物理缔合高分子溶液相分离的研究

采用自洽平均场理论研究高分子溶液相分离,研究高分子溶液粘性单体相互作用参数χN与Φp体积分数相图,分别改变粘性单体间隔、溶剂尺寸研究其对相分离的影响.其结果是随着高分子体积分数Φp的增大,相分离临界值χN先降低后升高,并且整个相图不对称.减少高分子链粘性单体间隔,相分离临界值χN降低.增大溶剂尺寸,相分离临界值χN降低.     

链的柔顺性对高分子交联网溶胀及相分离影响

通过对高分子极稀溶液体系得到的高分子交联网络进行理论计算,分析了高分子链的柔顺性对高分子交联网在溶剂或增塑剂中的溶胀及体系相分离影响.并对非极性高分子交联网的相分离条件进行了分析.结果表明:在网状交联体系中溶剂的平衡浓度比线性高分子溶液的高;随着链的柔顺性提高,交联网的溶胀度降低.     

湿法纺丝时纺丝原液凝固成形机理的探讨

在化学纤维加工技术中,湿法纺丝是复杂和困难的,对湿法成形机理和研究严重滞后于其加工工艺。早期的理论研究一直沿用至令。本文在湿纺实验基础上,根据高分子物理的基本原理以及一些较新的高分子溶液相分离理论,对湿法成形机理进行建议性的讨论。     

P84共聚聚酰亚胺/NMP/乙二醇体系三元相图的计算

分别通过基团贡献(UNIFAC)法和Hansen溶度参数公式计算了乙二醇-N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙二醇-P84共聚聚酰亚胺和NMP-P84共聚聚酰亚胺的相互作用参数g12,χ13和χ23.基于二元相互作用参数和Flory-Huggins高分子溶液理论,计算出P84共聚聚酰亚胺/NMP/乙二醇体系的理论三元相图.与浊点试验三元相图比较发现:χ13=1.27,χ23=0.37时,模拟的理论三元相图与试验相图较吻合.     

二元混合高分子刷溶剂响应特性的分子机制——密度泛函理论

采用加权密度近似密度泛函理论研究了二元混合接枝高分子刷在不同性质溶剂诱导下的垂直相分离情况。计算发现,对于具有一定相容性的等链长和等链节间相互作用能的二元混合接枝高分子刷,在非选择性溶剂中,不良溶剂使得高分子刷收缩,良溶剂使得高分子刷溶胀,但不会发生垂直的相分离;在选择性溶剂中,混合高分子刷可以在溶剂诱导下发生垂直相分离,亲溶剂的高分子链出现在高分子刷的表层,憎溶剂的高分子链蜷曲于高分子刷的底层,接枝高分子刷表现为亲溶剂性质;溶剂的选择性越大,两种接枝高分子链的相容性越差,越容易分层。     

高分子溶液的稀释自由能表达式的详细推导

在任一溶液体系中,溶剂的偏摩尔自由能(亦称为稀释自由能)是一个很重要的热力学参数,对高分子的溶解而言,溶剂的稀释自由能与高分子溶液的许多性质有关。目前大多教材都缺乏相关表达式的的推导。该文基于FloryHuggins的类晶格模型,并引入Flory-Huggins参数,从高分子溶解中的混合热、混合熵的计算式开始推导,最终得出完整且详细的高分子溶液的稀释自由能的表达式。     

非线性群子统计理论考察高分子合金的相分离现象

从统计热力学的角度出发,应用非线性群子统计理论,对高分子合金体系平衡态相分离行为进行了理论研究,建立了二元高分子合金体系的非线性群子统计模型,推导出该体系的相分离方程。在理论和实践的基础上对二元高分子合金体系的相图进行了系统分类,并模拟了若干文献中的相图,得到了与实际曲线相当吻合的理论模拟曲线。     

二元混合高分子刷溶剂响应特性的分子机制——密度 函理论

采用加权密度近似密度泛函理论研究了二元混合接枝高分子刷在不同性质溶剂诱导下的垂直相分离情况.计算发现,对于具有一定相容性的等链长和等链节间相互作用能的二元混合接枝高分子刷,在非选择性溶剂中,不良溶剂使得高分子刷收缩,良溶剂使得高分子刷溶胀,但不会发生垂直的相分离;在选择性溶剂中,混合高分子刷可以在溶剂诱导下发生垂直相分...     

聚乳酸和乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物的溶液热力学

为了准确地预测溶液热力学数据,分别使用了36和38种溶剂对聚乳酸和乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物进行实验研究。采用正交优化计算方法确定了聚乳酸和乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物的三维溶度参数,分别为:δ_d=17. 969 (MPa)~(1/2),δ_p=6. 707 (MPa)~(1/2),δ_h=7. 324(MPa)~(1/2);δ_d=17. 083 (MPa)~(1/2),δ_p=6. 939 (MPa)~(1/2),δ_h=8. 650 (MPa)~(1/2)。单体中乳酸和乙醇酸浓度的升高会引起高分子聚合物溶度参数的增大。依据溶度参数,计算了聚乳酸和乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物与溶剂间的相互作用参数和相互作用半径。同时,计算了聚乳酸和乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物溶剂的体积修正系数,聚乳酸—溶剂体系和乳酸乙醇酸共聚物—溶剂体系的体积修正系数分别在0. 80～0. 90和0. 85～1. 10范围内。获得的相互作用参数、相互作用半径及体积校正系数完全符合Flory-Huggins高分子溶液理论。     

超快冷工艺对X70管线钢组织的影响

通过热模拟机研究超快冷工艺中冷却速率和终轧温度对X70管线钢组织细化及马氏体/奥氏体小岛的影响.随着冷却速率的增大,铁素体晶粒尺寸减小,M/A岛的体积分数先增大后降低,M/A岛的尺寸变化则相反.提高终轧温度,铁素体晶粒尺寸略微增大,M/A岛的体积分数增加;但在900～940℃范围内,随着终轧温度的升高,试样中M/A岛的体积分数略减小,尺寸增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with