双峰型的红楠和呈倒“J”型的木荷,因有较为丰富的幼苗储备而将成为该群落的优势种.     

滇中地区滇青冈萌生灌木群落地上部分生物量的研究

本文对滇中地区分布的滇青冈萌生灌木群落.在群落学调查的基础上,应用收获法和维量分析法相结合,对群落生物量和主优势种——滇青冈树种地上部分的生物量,生物量的径级分布,各器官生物量的分布,及其各层生物量的分布规律的研究.以提供对这类萌生栎类灌丛开发利用、保护、经营管理方面的科学依据.     

黄毛青冈群落的净第一性生产量研究

本文研究了滇中地区半湿润常绿阔叶林黄青冈群落的净第一性生产量，其净生产量为１４１１．７ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，其中ｔ树干占４０．０９％，枝占２０．０２％，叶占２０．１８％，根占１８．６１％，叶被采食量占１．１０％。优势种黄毛青冈占４９．２０％，其它栎类占１３．１５％，其它常绿树占２４．８３％，落叶树占８．６２％，灌木和草本植物各占３．５８％和０．６１％。     

贵州柏菁喀斯特台原区常绿落叶阔叶林多样性研究

本文采用群落学研究方法，对贵州柏菁喀斯特台原区常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性与贵州其它自然保护区森林进行对比研究，结果表明：柏箐喀斯特台原区常绿落叶阔叶混交林的多样性特征与贵州典型的喀斯特森林差异较大，而与贵州喀斯特台原和常态地貌上发育的常绿落叶阔叶林相似；该区主要森林群落厚皮栲、樱群落（CC），厚皮栲、野茉莉群落（CS），厚皮栲、稠李群落（CP），花楸、石栎群落（SL）多样性较高，而分布生境严酷的杜鹃、巴东栎群落（RQ）、巴东栎群落（Q）和人为干扰强烈的珙桐群落（D）、大叶杨群落（P）物种多样性指数低；因对林下金佛山方竹长期经营，群落多样性垂直分布从乔木第一亚层到第二亚层多样性指数增大，而灌木层降低。     

厦门同安区金光湖常绿阔叶林的区系特征

金光湖植被主要是以木荷、红楠、米槠、青冈等种类为建群种或优势种的次生常绿阔叶林.其种类组成特点说明该地区植被在垂直结构上处于由南亚热带季雨林带向山地常绿阔叶林过渡的分界线上,与邻近地区植物区系在群落结构和组成特征方面的比较结果也说明金光湖植被具有由南亚热带雨林向中亚热带常绿阔叶林过渡的性质,区系比较结果表明金光湖植物区系与相邻地区的植物区系联系密切,且这种联系以热带、亚热带成分为主,具有明显的南亚热带性特点.     

生物量在建立优化群落结构中的应用：以昆明地区滇青冈萌生灌木群…

通过对昆明地区滇青冈萌生灌木群落优势种滇青冈萌枝的高生长，基径生长，生物量和生长量的研究，特别是滇青冈每个根桩上的萌枝数和萌枝群体生物量之间关系的研究，建立了高生产力优化群落结构，研究结果表明，优化的群落结构每个根桩上保留５个萌枝，每平方米保留２．２个萌枝，可使萌枝群体的生物量最大，建立优化的群落结构还要采取相应的措施，如去密留疏，去小留大，去弱留强等，这样才能充分发挥萌地灌木群落的优势，才能大幅     

水青冈群落物种多样性及乔木种群分布格局

应用5种多样性指标对雷公山水青冈(Fagus longipetiolata)群落的物种多样性进行了研究,并应用立木大小级对水青冈群落中的水青冈和青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)两个优势种群径级结构进行了对比分析,同时采用方差/均值的t检验法、Morisita指数Iq 的F 检验法、丛生指数I、负二项式指数K、平均拥挤系数m*和聚块性指数m*/m判定并检验了两种优势种群的分布格局,并按径级分样地进行了格局类型及强度的比较。结果表明,水青冈群落乔木层、灌木层物种多样性均较高,草本层多样性偏低,群落总的物种多样性(以丰富度表示)较高。在分布格局上,水青冈种群Ⅴ级占优势,在3 个样地中分别达到52%, 49. 1%,49.4%,Ⅰ级没有,Ⅱ级较少,表现为衰退种群;青冈栎种群Ⅳ级较多,Ⅰ、Ⅴ级在个体数量比水青冈种群多;群落中两优势种群均呈集群分布。分析径级结构得出,随径级增大,水青冈种群由随机分布向集群分布过渡,而青冈栎种群则由集群分布向随机分布过渡。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with