基于多观测方程融合的北斗卫星周跳探测方法

列车在利用北斗卫星载波相位高精度定位时,载波相位数据需要进行周跳的探测与修复.由于载波观测方程受接收机钟差、电离层延迟、对流层延迟和多路径等误差的影响,对一个观测方程使用卡尔曼滤波法探测周跳有其局限性.本文提出多观测方程融合法探测周跳,利用自适应卡尔曼滤波对多观测方程分别进行探测,得到相应的探测结果和协方差矩阵,并通过加权最小二乘法进行融合,求得最优的周跳结果.经实测数据计算,本文提出的方法能够判别北斗卫星的钟跳和周跳,同时具有减小误差影响,提高特殊组合情况下的周跳探测能力,且探测精度高.     

地磁太阴日变化L的O1分量的变化特征

 用Winch提出的地磁太阴日变化分析方法确定佘山地磁台的地磁太阴日变化的O₁分量L(O₁).首先把佘山台 196 0～1988年D,H和Z各分量的时均值资料做为整体分析年平均变化,然后按季节和太阳活动性细分后进行计算分析.讨论了L(O₁)的基本特征和季节变化、电离层和海洋发电机效应对L(O₁)的影响以及太阳活动对L(O₁)的贡献,并与国外一些地磁台的结果进行了对比分析.     

基于改进的电离层延迟的BDS周跳探测方法

针对电离层延迟变化较剧烈时,现有的北斗导航卫星系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)双频周跳探测方法探测效果会降低的问题,文章提出了改进的电离层延迟法,该方法首先基于灰色理论对电离层延迟变化量进行预测,然后根据实际值与预测值之差构造的电离层残差量作为新的周跳探测量进行周跳探测;通过实验验证了该方法在电离层延迟变化较剧烈,尤其在低采样率、低卫星高度角时,能有效弥补原来方法存在的不足。     

基于电离层残差法的北斗周跳探测与修复研究

对北斗周跳探测与修复的问题,利用北斗卫星信号频率特征以及电离层残差法的基本原理,推导并构造了适用于北斗周跳探测与修复的周跳检验量,通过北斗实测数据和人为加入周跳的实验方案,对该周跳检验量进行验算.结果表明:电离层残差法能够较好探测和修复较小的周跳,适用于北斗周跳的探测与修复.     

附加IRI模型约束的全球电离层建模及定位精度分析

采用载波相位平滑伪距的全球电离层建模方法,确定了添加国际参考电离层（IRI）模型约束和不同数据选取策略的有效性和必要性。实验分析表明,采用P₁、P₂原始双频观测数据并添加IRI模型约束后,部分历元电离层建模的整体效果得到了显著提高,在观测数据不足的区域内定位误差在北、东、高方向上分别减小了0.260 m、0.146 m和0.103 m,验证了该方法的有效性;将C₁观测值作为低精度数据取代缺失P₁观测值后,电离层建模的整体效果进一步提升,但损失了模型精度,在观测数据不足的区域内定位误差在北、东、高方向上分别增加0.524 m、0.111 m和1.549 m,说明了利用P₁、P₂双频观测数据的必要性。     

超宽巷组合辅助电离层残差法北斗周跳探测与修复

根据北斗三频信号的特点及其组合观测值特性,详细阐述了一种新的非差观测值周跳探测与修复方法;该方法利用超宽巷组合(moulborne-wuebbena,M-W)组合观测值优点,对电离层残差法进行相应改进;并通过改进后的电离层残差法获取周跳的位置和大小。计算结果表明:该组合方法可以有效地探测和修复不同大小的周跳,而且适用于北斗三种不同类型卫星的信号处理,说明该算法具有较高精确性和可靠性。     

带约束的增长曲线模型中的可容许线性估计

 对于带约束的增长曲线模型Y=X₁ΘX₂+ε,ε~(0,σ²V I_q),tr(X′₂Θ′X′1NX₁ΘX₂)≤σ²,讨论了可估函数KΘL的可容许性在矩阵损失函数(d-KΘL)(d-KΘL)′下得到了DYF+C线性可容许的充要条件.     

