GGT酶法合成γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸

以大肠杆菌K-12基因组中克隆表达的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶作为催化剂,L-谷氨酰胺和胱氨酸为底物合成γ-谷氨酰胱氨酸,经还原生成γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸.考察反应时间、酶浓度、补料方式等可能对酶促反应过程产生影响的因素,在L-谷氨酰胺0.1 mol/L、胱氨酸0.2 mol/L、酶浓度0.024 U/m L及p H为10.0的条件下,40℃反应12 h,γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸的最大浓度为6.13 g/L,L-谷氨酰胺的最大转化率为24.5%.     

小麦谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的器官分布及光照对GS基因表达的影响

用组织印迹法、Northern分子杂交、DEAE-纤维素柱层析技术、酶活性测定以及抑制剂等研究了小麦幼苗各器官谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的变化和光对GS活性及GS-mRNA的影响。结果表明:小麦幼苗各器官的GS活性和特性是不一样的。PPT对绿叶中GS的抑制高于根部,对叶绿体谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS2)的抑制强于细胞质谷氨酰胺合成酶(GSI)。组织印迹杂交测定了小麦汁液GS-mRNA的器官组织专一性基因的表达。光对总RNA和GS-mRNA有明显的诱导作用。     

固氮鱼腥藻HB686固氮_放氢与谷氨酰胺合成酶的关系

固氮鱼腥藻HB686(Anabaena azotica HB686)的固氮和放氢被氨抑制与蛋氨酸砜亚胺(MSX)解除氨抑制的作用呈平行关系.谷氨酰胺能抑制固氮和放氢,而对谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和吸氢酶却有激活作用.固氮血腥藻在Mg~(2+)介质中的乙炔还原活性和放氢量皆比在Mn~(2+)介质中的高,而GS的活性则相反.不同波长的光照射对固氮、放氢和GS活性有不同的影响.     

钙素在西花蓟马取食诱导菜豆防御酶活性中的作用简

研究钙素在西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis取食诱导菜豆防御中的作用.试验采用分光光度法,测定了西花蓟马取食、CaCl2处理及钙离子抑制剂EGTA[乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸]和LaCl3(氯化镧)处理后菜豆叶片脂氧合酶(LOX)、丙二烯氧化物合成酶(AOS)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(PR-2)4种防御酶活性的时序变化.结果表明:包括对照组在内6个处理组合的4种防御酶活性在整个测定时期差异显著(p0.05).但各酶活性达到峰值的时期不一致:LOX活性在第6h有最大值;AOS活性在第24h达到最大值;PAL活性在第0h有最大值;PR-2活性在第6h达到最大值.在上述各酶活性峰值期,西花蓟马取食及喷施Ca2+的处理组酶活性值均比对照组大,且Ca2+处理后的叶片经西花蓟马取食后酶活性值比单独的西花蓟马取食要高,而抑制剂处理后的叶片经西花蓟马取食后,酶活性值比单独的西花蓟马取食低,且2种抑制剂处理组合间的酶活性值差异均不具有统计学意义(p0.05).另外,单独喷施CaCl2后,LOX和PR-2活性均有个最大的峰期,分别为第3h和第24h.由此可见,菜豆叶片防御酶活性与植物发育状态、外界处理方式和处理时间有关;外施Ca2+能增强西花蓟马取食诱导的菜豆防御反应;抑制剂EGTA和LaCl3能减弱西花蓟马取食诱导的菜豆防御反应,且同浓度条件下的抑制效果相当;菜豆的诱导抗性反应需要Ca2+参与.     

