速生杨木动态黏弹性与初始含水率的关系

对初始含水率分别为0%、12%、18%、30%、50%、80%、100%和水饱和8种速生杨木试件进行动态黏弹性分析,采用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)进行测定,其操作参数为:温度范围35～350℃,升温速度5℃/min,测量频率1、10、50 Hz。储能模量的变化趋势表明:含水率为0%的试件在95℃附近其储能模量出现极大值;含水率为12%、18%、30%试样的储能模量在75℃之前下降缓慢,在温度75～130℃之间迅速下降,含水率为12%试样的降幅最小;含水率为50%、80%、100%和水饱和试件的储能模量变化点在135℃之后,随含水率的增大储能模量转变点的温度增加,并在转变点处出现储能模量最小值。损耗模量的变化表明:在试验温度范围内含水率为0%的试件不发生玻璃化转变;在所有含水试件中,含水率为12%试件的初始损耗模量和发生次转变时的损耗模量均为最低,同含水率为18%和30%试件相比,发生次转变时温度最高,含水率为30%试样在所有含水试样中具有最大的黏性。损耗因子的变化表明:所有含水试样均发生玻璃化转变过程,含水率为30%试样的玻璃化转变温度最低。在1～50 Hz之间,不同频率对储能模量、损耗模量及损耗因子影响较小,随着测量频率的升高,各力学松弛过程的描述曲线向高温方向有微小移动。     

竹材力学性能及混凝土环境中影响

为研究自然风干下的竹材含水率对材料力学性能的影响,对相同产地的楠竹进行了材料试验.试验设计变量:竹材自然风干时长和浇筑在竹芯-混凝土板中竹材有、无防水处理.研究结果表明:竹材的含水率对该材料抗拉强度影响显著,其中试验竹材的含水率为11.5%时材料性能最优;混凝土环境中的竹材受环境腐蚀严重,其中无防水处理竹材的强度和延性显著降低,材料呈脆性破坏;通过试验总结出了竹材拉伸应力-应变本构关系,同时提出了该竹材抗拉强度设计值取60MPa为最佳,该研究为竹材在混凝土结构中应用,提供了理论依据.     

PTT“形状记忆”织物的低温动态力学性能

利用动态力学热分析仪测试聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)"形状记忆"织物及其对比样聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)"仿记忆"织物、尼龙织物的低温动态力学性能,进而对织物的弹性模量及损耗因子进行分析.研究结果表明,在-130～200℃范围内,PTT"形状记忆"织物的经、纬向弹性模量较小,且随着温度的降低呈现小幅度增大,织物的经、纬向低温转变峰温度分别约为-30～-20℃和-35～-25℃;PET"仿记忆"织物和尼龙织物的经、纬向弹性模量较大,且随着温度的降低呈现相对大幅度增大,PET"仿记忆"织物的经、纬向低温转变峰温度分别约为-35～-25℃和-30～-10℃,尼龙织物的经、纬向低温转变峰温度分别约为-15～-5℃和-55～-45℃.研究结果为PTT"形状记忆"织物在高寒领域的应用提供参考.     

毛竹材的动态热机械性能分析

采用动态热机械分析(DMTA)测试毛竹材的储能模量(E')和损耗模量(E″),分析在不同初含水率、笔壁径向部位、竹龄及距毛竹基部高度下毛竹材的储能模量和损耗模量及玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。结果表明:①毛竹材储能模量随着温度的升高呈逐渐减小的趋势,损耗模量随着温度的变化出现两个峰,当温度达到玻璃化转变温度时达到第1个峰值。②储能模量和损耗模量受初含水率的影响较大,随着含水率的增加呈相对减小的趋势; 在竹壁径向上,储能模量和损耗模量由内而外依次增大; 在同一温度下,毛竹材的储能模量和损耗模量具有随毛竹高度的增加而降低的趋势; 不同竹龄毛竹材的储能模量和损耗模量略有差别,基本上随竹龄的增大而增大。③毛竹材Tg随含水率的增加而降低,在绝干状态时Tg为217～223 ℃; 含水率为15%到饱水状态时,Tg在113～134 ℃之间; 沿竹壁径向的竹青、竹肉和竹黄的Tg略有差别,30%含水率时的Tg在123～135 ℃之间; 不同竹龄毛竹材的Tg并无较大差异,在120～123 ℃之间; 不同高度的毛竹材Tg也无显著差异,在123～126 ℃之间。研究表明,在毛竹材的实际生产中可通过增加毛竹材周边温度和含水率以增加其塑性,使竹材的竹龄和高度选择更加宽泛。     