TiO2/CB-NiCo2O4修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对葡萄糖的电化学测定

利用低温下的水化学生长法合成了镍钴氧化物（NiCo₂O₄）纳米针,因其自组装而表现出立方晶相,再用二氧化钛/炭黑（TiO₂/CB）对NiCo₂O₄表面进行了改性,合成了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄复合纳米材料.用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）图谱对材料的形貌进行了表征,运用循环伏安法（CV）、时间-电流（i-t）曲线法考察了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰玻碳电极的电化学行为.实验发现：TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰电极对葡萄糖的氧化有良好的电催化性能,其线性范围为0.001~1.780 mmol·L^-1,检测限为0.53 μmol·L^-1（信噪比S/N=3）.将该法用于实际样品中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意.     

Robust L2–L∞ control for uncertain singular systems with time-varying delay

We study the problem of L₂–L_∞ control for a class of uncertain singular systems with time-delay and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties in this paper. A new delay-dependent robust stability criterion is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on this criterion, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee that the closed-loop system is regular, impulse free and stable with a prescribed L₂–L_∞ performance satis?ed for all admissible parameter uncertainties. A simulation example is included to illustrate the e?ectiveness of the proposed method.     

铁镍磷化物电极材料的制备及电催化析氢性能

为了解决电解水析氢过程中所用贵金属材料的高昂成本问题,采用水热-低温磷化法制备了一种低廉、环保、高效的析氢催化剂Fe_xNi_1-x-P。与传统制备方法比较,该方法在水热合成前驱体过程中,利用镍盐和铁盐与无水乙醇发生氧化还原反应,生成的OH^-可以沉淀金属离子,随后前驱体与NaH₂PO₂低温磷化制得Fe_xNi_1-x-P。通过研究发现,Fe_0.5Ni_0.5-P电极材料表现出优异的催化活性。在1.0 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,电极Fe_0.5Ni_0.5-P需要的过电位仅为113 mV,1 000圈循环伏安测试后,极化曲线无明显衰减。提供了一种制备Fe_xNi_1-x-P的简便方法,为开发清洁能源系统的环境友好型催化剂提供了新思路。     

GPS receiver performance inspection by wavelet transform

As a powerful analysis tool and the result of contemporary mathematics development, wavelet transform has shown its promising application potentials through the research in the paper. Three aspects regarding GPS receiver performance is tackled: cycle slip detection, receiver noise analysis and receiver channel bias inspection. Wavelet decomposition for double differential observation has demonstrated that this multi-level transform can reveal cycle slips as small as 0.5 cycles without any pre-adjustment processes or satellite orbit information, it can therefore be regarded as a 'geometry free' method. Based on property assumption of receiver noise, signal of noise serial is obtained at the high frequency scale in wavelet decomposition layers. This kind of noise influence on GPSb aseline result can be effectively eliminated by reconstruction process during wavelet reconstruction. Through observed data analysis, the transform has detected a kind of receiver channel bias that has not been completely removed by processing unit of GPS receiver during clock offset resetting operation. Thus the wavelet approach can be employed as a kind of system diagnosis in a generalized point of view.     

GPS接收机的定位误差分析

基于Superstar Ⅱ GPS接收机和MATLAB实验平台,实现了所有星座误差及信道误差的修正.重点分析了卫星钟差、电离层误差、对流层误差、地球自转效应等误差及修正方法.参照IGS精密星历,利用Klobuchar模型,电离层误差修正掉约14 m;利用高度角模型,对流层误差平均修正掉4.05 m;地球旋转效应误差最大修正掉约30 m;卫星钟差修正后不超过3.1 m.实验结果最终定位精度17 m,验证了误差修正方法的正确性,为今后进行的GPS接收机研制工作积累了经验.     

基于一机双天线站间单差的周跳探测与修复

基于对短基线单差模型的分析,使用站间载波相位观测值之差的变化率作为周跳检测量,对该量进行数值估算,分析钟跳对该量的影响,从理论上证明该检测量可用于一机双天线单差短基线解算中的周跳探测,并提出相应的周跳探测与修复方法.采用实测数据进行实验分析,结果表明,对于一机双天线短基线数据,该方法不受钟跳影响,能有效探测和修复周跳.     

