致病疫霉诱导放线菌Sy11菌株的抑菌作用

在筛选致病疫霉拮抗菌过程中,发现放线菌Sy11菌株对致病疫霉的抑制作用是由于致病疫霉对Sy11的诱导作用.为了进一步明确致病疫霉对Sy11的诱导方式和条件,采用平板对峙共培养法探讨了致病疫霉诱导Sy11的适宜培养基、培养温度、培养时间以及诱导后Sy11菌株抑菌作用的持续时间等.结果显示,只有活体致病疫霉才能诱导Sy11的抑菌作用,死亡的致病疫霉菌体没有诱导作用;用黑麦培养基20℃黑暗对峙培养7d,从Sy11菌落向外12mm处的无菌体琼脂块的抑菌作用最强,抑菌率达到79.38%,与Sy11菌株完整菌落的抑菌率86.47%相近;而且发现致病疫霉诱导1次后,Sy11的抑菌能力即可连续传递13代,且抑菌率保持在65%以上.这些结果表明,Sy11是在受到活体致病疫霉诱导之后才对致病疫霉有抑制作用,且抑菌作用具有遗传性.     

拮抗菌HT-6对致病疫霉的竞争及诱导性抑制

为深入了解细菌HT-6对致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)菌丝生长的抑制机理,采用琼脂柱对接法观察细菌HT-6对致病疫霉空间位点的竞争,铬天青(CAS)培养基观察嗜铁素的产生,硫酸-蒽铜比色法和水杨酸浓硫酸比色法分别比较葡萄糖和硝态氮的利用率,同时以致病疫霉及其细胞壁制剂(CWP)为诱导物,采用平板透明圈法观察HT-6产生的纤维素酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,DNS法测定酶活并评价含有2种酶的无菌体发酵液对致病疫霉的抑制活性.结果显示,单独接种在PDA琼脂柱上的致病疫霉能沿琼脂柱生长并迅速扩展至黑麦固体培养基(Rye)表面生长,与致病疫霉菌饼对接的HT-6也能沿着琼脂柱生长并扩展至Rye培养基表面迅速蔓延,而与HT-6对接的致病疫霉菌丝体仅在PDA琼脂柱上生长,没有扩展至Rye表面,被HT-6的生长所阻止;HT-6能产生嗜铁素,致病疫霉不产生嗜铁素;HT-6对葡萄糖和硝态氮的利用率(75.66%和69.05%)均显著高于致病疫霉(55.97%和56.87%);HT-6菌株单独培养时不产生纤维素酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,但致病疫霉菌体和CWP均能诱导HT-6产生这2种酶,其中菌体诱导后的2种酶活,分别为6.638、2.913 U,均显著高于CWP的诱导处理(1.326、1.289 U,P<0.05);CWP诱导后含有2种酶的HT-6无菌体发酵液对致病疫霉菌丝生长具有明显抑制作用(抑菌率为33.25%),但显著低于单独培养的HT-6菌液原液的抑菌活性(抑菌率为81.33%).这表明HT-6能够通过空间和营养竞争以及致病疫霉诱导产生的细胞壁降解酶抑制致病疫霉,其中以空间和营养竞争为主.     

枯草芽孢杆菌WL2脂肽粗提物对致病疫霉的抑制作用及其分离鉴定

为明确枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)WL2产生的脂肽对致病疫霉菌丝体生长的影响及其预防马铃薯晚疫病的潜力,以滤纸片法检测脂肽粗提物对菌丝生长的抑制效果,显微镜观察脂肽粗提物对致病疫霉孢子萌发的影响,离体组织培养法明确脂肽粗提物对晚疫病的预防效果,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)纯化脂肽、电子喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)鉴定脂肽种类.结果表明,当脂肽粗提物质量浓度为25μg/mL时,抑菌圈直径为5.9mm,抑制后的菌丝恢复生长速度仅有5.2mm/d,与对照组(11.2mm/d)存在显著差异(P0.05);当脂肽质量浓度为3μg/mL时,孢子囊萌发比率只有9.7%,用质量浓度为4μg/mL的脂肽抑制后,释放游动孢子比率只有7.6%,与对照组均存在显著差异(P0.05);脂肽粗提物(20μg/mL)对晚疫病的预防效果最好,病情指数最低(20.6),与对照组病情指数(73.1)有显著差异(P0.05);经HPLC分离和ESI-MS鉴定,明确了WL2菌株可产iturinA和surfactin两类脂肽物质.以上结果说明WL2菌株产生的脂肽在预防马铃薯晚疫病方面具有较大的潜力.     

