克鲁维酵母Y－85菊粉酶的研究

菊粉酶产生菌株─—克鲁维酵母Ｙ－８５在１５Ｌ罐中进行产酶发酵，培养２４ｈ，发酵液中菊粉酶的总活力可达１０３２ｕ／ｍｌ，其中胞壁酶活７６８ｕ／ｍｌ，占总酶活的７４％。用含半胱氨酸的缓冲液提取胞壁酶，酶的回收率达８８％，比活力可达１００８ｕ／ｍｇ．酶作用于菊糖的最适ｐＨ为４．５，最适温度为５０℃，在５０℃以下和ｐＨ４～８稳定，金属离子Ａｇ￣＋、Ｈｇ￣（２＋）对酶有强烈的抑制作用，ＰＣＭＢ对酶也有明显的抑制作用。该酶可水解菊糖，棉子糖和蔗糖等多种底物，能快速将菊芋抽提液中的菊糖水解成果糖，适合用于以菊芋为原料的高果糖浆生产。     

产菊糖酶菌株的选育及其营养需求的研究

从４７种真菌中筛选中２株能分解菊芋菊糖并产生低聚果糖的菌株,摇瓶发酵的适当条件为,基质含菊糖提取物４％,蛋白胨０．３％,尿素０．２％,温度３１℃,摇床转速２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,培养时间４２ｈ,最高产菊糖酶达２４０．３ｕ／ｍＬ,颗糖相对于菊糖的转化率最高为８１．４％,直接用固体菊芋粉接种培养所选菌种,加水保温,分解菊芋粉中的菊糖生产低聚果糖,在适宜的营养条件下,低聚果糖相对于菊芋粉的最高转化率为１４％。     

克鲁维酵母y－85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外的菊粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％．试验中以酶发酵液作酶液．该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２．酶液在５０，５５和６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％；在８℃下放置７ｄ，１４ｄ，酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％．在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十分稳定．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＋２分别可使酶活力提高１０．４％和４１．２％．ｙ－８５菊粉酶水解菊粉的适宜条件是：底物为总糖浓度１０％～１５％菊粉提取液，ｐＨ５．０，温度为５５℃，酶用量为底物每克糖加酶８００ｕ（以蔗糖为底物测酶活力）或２６．３ｕ（以菊糖为底物测酶活力）、搅拌酶解６ｈ．在上述条件上，底物降解率最高可达９８．５％．酶解液中，果糖占总还原糖量的８５％．用１１００Ｌ罐进行酶解中试，５批试验，底物降解率平均达９４．２％．     

菊芋的酶降解及其综合利用

菊芋富含菊粉,菊粉经菊粉酶一步酶解,可生产高果糖浆．报道了菊芋发酵生产菊粉酶、高果糖浆、酒精等研究结果,国内外研究进展以及酶解产物的综合利用．经诱变选育出的高产突变株ＡＬ１５４ 菊粉酶的活力达１４６ ．３ μ／ｍＬ,比出发株提高近３ 倍,菊粉酶酶解菊芋提取液的最适工艺条件为：ｐＨ５ ．０ ,６０ ℃,底物总糖浓度１０％ ～２０ ％ ,酶用量３ ．０ μ／ｇ菊糖,酶解时间１０ ｈ ,底物降解率达９７ ．２ ％ ,酶解产物中果糖占总糖的８６ ．１ ％ ．     

黑曲霉产酶过程中变温操作的研究

研究了温度对黑曲霉Ａｎ－１．１５生产木聚糖酶的影响,测定了正常条件下的产酶曲线。结果表明,２８℃下黑曲霉Ａｎ－１．１５产酶最高,采用变温操作,即前２４ｈ用３３℃而后用２７℃培养,可在不降低酶活性的情况下缩短发酵时间１６ｈ。     

亚硫酸盐废液戊糖,己糖同步酒精发酵的调控

休哈塔假丝酵母Ｒ（ＣａｎｄｉｄａｓｈｅｈａｔａｅＲ）用于亚硫酸盐制浆废液戊糖、己糖同步酒精发酵时，发酵液ｐＨ值呈规律性变化。引起ｐＨ值变化的原因是发酵过程中酸性非糖还原物被代谢及废液中存在醋酸。废液中已糖对戊糖代谢的抑制可通过调节空气量来解决。还研究了亚硫酸盐制浆废液适宜的发酵条件，在发酵初始ｐＨ５．０～５．５，温度３８±１℃，溶解氧浓度０．９～１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ￣－１的条件下对固形物为１９．９４％的亚硫酸盐制浆废液发酵３４ｈ，废液中戊糖、己糖能同步被酵母利用，糖的利用率为８９．９％，平均每克糖产酒精０．４０ｇ，是理论得率的８３．１％。     