GPS接收机原始观测量的模拟实现

研究了ＧＰＳ信号这一类准正弦信号的最大似然参数估计方法，对估计方差的Ｃｒａｍｅｒ Ｒａｏ界进行了分析，采用计算机软件手段获得ＧＰＳ接收机伪距，多普勒频移观测量。为模拟分析ＧＰＳ导航算法，伪距差分ＧＰＳ等提供了客观依据。实验结果表明，利用该软件手段进行ＧＰＳ系统分析和处理是精确直观的，简便有效。     

GBAS中相位平滑伪距差分修正改进算法

针对卫星导航精度问题,提出一种载波相位平滑伪距差分修正算法的改进方案.通过无码载偏离平滑滤波技术来解决电离层对伪距和载波相位观测值带来的不一致性导致的电离层误差加剧问题.利用信号传播中误差模型预测值、载波信号和码伪距确定滤波器的衰减因子,把接收到的双频载波信号相位值和伪距值线性组合,输入滤波器滤波.同时用卫星修正信息对平滑伪距值中钟差进行修正.仿真结果表明通过该算法能够减少滤波后的信号残差,提高载波相位平滑伪距差分修正值标准差的可用性,减少电离层误差对星基导航精密进近阶段定位精度的影响.     

Development of an ionospheric scintillation monitor using single frequency GPS receiver

Besides their intended use in radio navigation, global positioning system (GPS) satellite signals provide convenient radio beacons for ionospheric studies. Among other propagation phenomena, the ionosphere affects GPS signal propagation through amplitude scintillations that develop after radio waves propagation through ionospheric electron density irregularities. This paper outlines the design, testing, and results of a specialized GPS receiver to monitorL-band scintillations. The scintillation monitor system consists of a commercial GPS receiver development kit with its software designed to log signal strength and carrier phase from up to 12 channels at one sample per second rate. Other prime features of the monitor include the data compression transmission and processing. Here is the fact that they are inexpensive and compact and therefore can be readily proliferated. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49984001) Biography: Shu Di-fei (1973-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

利用三差法辅助卡尔曼快速检测周跳

周跳的探测与修复是GPS高精度实时定位的关键问题。针对目前大部分方法对小周跳的探测与修复不灵敏、不适用于动态接收机的问题。首先用三差法将载波相位进行处理,减少待解的未知参量,而后用卡尔曼求解三差观测量的方差和修正数向量对周跳进行探测与修复。实测数据仿真和分析的结果表明,该方法适用于单频、高动态接收机,可以快速、准确的探测与修复周跳。     

Analysis of ionospheric anomalies before the 2011 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> 9.0 Japan earthquake

On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This paper investigates preearthquake ionospheric anomalies during the earthquake period, using data from global navigation satellite systems and ionosonde stations near the epicenter. A clear anomaly that occurred on March 8 lasted 6 hours. Eliminating ionospheric anomalies that may have been caused by solar activities and magnetic storms, we believe that a positive anomaly on March 8 was very possibly an ionospheric precursor. The affected ionospheric area on March 8, which is evident on a vertical total electron content distribution map, extended to 50° in longitude and 20° in latitude, with length ratio approximately 3:1. The anomaly peak arose from 15:00-19:00 LT, and its location did not coincide with the vertical projection of the epicenter, but was instead to its south. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated region. There were no obvious ionospheric anomalies in other parts of the world. To analyze changes in the ionospheric anomaly, computerized ionospheric tomography technology was used to invert the spatial and temporal distribution of electron density in the ionosphere. The ionospheric anomaly on March 8, 2011 is suggested to be an ionospheric precursor of the March 11 earthquake in Japan.     

基于自适应阈值的北斗三频周跳探测与修复方法

针对单频多普勒积分法中周跳检测量噪声大,且动态环境下固定阈值不能反映实际周跳检测量噪声的问题,设计了北斗三频多普勒积分组合法,基于滑动窗口和高度角信息构建了自适应阈值模型;联合无几何相位法对北斗三频数据进行周跳探测,以解决三频多普勒积分组合法存在不敏感周跳的问题;采用空间搜索法对周跳组合进行解算,并遵循最小1-范数原则,对北斗三频周跳进行检验修复。实验结果表明：在动态环境下,自适应阈值降低了中、低仰角卫星的周跳误探次数,该方法可探测出包括1周在内的所有周跳组合并正确修复。