钯碳催化剂在硝基还原和碳碳双键加氢反应中的应用

对常温常压下钯碳催化剂在精细有机合成中的硝基还原和碳碳双键加氢两大类加氢反应进行了初步的探索，２－氯－６－硝基甲苯在钯碳催化剂存在下催化还原，除目的产物外，不生成脱氯副产物。这是一个连串反应，控制反应条件可获得较高的反应选择性。     

碳钛复合材料负载钴基费-托合成催化剂的结构和催化性能

采用水热法合成碳钛复合材料,以碳钛复合材料为载体制备了钴基费一托合成催化剂．采用氮气物理吸附一脱附、原位x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氢气程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对催化剂进行了表征,在固定床反应器上对催化剂的费．托合成催化性能进行了评价．结果表明：利用碳改性二氧化钛可明显影响催化剂的催化活性,由于碳的引入导致催化剂更易于还原,催化剂的分散较好,具有更高的费一托合成活性和重质烃选择性（c5＋）．     

高校实验室催化剂还原方法的分析与探索

催化剂的还原是催化剂具有催化活性的关键步骤。文章分析比较了在催化剂制备中不同还原剂对催化剂纳米粒度和稳定性的影响,并提出以金属整体型为还原剂进行催化剂还原的新概念。这些催化剂还原方法的分析,为实验室范围内催化剂提供了有力的指导。     

碳钛复合材料负载钴基费-托合成 催化剂的结构和催化性能

采用水热法合成碳钛复合材料,以碳钛复合材料为载体制备了钴基费-托合成催化剂.采用氮气物理吸附-脱附、原位X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征,在固定床反应器上对催化剂的费-托合成催化性能进行了评价.结果表明：利用碳改性二氧化钛可明显影响催化剂的催化活性,由于碳的引入导致催化剂更易于还原,催化剂的分散较好,具有更高的费-托合成活性和重质烃选择性(C₅⁺).     

Pd/C催化选择性加氢脱氯制备氯乙酸甲酯

以负载型金属钯为催化剂对氯乙酸母液混酯进行选择性加氢脱氯，从而制备高纯度的氯乙酸甲酯，并就该反应的工艺条件进行了初步探索。结果表明，当金属钯的载量（质量分数）达到1.0%，催化反应温度为145℃，氢气气速达到100-120mL/min时，反应效果达到最佳，不仅二氯乙酸甲酯得到了完全转化，而且选择性达到95%。     

Pt/Ba/Ce/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂H_2-NSR性能影响因素的试验分析

将改进的溶胶-凝胶法与等体积浸渍法相结合制备了Pt/Ba/Ce/γ-Al2O3钙钛矿催化剂,研究了其表面性能;采用NOx存储还原循环试验的方法,以氢气为还原剂,研究了还原剂体积分数、还原时间和空速等反应条件,以及以CO2与HC为代表的发动机排气成分对催化剂存储还原特性的影响.结果表明:所制备的Pt/Ba/Ce/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化活性及较大的比表面积;在所研究的范围内,不同还原剂体积分数下存在NOx转化率最高的最佳还原时间,而且随着还原剂体积分数增加,最佳还原时间逐渐缩短;还原剂体积分数的增加将会加速NOx的脱附,若还原剂体积分数过高,则会造成部分NOx溢出过快,还原时间不足而引起转化率降低;在7.0×104 h-1的大空速条件下,NOx转化率仍可以保持在86.9%,Pt/Ba/Ce/γ-Al2O3催化剂的空速特性良好;CO2在一定程度上抑制了NOx的存储,影响催化剂的活性,但催化剂容易再生;采用C3H6模拟排气中的HC,其体积分数较低时对H2还原NOx具有抑制作用,当C3H6的体积分数较高时可以促进NOx的还原转化.     

对甲基-α-苯乙醇合成条件的改进

文章采用钯碳作催化剂,对4-甲基苯乙酮低压加氢合成4-甲基-α-苯乙醇,考察了加氢条件对合成的影响,通过正交实验得出较优化的反应条件:钯碳催化剂用量为3%;氢气压强为0.3MPa;溶剂甲醇与4-甲基苯乙酮比例为1:1。     

高分子负载钯催化下的氯苯加氢脱氯反应

首次考察了载体、碱、温度、在常压氢气氛及均相钯催化剂作用下对氯苯加氢脱氯的影响。筛选结果表明在０．１ＭＰａＨ２和６５℃条件下,ＰＶＰ－ＰｄＣｌ２／ＮａＯＡｃ／ＥｔＯＨ体系可有效还原氯苯。     

钯纳米催化剂的合成及其在温和条件下对芳香族肟、酮和醛的催化还原

以对苯二胺为配体合成非均相钯纳米粒子催化剂(Pd-NPs),该钯催化剂的合成步骤简单,常温、常压下,氢气作为氢源,以水作为溶剂即可还原各种芳香族肟、酮和醛生成相应胺和醇,多数产物都有优秀的产率,部分高达99%,此外,该催化剂具有良好的可持续利用工业应用前景.     

钯催化用于氢气除氧的实验研究

以活性氧化铝为载体,采用超声波浸渍法制备一系列不同钯含量的催化剂,将此催化剂用于除去氢气中的微量氧气的实验。实验测定含有一定氧气的氢气在钯催化作用下,催化剂钯含量和氢气空速对出口氧气浓度的影响,采用红外线热成像方法对催化床层反应区域进行了检测。实验显示,随空速增大,氧气转化率降低。出口氧含量曲线在空速为9s-1和15s-1两处拐点,且钯含量越高,拐点越明显。这些现象表明,在氢氧催化反应中,内扩散为反应的主要控制步骤,在钯含量高于0.2％,提高钯含量对催化反应影响不明显。采用较低的钯含量、较小颗粒、较大催化剂装填量有利于提高除氧反应效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with