Preparation of exine-detached pollen inNicotiana tabacum

A method of preparing exine-detached pollen inNicotiana tabacum was established. Anthers containing early-middle binucleate pollen were cold-pretreated at 4–6°C for 7–14 days, and were suspended in 0.3 mol/L sucrose solution for 2 days. During this process, the exine of most pollen grains dehisced. Then they were transferred into an enzyme solution containing 1% cellulase, 1% pectinase, 0.1% pectolyase, 1 mol/L mannitol, 0.3 mol/L sorbitol, 0.5% potassium dextran sulphate and K3 medium macro elements. After 15–20 min enzymatic maceration, the exine was detached resulting in the release of exine-detached pollen. Factors affecting preparation of exine-detached pollen were investigated, including cold-pretreatment, osmoticum concentration and enzymes used. Xia Huijun: born in Oct. 1963, Ph.D. Current research interest is in plant reproductive biology Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

生物柴油植物麻疯树综合繁殖技术研究

研究发现,麻疯树种子在播种前进行剥壳处理,有利于种子萌发。播种以覆土1 cm左右的浅播为宜,适宜的发芽温度为30℃。采用组织培养技术繁育时,愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS＋1%琼脂＋3%蔗糖＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.9 mg/L效果最佳,不定芽分化培养基以MS＋1%琼脂＋3%蔗糖＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.3 mg/L较适宜,而1/2MS＋NAA 1.0 mg/L培养基生根效果较佳。采用扦插技术繁育时,插条越长生根率越高,短插条扦插时,结合200 mg/L的NAA进行促生根处理也能取得较好的效果。     

山苦菜无性系建立的研究

以山苦菜无芽嫩茎为外植体诱导愈伤组织,经过继代培养后,以生长状态良好的愈伤组织进行分化培养,继续进行分化苗的生根培养,建立起山苦菜的无性系.结果表明:MS+BA(1.0mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L)+蔗糖(30g/L)是愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的最佳培养基;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+蔗糖(15g/L);诱导不定芽生根的最佳培养基是1/4MS+IAA(0.2mg/L)+蔗糖(20g/L);山苦菜试管苗移栽的最佳基质为1/2园土+1/2河沙.     

粉葛再生体系建立的研究

为建立高效粉葛组织培养再生体系,以不同消毒方式、基本培养基、蔗糖浓度、外植体等处理,研究其对粉葛初代培养、继代培养和生根培养的影响。结果表明,以75%酒精30 s+0.1%升汞+吐温-80消毒8 min时,外植体的成活率最高,可达83.33%。外植体的最佳取材部位为带芽茎段,其平均株高可达2.13 cm,繁殖系数为2。MS为最佳的基本培养基,繁殖系数为1.26;蔗糖浓度以30 g/L为最佳,其平均株高为1.69 cm,繁殖系数为1.55;最佳初代培养基为MS+琼脂5.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L,其平均株高为3.13 cm,繁殖系数为3.17;最佳的继代培养基为MS+琼脂5.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+IBA 0.8 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L,其平均株高为1.86 cm,繁殖系数为3.44;最佳的生根培养基为MS+琼脂5.5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L,其生根率为100%,平均主根数达7.1根。通过组培条件优化,初步建立粉葛的再生体系。     

A practical artificial diet for the diamondback moth

A new artificial diet for the diamondback moth,Plutella Xylostella (L), had been selected out successfully. The diet contained the following constituents: soybean powder, wheat germ, wheat bran powder, brewer's yeast and other constituents. So far, the diamondback moth had been reared on this artificial diet for 25 generations and still mantained its normal biological characteristics. Under 25±1 C and 60%–75%RH with 12 h PH, the results of rearing the diamondback moth on the diet as follows: egg hatch, 81.3%–94.7%; survival from eggs to pupae, 55.0%–76.7%; pupal survival, 79.7%–100%; adult emergence, 80%–100%; fecundity 94.7–144. 4 eggs/♀; pupal weight, 90.4–110.8 mg/20 pupae; average days to adult: ♀, 10.2; ♂ 13.1. The diet is not only simpler on the constituents but also have better rearing results and more rearing generations. Li Guanghong: born in June 1965, Ph.D. graduate student. Current research interest is in entomo logical physiology Supported by the State Eighth Five-Year-Plan     