低发泡聚酯聚氨酯动态力学性能的研究

测试了六种新型低发泡聚酯聚氨酯样品的动态力学性能.发现内耗温度曲线在—10℃和—100℃左右均有α和γ指纹吸收峰.α转变的tanδ值在0.355到0.565范围,α转变的表观活化能为38.08～55.49千卡/克分子;γ转变的表观活化能为10.18～23.83千卡/克分子.六种样品的动态模量E在—37℃～30℃的范围内均急剧下降约二个数量级至1.5×10~8达因/厘米~2左右随后进入"橡胶平台区".观察到了尚未见报导过的"多阶橡胶平台"现象.     

V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的组织与力学性能

通过热模拟试验机研究了V-N微合金钢过冷奥氏体动态连续冷却相变行为,设计了V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的轧制与冷却工艺参数并分析了组织和力学性能的关系.结果表明,动态CCT曲线出现高温转变区和中温转变区分离的现象,转变温度范围分别是637~728℃和441~601℃,当冷速为10~20℃/s时,形成针状铁素体为主的组织.V-N微合金化管线钢组织以多边形铁素体和针状铁素体为主,屈服强度、抗拉强度、均匀延伸率和-20℃夏比冲击功分别为603MPa,724MPa,11.1%和214J,满足API Spec 5L对X80管线钢的力学性能要求,同时具有好的强塑性匹配.     

接触式鲜猪肉含水率检测仪的研究与试验

为快速检测鲜猪肉的含水率,设计一种单一平面电容传感器并用之制作成接触鲜猪肉含水率检测装置.该装置由接触式电容传感器、AD7150转换器和单片机系统组成.标定试验和检测结果表明,当含水率在60%~77%的范围内时,该装置所测定的含水率误差小于±1.0%;温度偏差测试表明,鲜猪肉在15~35℃的温度范围内变化时,含水率偏差小于±0.3%.     

炭化过程中的竹材收缩率

在温度为200～900℃的炭化过程中，通过测定6年生毛竹竹材的收缩率和竹炭得率，集中研究了竹材收缩率的各向异性及其与竹材主要组成之间的关系。结果表明：(1)在炭化过程中的相同炭化温度下，毛竹竹材在轴向、内部弦向、径向及外部弦向的收缩率依次增大。将竹材在200℃时处理3h，其轴向收缩率仍为零；(2)在整个炭化过程中，炭化温度在200～400℃范围内竹材收缩率的变化最大；(3)炭化温度低于400℃时，竹材中某一方向或部位的纤维素含量越高，其收缩率越大。炭化后期，竹炭的石墨化程度对竹炭收缩率可能有较大的影响；(4)加热温度低于300～350℃时，含水率越高的竹材，其收缩率越高。     

湿热老化及应变率耦合作用下有机玻璃的微纳米力学性能

采用微压入法在温度85℃、相对湿度85%的条件下,对有机玻璃(PMMA)试样进行加速老化的试验,研究其在湿热老化及应变率耦合作用下的力学性能。实验采用5种不同的应变率,结果表明湿热老化及加载应变率均会影响有机玻璃的性能。其中,湿热老化会增加有机玻璃的蠕变特性,同时对有机玻璃的影响可分为3个阶段:初始阶段(0~10d)、不稳定阶段(10~22d)、稳定阶段(22~33d);对于应变率,高应变率下有机玻璃的弹性模量和硬度较高,而且有机玻璃的粘性变形不能充分释放,转变为保载段更为显著的蠕变变形及较高的初始蠕变应变率。     

湿热条件对木竹复合胶合板弯曲性能的影响

对木竹复合胶合板在5种不同湿热条件下的弯曲性能进行了研究。结果表明:木竹复合胶合板在不同湿热条件下的弯曲性能从大到小依次为:冰冻(-55℃,4 h),常态(20℃,65%),干热(150℃,4 h),冷水(20℃,24 h),热水(90℃,4 h)。冰冻处理后木竹复合板的弯曲性能表现为正增强效应,其力学性能保持率为130%以上;干态、冷水、热水处理后均为负效应,表现为弯曲性能降低。干热与冷水处理下木竹复合胶合板的静曲强度保持率小于弹性模量的保持率;热水处理后的弹性模量保持率低于静曲强度保持率。木竹复合胶合板在冰冻、冷水、干热下表现为以脆性破坏为主,热水处理后木竹复合胶合板的性能表现出粘弹性特征。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.