幼化和外源激素对娜塔栎嫩枝扦插生根的影响及其生根解剖学观察

【目的】研究幼化、激素处理对娜塔栎(Quercus texana)嫩枝扦插生根的影响,观察生根过程中插穗不定根的形成过程,探究娜塔栎扦插生根困难的原因,为娜塔栎的扦插繁殖提供理论依据和技术借鉴。【方法】以幼化(6年生母树平茬后的苗木)、6年生母树上剪取的当年生半木质化娜塔栎插条为材料,分别用不同质量浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)+萘乙酸(NAA)+间苯三酚(THB)的混合溶液浸泡插穗基部10 min,以清水处理相同时间为对照(CK),于扦插75 d后计算各处理插穗的愈伤率、生根率、根系指数和根系效果指数;同时,以幼化半木质化娜塔栎插条为材料,对不同生根阶段的插穗用FAA标准固定液固定,采用石蜡切片技术对插穗不定根的形成过程进行解剖观察。【结果】植物激素处理能显著提高娜塔栎扦插的生根效果,幼化及6年生母树插穗的生根率均表现出处理组的生根率高于对照组,其中生根率最高可达43.3%。双因素方差分析表明,幼化处理是影响娜塔栎扦插生根的重要因素,且各指标的综合分析排序发现,幼化插穗生根效果大于6年生母树插穗的。利用石蜡切片法观察娜塔栎生根过程茎部的解剖构造,发现刚剪取的插穗不含有潜伏状根原基,属于诱导...     

白云杉扦插促进剂配方筛选和插条效应研究

以白云杉4年生母树为采穗母株,系统研究了白云杉扦插前促进剂配方的最佳组合和不同插穗条件对生根的响应。研究结果表明：扦插后20d愈伤组织开始形成,40d时根尖开始出现,70-80d是生根的高峰期和根系发育期。在进行白云杉插穗处理时,应选择100 mg L^-1的IBA处理2h,效果较好。插穗类型对生根影响差异显著,选择母树上的一级侧枝做插穗,根系效果指数较好。插穗长度对生根影响差异极显著,5cm的生根率为90%,12cm和3cm的生根率为80%。8cm的生根率为57%。插穗年龄效应对生根影响不显著,1龄和2龄侧枝做插穗都能获得较高质量的扦插苗。     

朝鲜崖柏扦插生根及解剖特征

以朝鲜崖柏(Thuja koraiensis Nakai)2 a生半木质化枝条为插穗,通过3因素随机区组试验设计,分析不同激素种类、质量浓度、处理时间、扦插基质种类对朝鲜崖柏扦插生根的影响;从植物解剖学角度研究朝鲜崖柏茎结构及扦插繁殖过程中不定根的发育过程.结果表明:朝鲜崖柏插穗生根最佳扦插基质为珍珠岩,最优处理条件为200 mg/L NAA处理1 h;朝鲜崖柏插穗不定根发生于髓部,插穗切口处形成愈伤组织,但愈伤组织不形成不定根.     

樟树绿枝扦插生根影响因子

樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)是我国重要的香料树种之一,具有较高的经济价值.扦插能够保持母本的优良性状,是樟树无性繁殖的重要方式.以樟树枝条为材料,研究生长调节剂种类及质量浓度、树龄、化学型、插穗长度和直径、插穗发育状况、插穗采集部位、移栽时间对樟树绿枝扦插生根和成活率的影响.结果表明:吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理芳樟插穗生根率最高,其次是双吉尔(GGR),萘乙酸(NAA)较差,3 000 mg/L是芳樟扦插生根适宜质量浓度.树龄、化学型和IBA浓度对樟树扦插生根有显著影响,3 a生芳樟、柠檬醛樟和异樟生根率高达90%以上,生根能力显著高于成年期材料.柠檬醛樟、异樟、脑樟和龙脑樟生根能力好于芳樟,芳樟较难诱导生根.3 000 mg/L IBA是芳樟、脑樟、龙脑樟和异樟最适生根质量浓度,柠檬醛樟最适生根质量浓度为2 000 mg/L.插条长度15 cm、直径0.5cm左右,脑樟插穗生根率最高.1 a生半木质化嫩梢生根率(71.43%)显著高于2 a生木质化顶梢(3.33%),阳枝生根率(84.62%)显著高于阴枝(18.95%).扦插苗当年移栽容易发生冻害,第2年3月初进行移栽成活率高达90%以上.     

楸树嫩枝扦插生根发育及根系特征分析

【目的】楸树大多自花不育,苗木主要通过营养繁殖获得,而高质量楸树苗木缺乏,扦插育苗存在繁殖系数低、质量参差不一等问题,影响了楸树的大面积推广利用。笔者探索不同处理方式下楸树嫩枝生根及不定根形成特点,初步筛选合适的楸树嫩枝生根方法,为揭示楸树嫩枝扦插生根机理并解决楸树扦插困难提供参考。【方法】以楸树品种‘8611’为试验材料,采用两因素(生根剂类型、枝条部位)完全随机试验,观察插穗在扦插生根过程中的动态变化并进行生根阶段划分;采用石蜡切片法,对不同生根阶段的插穗进行解剖结构分析;利用根系扫描仪测定根系的相关指标,并对各指标数据进行相关性分析和多重比较,得出楸树最优生根处理,明确楸树生根类型及时间。【结果】楸树扦插生根过程可以分为4个阶段:扦插3~7 d为愈伤组织的形成阶段;扦插7~18 d为不定根的诱导阶段;扦插18~20 d为不定根的发生阶段;扦插20 d以后为不定根的伸长阶段。不同生根剂及枝条不同部位的插穗对嫩枝扦插生根存在明显影响。穗条在不同部位间,枝条上部的插穗最易生根,但易腐烂;枝条中部制成的插穗生根效果最佳。不同激素处理中,GGR-6处理的插穗最易生根,生根效果最佳。在不同激素处理下枝条不同部位的生根率表现为:1 000 mg/kg GGR-6处理的中部插穗生根效果最佳,生根率约92%。在形态解剖学观察中,未发现楸树‘8611’种存在潜伏根原基。【结论】楸树嫩枝扦插的生根时间约20 d,为诱导生根类型。采用嫩枝中部制成的插穗,通过1 000 mg/kg GGR-6处理时生根效果最佳。     