A method for determination of hexokinase activity by RP-HPLC

A method was established to determine the activity of hexokinase by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC).The activity of hexokinase was determined by detecting the amount of ADP in the reaction that converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.The separation degree of ATP and ADP was as good as 3.46(separation degree>1.5).In the range of 0.01-0.40 mmol/L,there was a good linear relationship between concentration of ADP and its peak areas(the correlation coefficient was 0.999).The relative standard deviation(RSD) of intraday was 1.43%-1.46%,that of interday was 2.12%-2.15%.At 30 °C(optimal temperature) and pH7.0(optimal pH),the recovery rate of hexokinase was 95.3%-97.6%.The results showed that the method had good precision and high recovery rate,and the enzyme activity was determined through only one-step reaction.To some extent,this method can reduce the cost.     

白花碎米荠组织培养及快速繁殖的研究

以白花碎米荠的嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养的方法,进行了愈伤组织诱导与分化,不定芽生根,试管苗的生根继代增殖培养与试管苗的移栽和定植的研究.结果证明:MS+6-BA 1.2 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L是嫩茎愈伤组织诱导培养的理想培养基;1/2MS+AgNO 31.0 mg/L与1/2MS+AgNO31.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L是愈伤组织分化培养的理想培养基;把不定芽的下部切口浸到浓度为5 mg/L的NAA溶液中处理约5 min,再将其接种到1/3MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L～0.7 mg/L两种培养基上进行生根培养的方法是不定芽生根培养的理想方法;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是试管苗生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基.试管苗移栽成活率为90.1%,定植成活率为96%.定植的试管苗保持了野生白花碎米荠的所有生物学性状.     

麻疯树根高效再生体系的建立及不定芽起源研究

为了克服现有麻疯树快繁技术的不足,分别以麻疯树胚根和子叶外植体诱导的不定根为外植体诱导不定芽.麻疯树子叶不定根诱导的最佳培养方式为:MS+5 mg/L IBA上培养4天,然后转至MS0培养基上生根.诱导生根率和生根数分别达到93.33%和6.54个/外植体.子叶不定根诱导不定芽的最佳培养基是MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+3 mg/L IAA,诱导率达到83.33%.麻疯树胚根的最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L IBA,分化率达67.80%,平均出芽数为3.25个/外植体.对麻疯树胚根再生的各阶段进行了石蜡切片观察,明确了不定芽起源于根的薄壁细胞层.与现有技术相比,本方法具有周期短、再生效率高的特点.     

Discovery of eclogite at northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China

Eclogite was first discovered at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin in this study. It occurs as pods in the gneiss sequence of Middle to Upper Proterozoic age and is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, phengite and rutile. The garnets contain 44%-62% of almandine, 15%-33% of grossular and 12%-30% of pyrope molecules, and the omphacites contain 40%-46% of jadeite. Applying garnet_clinopyroxene thermometry and jadeite geobarometry, the peak conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism occurred at about (722±123)℃ and at the pressure of up to c. 22 ×10 8 Pa.     

甜荞愈伤组织分化研究

研究了龙山荞、浦江荞、美国荞和牡丹荞四种甜荞子叶和下胚轴的愈伤组织形成与分化的影响因子.结果表明：17.8μmol/L～26.6μmol/L（4.0 mg/L～6.0 mg/L）的BA与0.9μmol/L（0.2 mg/L）的2,4-D配合使用可有效促进甜荞愈伤组织中芽的分化和芽的生长;高浓度的蔗糖（4.5%～6.0%）促进甜荞愈伤组织根的分化和愈伤组织的生长;在培养基中附加活性炭抑制甜荞愈伤组织分化根.     