固定化菊粉酶连续降解菊芋果聚糖的研究

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５产生并经部分纯化的胞内菊粉酶（ｅｎｄｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｉｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅ）,采用共价键交联吸附法固定化．以菊芋果聚糖为底物测定,所制得固定化酶在ｐＨ５．０和温度５５℃下反应显示最大活性,对热的稳定性和贮存稳定性比游离酶明显提高,并显示出外切菊粉酶（ｅｘｏｉｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅ）性质．在装有１７．６ｍＬ固定化酶填充床反应器（ｐａｃｋｅｄ－ｂｅｄｒｅａｃｔｏｒ）中,以１．７ｈ－１的空间速度进料,５０℃下连续操作４ｄ,４．５％菊芋果聚糖液可被１００％降解,反应器定容产率为７７．０ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｈ－１,半衰期２７ｄ,降解产物（总糖）含８５％果糖     

嗜碱芽孢杆菌NTT33β-甘露聚糖酶的特性研究

本文研究了嗜碱芽孢杆菌（ Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｌｋａｌｏｐｈｉｌｉｃ） Ｎ Ｔ Ｔ３３β－ 甘露聚糖酶的产生条件和酶学性质．其产酶的最佳碳源为 １％ 槐豆角,最佳氮源为 １％ 蛋白胨＋ ０．２％ 酵母膏,发酵培养３６ｈ 产酶量最高（达 ６１．３ｕ／ｍ ｌ）．甘油、葡萄糖、甘露醇等对产酶有强的阻遏作用．经分离纯化后测得纯酶的分子量为３８．９ Ｋ Ｄ,等电点 ｐ Ｉ为３．０,酶反应最适 ｐ Ｈ 为 ９．０～１０．０,最适温度为８０℃,稳定 ｐ Ｈ 为６．０～９．０,稳定温度为６０℃以下,金属离子中 Ｃｕ２＋ , Ｂａ２＋ , Ｍ ｇ２＋ , Ａｌ３＋ , Ｃｏ２＋ 对该酶有一定的激活作用,而 Ａｇ＋ , Ｈｇ２＋ , Ｍｎ２＋ 对该酶有明显抑制作用     

绿色木霉固态发酵产纤维素酶条件及酶性质的研究

对绿色木霉 Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ　ｖｉｒｉｄｅ９４０５固态发酵产纤维素酶的条件及酶的性质进行了研究。结果表明,最适产酶条件为：秸秆粉与麸皮的比 ７：３;玉米秸秆粉培养基含水量２５０％;花生皮粉培养基含水量１５０％;ｐＨ４．０～４．５;温度３０℃;周期７２ｈ。在玉米秸秆粉固体培养基上,所产纤维素酶ＣＭＣ活力为１３８６ｕ／ｇ,ＦＰＡ活力为２１７ｕ／ｇ,棉花糖化力为３２５ｕ／ｇ。必作用的最适条件为ｐＨ４． ５～５． ０,温度 ５０℃;在 ４５℃以下, ｐＨ３． ５～６． ０之间比较稳定,室温放置半年,酶活保存率在９０％以上。     

木聚糖降解菌的筛选和木聚糖酶性质的研究

筛选两株生长快、产木聚糖酶活力高的菌种；黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ，ＡＮ０１）、链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．Ｓｔｒ７Ｂ），酶活力分别达１２８ｍｇ／Ｌ·ｍｉｎ和１７６ｍｇ／Ｌ·ｍｉｎ；酶反应最适温度分别为６０℃与５０℃；最适ｐＨ值为５．０和６．０，并分别在ｐＨ２．２～５．０，５．８～６．４酶活性稳定；在６０℃条件下保温１．５ｈ，酶活力分别剩余２０．５％，８８．５％，其中ＡＮ０１株原酶液在９０℃保温１０ｍｉｎ，活力仍剩余１４．５％．Ｃｕ２＋对酶活表现出极强抑制，Ｆｅ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋，Ｃａ２＋等离子则有促进作用；用纸层析法探讨了不同培养时间各种产物产生的情况．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with