粘膜佐剂霍乱毒素B亚单位的克隆与表达

目的 :构建表达粘膜佐剂霍乱毒素B亚单位 (CTB)基因的重组质粒 ,并在大肠杆菌中表达获得基因重组蛋白。方法 :用PCR方法从霍乱弧菌中扩增CTB片段 ,将其转入原核载体质粒pET-32a( ) ,在大肠杆菌Top10克隆 ,并在BL21中表达。结果 :重组质粒PET-CTB的全长序列经分析与基因文库公布的一致 ;表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析 ,相对分子量与文献相符 ;重组蛋白竟Westernblot检测有抗原性。结论 :基因重组菌表达的CTB蛋白可能作为有效、安全的粘膜佐剂用于口服疫苗的研制     

表达大鼠FoxA1的慢病毒制备和鉴定

通过PCR扩增获得大鼠FoxA1的cDNA,构建慢病毒重组载体plv-rFoxA1-IRES-EGFP,并瞬时转染293T细胞观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及Western blot检测FoxA1的表达.通过钙转将该重组载体与辅助质粒△8.91,pVSV-G共转染293T细胞制备慢病毒.研究结果表明,大鼠FoxA1慢病毒质粒成功构建,并且证实所制备的慢病毒能感染细胞,使细胞有效表达FoxA1蛋白,为FoxA1的功能研究奠定了材料基础.     

微型腺病毒载体的扩增和纯化研究

微型腺病毒（mAd)是去除所有编码基因，仅保留两侧反向末端重复序列（ITR）及包装信号（ψ）的新型腺病毒载体。它具有包装容量大，免疫原性小等优点。在大量扩增时，需与缺失E1区及包装信号的辅助腺病毒共转染入包装细胞（293细胞）内，CsCl超离心纯化，将二者分开。再通过琼脂糖覆盖挑斑、在包装细胞内大量扩增、CsCl超离心纯化等步骤，最终得到较为纯净的mAd。但因mAd结构不稳定，易与辅助病毒发生同源重组，在CsCl超离心时不能完全与辅助病毒分开，导致外源基因表达逐步下降。     

猕猴B病毒妒和gC合成基因重组杆状病毒质粒的构建

目的构建猕猴B病毒gB和gc合成基因的杆状病毒重组质粒（rBacmid）。方法根据本室已经合成的猕猴B病毒gB基因和gc基因,利用BamHI和XhoI特异性酶切,将其亚克隆于昆虫杆状病毒的pFastBacHTA转座载体。将该阳性转座载体转化到DHlobac感受态细胞,从中筛选出阳性重组细菌,并提取重组质粒。结果获得了重组质粒bacmid—gB和bacmid—gC。结论该研究为猕猴B病毒gB和gc蛋白在杆状病毒系统内的表达奠定了基础。     

PiggyBac 转座子在肝脏中的活性研究

本实验运用高压尾静脉注射的方法将PB转座系统导入小鼠肝脏,研究其在肝脏中的转座活性,系统中PB转座子携带表达红色荧光蛋白的基因以指示转座的发生.注射10个月后取出小鼠肝脏,体视荧光显微镜观察肝脏是否有红色荧光,并通过基因组PCR、splinkerette PCR分析PB转座子在肝脏中的插入情况.实验结果表明,PB转座子在肝脏内发生高效转座,检测的68个PB插入位点中有34个位于基因序列,使得PB系统可以作为有效的基因诱变工具来研究基因功能.     

hsBLyS分泌型表达载体构建及CHO表达

本实验引物延伸合成人红细胞生成素信号肽序列；信号肽序列和人可溶性B淋巴细胞刺激因子(human soluble B Lymphocyte Stimulator，hsBLyS)基因重叠延伸拼接成融合基因；融合基因插入pcDNA3、pcDNA3．1、pEFneo质粒；信号肽引物设计时，突变同义密码，最终重组质粒成为分泌表达质粒；磷酸钙共沉淀将表达质粒和标志质粒pSV-dhfr，共转染CHO-dhfr^-细胞；选择培养液筛选，氨甲喋呤扩增表达，获稳定表达rhsBLyS细胞株；ELISA检测浓缩表达上清，结果表明：rhsBLyS表达量由0．13μg/mL上升至0．55μg/mL。     