黎蒴扦插繁殖试验

黎蒴是我省重要的乡土阔叶树种之一,也是我省次生常绿阔叶林主要组成树种之一。我所从2003年营建黎蒴采穗圃和剪顶处理,3年后,母树繁殖系数可达30一35倍;用黄心土与河砂按2：1的比例作基质做苗床,设置了不同的生根促进剂、扦插时间及处理穗条的扦插比较试验,结果表明：黎蒴扦插生产宜在秋季开展;选用半木质化穗条。采用激素处理后,能获得较高的成活率。黎蒴无性繁殖技术可应用于生产。     

沙棘嫩枝全光雾插育苗试验

以沙棘优树当年生半木质化嫩枝梢部做插穗,粗砂粒做基质,用生根粉质量浓度为0.000 05 mg/L~0.000 1 mg/L的溶液处理0.5 h~1.0 h,进行全光雾插育苗,沙棘嫩枝扦插生根率平均在94.0%。从根的数量和生根部位来看,平均根数在1.5~5.7条之间;生根部位80%的根集中生发在距插穗下端2.0 cm之内;沙棘嫩枝扦插不同处理的平均根长在6.6 cm~16.8cm之间,最长根长在8.7 cm~18.6 cm之间,差异比较大。     

侧柏古树扦插试验及插穗营养物质变化

【目的】 提高侧柏古树的嫩枝扦插生根率,建立侧柏古树扦插繁殖技术体系。【方法】 采用3种植物生长调节剂[ABT1,NAA和IBA+NAA(等质量比)]的3组质量浓度(200~600,1 000~3 000和4 000~10 000 mg/L)处理采自5、100、300、700 a侧柏的插穗,对插穗生根进程、生根性状(生根率、生根数量、最长根长)、生根进程中营养物质(可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖)含量进行动态测定。【结果】 通过观察发现:0~35 d为愈伤组织形成期;35~65 d为不定根形成期;65~95 d为不定根伸长期。50 a侧柏以南面上部的插穗生根效果较好,生根率为40.8%。100 a侧柏6月扦插的生根率为20.1%。5 a用质量浓度600 mg/L的ABT1处理4 h时的生根效果最好,而100、300、700 a侧柏插穗用中浓度的IBA+NAA (1:1)处理时扦插生根率较高。进一步筛选发现质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的IBA+NAA (等质量比)处理1 min的插穗生根效果最好。全部年龄段侧柏插穗在愈伤组织形成期,可溶性糖、淀粉含量都上升,而5 a侧柏插穗上升的幅度最大。【结论】 选择侧柏古树幼嫩枝条夏季扦插有利于促进插穗不定根的形成。     

不同处理对日本雪椿扦插生根的影响

山茶花类作物生根困难,种苗需求量大,为提高育苗效率和苗木质量,研究了其属下的日本雪椿扦插过程中不同处理对其生根情况的影响,为日本雪椿的快速繁殖提供参考.采用5~8 cm的插穗,将插穗插入圆形营养钵中进行培养,随着扦插时间调查每个处理的愈伤形成率、生根率和根长,进行扦插时间、扦插基质及剪接方式对日本雪椿扦插成活的差异性分析,研究其扦插过程中不同因素对扦插成活率和生根的影响.结果表明,日本雪椿最适宜扦插时间是每年的6月中下旬,最适宜基质为V(珍珠岩)∶V(草炭土)∶V(细沙)=1∶1∶1,最适宜剪接方式为全叶插,且喷施生根液对扦插生根有促进作用.喷施生根液、全叶扦插处理可大幅度提高日本雪椿的生根率,实现其快速高效繁育.     

西南桦不同种源扦插生根能力比较

使用不同浓度生根促进剂处理不同种源西南桦插穗 ,研究了不同木质化程度穗条的扦插效果、不同基质对西南桦扦插繁殖生根效果的影响 ,以及不同种源西南桦的扦插生根能力。结果表明 ,嫩枝以ABT 1号生根粉 6 0 0mg/kg IBA 6 0 0mg/kg处理的效果最佳 ,半木质化枝条以ABT 1号生根粉 80 0mg/kg IBA 80 0mg/kg处理的效果最好 ,完全木质化的枝条以ABT 1号生根粉 10 0 0mg/kg IBA 10 0 0mg/kg处理的效果最好 ;3种基质的对比试验中以 10 0 %红心土表现最好 ;7个西南桦不同种源扦插生根试验结果中 ,以M16号种源的 3项生根指标表现最好     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with