Genome organization and phylogenetic tree analysis of Garlic virus E, a new member of genus Allexivirus

The complete sequence of an Allexivirus isolated from garlic plants in Yuhang City, Zhejiang Province, China had been determined. The single-strand, positive RNA genome was 8451 nucleotides in length excluding poly(A) tail. The genome organization of this virus was similar to that of the other Allexiviruses but only with 62.8%–64.8% nucleotide acid identities. The amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by ORF1-6 shared 67.6%–78.5%, 55.4%–66.2%, 56.7%–66.4%,40.3%–55.6%,66.3%–79.7%and 52.2%–68.8% identities with those of the others respectively. The homology range between it and the other Allexiviruses was similar to that between the other distinct species in this genus. A more comprehensive comparison using all available CP amino acid sequences showed that it shared only 63.9%–79.8% amino acids identical with the others. Therefore, it had been considered as a new member of the genus, named as garlic virus E (GarV-E). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed GarV-E as a distinct member and the correct names and classification of some members of genus Allexivirus were also discussed.     

栝楼的组织培养研究

本文对栝楼的快速繁殖,愈伤组织的诱导与再分化,不定根尖分化出不定芽进行了初步研究。结果表明:栝楼的腋芽在MS 6-BA 0.5mg/L培养基上可以快速繁殖。无根苗转移至MS NAA 0.2mg/L培养基上可以100%生根;栝楼茎段很容易诱导出愈伤组织,在MS NAA 1.0mg/L 6-BA 0.5mg/L培养基形成的愈伤组织通过继代培养35d后,形成茁壮的绿苗; 将栝楼长约1cm的不定根尖培养在MS 6-BA5-7mg/L的培养基上,均可以诱导出大量的不定芽。     

An experimental study of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at 1.5―3.0 GPa

Dehydration melting experiments were performed on ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from Bixiling in the Dabie orogen at 1.5--3.0 GPa and 800--950℃ using piston cylinder apparatus. The results show that （1） eclogite with -5% phengite started to melt at T≤800--850℃ and P = 1.5--2.0 GPa and produced about 3% granitic melt; （2） the products of dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite vary with temperature and pressure. Fluid released from dehydration of phengite and zoisite leads to partial melting of eclogite and formation of plagioclase reaction rim around kyanite at pressures of 1.5--2.0 GPa and temperatures of 800--850℃; （3） phengite reacted with omphacite and quartz and produced oligoclase, kyanite and melt at elevated temperatures. Oligoclase is the primary reaction product produced by partial melting of phengite in the eclogite; and （4） the dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa and temperatures ≥900℃ results in formation of garnets with higher molar fraction of pyrope （37.67 wt.%--45.94 wt.%）. Potassium feldspar and jadeite occur at P = 2.4--3.0 GPa and T≥900℃, indicating higher pressure and fluid-absent conditions. Our results constrain the solidus for dehydration melting of phengite-bearing eclogite at pressures of 1.5--3.0 GPa. Combining experi- mental results with field observations of partial melting in natural eclogites, we concluded that phengite-bearing eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen were able to partially molten at P= 1.5--2.0 GPa and T= 800--850℃ during exhumation. The ultrahigh-high pressure eclogites would have experienced partial melting in association with metamorphic phase transformation under different fluid conditions.     

A convenient preparation of enantiopure 1,1′-bi-2-naphtholsvia an inclusion complexation in the solid state

Inclusion reaction of racemic 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and (S)-proline was examined under the solid state and the solid-liquid conditions. The results indicated that a solid mixture of racemic 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and (S)-proline in a 1∶1 molar ratio was kept at 50–80 °C for 3–4 h, followed by treatment with benzene to give an insoluble solid and a benzene solution, from which (S)-(−)- and (R)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthols of a modest level of optical purity were obtained. After “kinetic” crystallization, both essentially enantiopure isomers were provided in 15%–35% overall yields, respectively. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29972033) and the Key Science Research Foundation of Hubei Province (891P1305) Biography: Shan Zi-xing (1945-), male, Professor, research direction: asymmetric synthesis.     

Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from marine carbonate source rocks characterization of products of gas and liquid hydrocarbon

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from the marine carbonate source rocks were determined and calibrated through kinetic simulating experiment. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation then were extrapolated to geological condition by using the relative software. The result shows that gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1, C_2, C_3, C_(4-5)) were generated in condition of 150℃相似文献   

紫色甘薯茎尖脱毒与快繁及试管苗移植技术研究

以紫色甘薯块根为外植体在70%酒精浸渍2 min,0.1%HgCl2溶液消毒12 min无菌下培养催芽,3-5 d获取无菌芽苗。茎尖分生组织（0.2-0.4 mm）含1-2片叶原基在MS＋6-BA 0.1 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L下诱导培养成不定芽苗,继而分段在MS＋6-BA0.25-1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2-0.3 mg/L培养基增殖快繁最佳。培养不定芽试管苗3-5 cm接种在1/2MS＋IAA0.25 mg/L＋IBA0.25 mg/L培养基5 d生根率100%。试管苗移植试验结果显示脱毒苗比种薯苗产量提高,藤蔓茂盛长势强,结薯整齐薯块大,薯皮光滑,颜色鲜艳,抗逆性增强。     

铁线莲‘朱卡’组织培养技术及再生体系的建立

【目的】以铁线莲‘朱卡’(Clematis ‘Julka’)的带芽茎段为起始材料,通过组织培养方法建立再生体系。【方法】利用腋芽诱导—不定芽增殖—生根和愈伤组织诱导—增殖—分化—生根两种途径,建立该品种的组织培养再生体系,形成铁线莲‘朱卡’完整植株。【结果】铁线莲‘朱卡’组织培养最适宜灭菌条件为质量分数10%次氯酸钠溶液灭菌12min;带芽茎段诱导腋芽最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L,不定芽增殖最适培养基为MS+IBA 0.20 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+GA₃ 0.2 mg/L;带芽茎段诱导愈伤组织最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L,愈伤组织增殖最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.20 mg/L +6-BA 2.0 mg/L,愈伤组织分化最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.03 mg/L+6-BA 3.0 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L。【结论】首次用两种器官发生方法建立了稳定高效的铁线莲‘朱卡’再生体系。直接形成不定芽时增殖倍数可达5.52。诱导愈伤组织途径的器官发生中,愈伤组织分化率可达76.7%,分化不定芽平均数超过3。两种途径诱导生根率都在90%以上。     

驱蚊草组织培养及其再生体系的建立与优化

通过对驱蚊草离体叶片和茎段的培养及植株再生的研究,成功地建立了驱蚊草组织培养快繁技术体系.用0.1%升汞对叶片、叶柄和茎段进行消毒,最佳消毒时间分别为6.5、6.0、7.0 m in;叶片和茎段不定芽诱导的最适培养基为M S BA(1.0 m g/L) NAA(1.0 m g/L),叶柄为M S BA(0.5 m g/L) NAA(0.5 m g/L);不定芽的最适增殖培养基为M S BA(0.75 m g/L) NAA(0.6 m g/L) GA3(0.2 m g/L),增殖倍数为6.1;最适生根培养基为1/2 M S培养基,生根率92%,平均每株生根数为10条.     

Fabrication and properties of anodic alumina humidity sensor with through-hole structure

Through-hole structural humidity sensor was fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering deposition of gold electrodes on two sides of anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） membranes which were prepared by two-step anodization procedure at 0-5℃ and 40 V in 0.5 mol/L oxalic acid electrolyte. The investigation on the impedance at various humid conditions showed a linear relationship between impedance and relative humidity over the range of 12%-97% RH. Other excellent properties such as rapid response and good reproducibility were also obtained,     

植物激素对荞麦组织培养的研究

分别用荞麦自然苗和无菌苗的幼茎和幼叶作材料进行荞麦的组织培养,结果发现,荞麦愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS 2,4-D(7.0 mg/L) 6-BA(0.5 mg/L),幼茎的出愈率为100%,在器官诱导实验中发现MS 2,4-D(0.2 mg/L) 6-BA(4.0 mg/L)为芽诱导的最佳培养基,诱导率高达90%;根诱导最佳培养基为MS 2,4-D(4.0 mg/L) KT(0.2 mg/L),诱导率为78%.虽然荞麦自然苗和无菌苗在愈伤组织和芽诱导中无明显差异,但自然苗外殖体愈伤组织的生长和颜色与无菌苗的不同,且芽生长状况也更良好.同时,还探讨了培养基中琼脂浓度对荞麦愈伤组织诱导的影响.