禽类多瘤病毒APV-1晚期基因多顺反子的EGFP标记载体构建和表达

为研究禽类多瘤病毒晚期基因多顺反子翻译起始调控的机制,设计和构建了以增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因替代病毒APV-1野生型的晚期结构蛋白VPs基因的真核双顺反子表达载体,并观察其在转染进入禽类原代成纤维细胞中的表达翻译状态.以APV-1的c DNA克隆(p HL1003)为模板,运用PCR技术扩增出与野生型病毒APV-1相同的Ori区、早期编码区和晚期Agno-1a区序列作为载体片段;从质粒p EGFP-N1中扩增出编码绿色荧光的EGFP DNA片段;经连接构成重组质粒p HL1003-GFP,通过脂质体细胞转染方法将质粒DNA转染到鸡胚胎和鹌鹑胚胎成纤维细胞中,通过细胞培养观察荧光表达状况.DNA序列分析证实了重组克隆中的EGFP序列与已知的质粒p EGFP-N1中EGFP序列一致.转染72 h后观察鸡和鹌鹑胚胎成纤维细胞,转染成功胚胎细胞明显表达较强的荧光,说明GFP可以在构建的双顺反子重组质粒的下游中正常表达并产生荧光.p HL1003-GFP重组质粒的构建及其在禽类原代成纤维细胞中的高效表达,为我们研究多顺反子翻译起始调控中Agno-1a基因的表达对下游病毒结构蛋白基因的翻译调控机制提供了简洁易用的系统和模型.     

PML-RARα和hGM-CSF双基因表达载体的构建

目的:构建急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)PML-RARα基因与人粒巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(hGM-CSF)基因真核双表达载体,为利用DNA疫苗治疗APL奠定基础。方法:利用RT-PCR技术从NB4细胞的RNA中扩增出PML-RARα融合点附近的部分基因片段,通过PCR从pORF-hGM-CSF质粒中扩增出hGM-CSF基因,并分别将两基因片段连接到pIRES质粒的多克隆位点(MCS)A和B中,构建真核双表达载体。利用酶切和序列分析方法验证所构建载体的正确性。结果:NheI/M luI和XbaI/SalI双酶切证明重组质粒中含有相应大小的PML-RARα基因片段及hGM-CSF基因,且序列分析证明重组质粒中插入片段的碱基序列均完全正确。结论:成功构建了含有PML-RARα基因及hGM-CSF基因的真核双表达载体。     

hTR基因反义表达质粒构建及序列分析

从人的脐带血管内皮细胞中提取基因组 DNA,通过 PCR方法扩增得到了人端粒酶RNA成分 ( human telomere RNA,h TR)的基因片段 ,扩增产物经酶切克隆到逆转录病毒载体p LNCX上 ,构建了 h TR基因的反义表达质粒 .序列分析结果表明 ,PCR扩增得到的 h TR基因的 DNA序列与所发表的序列完全一致 .构建的反义表达载体中的目的基因正确地反向插入到逆转录病毒载体 p LNCX的克隆位点上 ,构成了 h TR基因的反义表达质粒     

氧化硫硫杆菌重组质粒pSDT125的构建及其在大肠杆菌之间的转移

对氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans)隐蔽性质粒pTt12进行了限制性酶切分析,并绘出了限制性酶切图谱,其大小为13.7Kb.将pTt12质粒与pBR325质粒重组,得到了重组质粒pSDT125(Cm',Ap',Tc~s).氧化硫硫杆菌重组质粒pSDT125本身不具有接合转移能力,但它在广泛寄主范围的转移性质粒RP4的带动下以较高的频率在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)之间转移,表明在氧化硫硫杆菌质粒pTt12上存在着与接合转移有关的DNA序列.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the