拮抗菌HT-6引起致病疫霉菌体的生理变化

为了解核桃内生细菌HT-6对致病疫霉的抑制作用机理,采用对峙培养和传统培养相结合的方法检测了受拮抗菌HT-6抑制不同阶段后致病疫霉菌丝体内部分活性物质、抗性相关酶活、电导率以及溶氧量的变化.结果显示,随对峙培养时间延长,受抑制组与对照组中致病疫霉菌丝体内可溶性糖和淀粉含量虽然均呈增加趋势,蛋白质含量均呈下降趋势,但受抑制组可溶性糖、淀粉及蛋白质含量均远低于对照组,且均在对峙培养第15天时差异最大(P<0.01);受抑制组和对照组菌丝体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶3种酶活的变化趋势与上述3种物质的变化趋势相似,但均在培养的第12天达到最高,且受抑制组菌体内3种酶活均远高于对照组,与对照达到极显著差异(P<0.01).此外,受拮抗菌HT-6抑制后致病疫霉菌丝体内的电导率(162.77 μS/cm)显著高于对照组(60.03 μS/cm),而溶氧量(47.13%)显著低于对照组(56.1%).这些结果表明:HT-6菌株可通过抑制或大量消耗致病疫霉菌丝体内部分活性物质,同时增加细胞膜透性、降低呼吸作用实现对致病疫霉菌丝体生长的抑制作用.     

致病疫霉菌株交配型的检测及其检测方法的比较

致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)是马铃薯晚疫病的病原体,可导致马铃薯大面积减产。致病疫霉的有性生殖可以产生卵孢子,由于其抗逆性较强,利于致病疫霉渡过不利的生存环境,给马铃薯晚疫病的有效防治带来巨大的困难。致病疫霉的有性生殖属于异宗配合,即A1、A2交配型同时培养时才会产生卵孢子。因此,快速而有效地检测致病疫霉菌株的交配型将为致病疫霉有性生殖分子机理的研究及致病疫霉的防治奠定基础。通过直接配对法、纸盘法和分子标记法三种方法,对5株来源不同的致病疫霉菌株进行了交配型检测。三种方法的检测结果均表明,菌株HQK8-3、2PO-D、USA1的交配型与ATCC标准菌株64093的交配型一致,为A1交配型,而菌株2PO82001、P7723的交配型与ATCC标准菌株32835的交配型一致,为A2交配型。说明三种方法均可有效鉴定致病疫霉交配型,但三种方法各有优缺点,应根据实验条件,采取合适的方法进行菌株交配型测定。     

致病疫霉拮抗菌LH-03的抗菌物质分析及其防病作用

为了明确对致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)菌丝生长有显著抑制作用的梨黑斑病菌(Al-ternaria alternata)LH-03发酵液中的抗菌物质,通过硫酸铵和乙醇的交互沉淀、蛋白酶K和酚-氯仿变性处理以及SDS-PAGE电泳分析抗菌物质的基本性质,并在马铃薯块茎切片上测试防病效果.结果显示,抗菌物质为蛋白质类物质,其分子质量大小约为40ku,粗蛋白与发酵液原液相比,抑菌活性略有下降,其最适抑菌质量浓度为3.5mg/mL,抑菌率为72%,在马铃薯块茎切片上对致病疫霉侵染的保护率可达95%以上.表明LH-03产生的蛋白类抗菌物质对马铃薯晚疫病具有较大的防病潜力.     

半枝莲抗菌活性及其有效部位研究

目的研究半枝莲不同粗提物的体外抗菌活性,并初步确定其抗菌活性有效部位。方法采用甲醇冷浸法、乙醇热回流法及微波萃取法提取粗提物,96孔板培养法测定不同粗提物对的体外抑菌活性;将提取物分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水萃取得到不同极性的萃取物组分,通过比较其抑菌活性初步确定半枝莲的抗菌有效部位。结果三种提取方法中,微波萃取法浸膏得出率最高;半枝莲的各粗提物对普通菌在2 mg/mL下未见抑制活性,但对耐甲氧西林金葡菌(ATCC33591和43300)半数抑制浓度(MIC值)达到2mg/mL;粗提物的萃取组分尤其是乙酸乙酯相,表现出广谱抗菌活性,其对各种菌株的半数抑制浓度大多在0.5～2 mg/mL范围,石油醚相对变异链球菌的抑菌活性较强,MIC值达到0.125 mg/mL。结论半枝莲具有广谱的抗菌活性,尤其是对耐药菌表现出较好的抗菌活性,并且初步确定抗菌有效部位为乙酸乙酯相,这为半枝莲抗菌应用的下一步研究奠定了基础。     

柠檬桉树脂中多酚的提取纯化及抗氧化活性

为提高柠檬桉树的综合利用率,采用乙醇作为提取剂对柠檬桉树脂中的多酚进行初步提取,分别用乙酸乙酯萃取提纯法、醇提水沉—正丁醇萃取提纯法对粗提物进一步纯化,得到质量分数分别为28.31%和39.65%的多酚纯化物;定性实验表明,柠檬桉树脂的提取物中含有多酚物质;抗氧化活性实验表明抗坏血酸(VC)的总抗氧化能力最强,其次为粗提物,再次为醇提水沉—正丁醇提纯物,最后为乙酸乙酯纯化物。各提纯物的活性表现为多酚纯化物的质量分数越大,其抗氧化能力越大;多酚粗提物的抗氧化能力较提纯物更强,表明多酚粗提物中可能含有其他更强抗氧化能力的化学成分。     

致病疫霉产孢子囊培养基及诱导方法的筛选

致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)A2交配型菌株P7723不易产生孢子囊。为了获得大量的孢子囊,试验研究比较了5种不同培养基及7种不同诱导方法对致病疫霉孢子囊产量的影响。研究结果表明:5种培养基中只有燕麦培养基(OMA)和大豆培养基(BA)能产生孢子囊,分别为(106±6.29)、(273±6.86)个/cm~2,其余培养基均未产生孢子囊。在7种诱导孢子囊产生的方法中,40℃处理、菌丝丛水培处理(10%V8)、皮氏溶液处理和土壤浸出液处理4种方法能诱导原本不产生孢子囊的3种培养基产生孢子囊;其中,40℃处理的诱导效果最好。此外,40℃处理也使原本产生孢子囊的OMA、BA培养基上的孢子囊量显著增加。在所有培养基的不同处理中,40℃处理的CA培养基上菌株产生的孢子囊量最多,可达到(767±7.98)个/cm~2。试验为研究致病疫霉菌生长发育过程中的基因表达分析及遗传转化奠定了基础。     

入侵植物簕仔树提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

为探求外来入侵植物簕仔树(Mimosa bimucronata)的经济用途,对其提取物的体外抗菌活性进行了研究.以微波提取法获得簕仔树茎、叶和果实的水提物和醇提物,用纸片扩散法针对9种常见病原菌进行抑菌活性筛选.结果表明,所有的提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌和副伤寒沙门氏菌都有抑菌作用,各部位提取物对大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、宋内志贺氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用.其中簕仔树叶的水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强,其抑菌圈为11.99 mm,MIC和MBC分别为15.625和31.25 mg.mL-1;萃取物中,乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物有明显抑菌活性,而石油醚萃取物无抑菌活性.表明簕仔树的水提物抗菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相中.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.