钙素在西花蓟马取食诱导菜豆防御酶活性中的作用

研究钙素在西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis取食诱导菜豆防御中的作用.试验采用分光光度法,测定了西花蓟马取食、CaCl2处理及钙离子抑制剂EGTA[乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸]和LaCl3(氯化镧)处理后菜豆叶片脂氧合酶(LOX)、丙二烯氧化物合成酶(AOS)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(PR-2)4种防御酶活性的时序变化.结果表明:包括对照组在内6个处理组合的4种防御酶活性在整个测定时期差异显著(p0.05).但各酶活性达到峰值的时期不一致:LOX活性在第6h有最大值;AOS活性在第24h达到最大值;PAL活性在第0h有最大值;PR-2活性在第6h达到最大值.在上述各酶活性峰值期,西花蓟马取食及喷施Ca2+的处理组酶活性值均比对照组大,且Ca2+处理后的叶片经西花蓟马取食后酶活性值比单独的西花蓟马取食要高,而抑制剂处理后的叶片经西花蓟马取食后,酶活性值比单独的西花蓟马取食低,且2种抑制剂处理组合间的酶活性值差异均不具有统计学意义(p0.05).另外,单独喷施CaCl2后,LOX和PR-2活性均有个最大的峰期,分别为第3h和第24h.由此可见,菜豆叶片防御酶活性与植物发育状态、外界处理方式和处理时间有关;外施Ca2+能增强西花蓟马取食诱导的菜豆防御反应;抑制剂EGTA和LaCl3能减弱西花蓟马取食诱导的菜豆防御反应,且同浓度条件下的抑制效果相当;菜豆的诱导抗性反应需要Ca2+参与.     

重组大肠杆菌催化合成谷胱甘肽的研究

利用PCR技术扩增编码γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(GSHⅠ)及谷胱甘肽合成酶(GSHⅡ)的基因，并进行了部分序列分析，分别构建了表达质粒pTrc—gshI和pTrc—gshⅡ，它们在E．coliBL21中的稳定性很好。在E．coliBL21(pTrc—gshI)：E．coliBL21(pTrc—gshⅡ)-3：1的情况下，谷胱甘肽的合成达3．31g／L，高于工程菌E．coliBL21(pTrc—gsh)催化合成的谷胱甘肽的量(2．51g／L)。利用E．coliBL21(pTrc—gshI)与E．coliBL21(pTrc—gshⅡ)将γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸的合成与谷胱甘肽的合成分步进行，谷胱甘肽的合成达3．78g／L，比利用E．coliBL21(pTrc—gsh)采用两步法合成的谷胱甘肽高42．1％，解决了GSH对GHI的反馈抑制，并降低了ADP对第二步反应的抑制程度。     

不同小麦品种叶片衰老过程中谷氨酰胺合成酶和蛋白水解酶的活性变化

五个不同的半矮秆小麦品种在叶片自然衰老过程中,蛋白水解酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、全N含量等方面没有显著差异,而只有谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性过早的提高与秸杆N的残留量和产量有明显的负相关性.     

γ-MnO_2的制备及其降解苯酚的动力学研究

用水热法制备出γ-MnO2,研究其对苯酚的降解过程.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和比表面积及孔径分布仪(BET)对γ-MnO2结构和比表面积进行测定.实验结果表明γ-MnO2能够有效地降解苯酚,同时γ-MnO2被还原为Mn2+.pH值、苯酚的初始浓度和γ-MnO2的投加量是影响降解苯酚的主要因素,对降解动力学速率有显著影响,研究反应最初20 min的反应速率,pH值、苯酚初始浓度和γ-MnO2投加量对应的反应级数分别为-3.187 3、-0.423 5和0.173 4.降解热力学研究表明,反应活化能为5.301 kJ/mol,指前因子为4.98mM4.44·min-1.为更好地理解MnO2降解水中有机污染物基本原理提供了大量的有用信息.     

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶及其应用

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(EG 2．3．2．2，γ-GT)在生物体内分布相当广泛，从细菌到哺乳动物体内都有它的存在。该酶能催化3种类型的反应、转肽反应，自转肽反应和γ-谷氨酰基的水解反应。γ-GT在临床检测中可作为生物标志物，已经用作肝脏和其他疾病的常规检测指标。该酶在生物催化合成中也有相当重要的应用，利用此酶可以合成多种含γ-谷氨酰基的化合物。     

姜黄素对老年鼠脑内氧化性平衡和星形胶质细胞的影响

以SD大鼠为动物模型,采用Western blotting、酶活性测定、免疫荧光和高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)方法考察姜黄素处理12周后正常衰老大鼠皮层和海马的氧化性平衡和星形胶质细胞形态功能的变化.结果显示,姜黄素降低了老年鼠脑内氧化产物MDA和8-OHdG的含量,提升了γ-谷氨酰胺半胱氨酸合成酶(GCS)的活性并且促进GSH的产生,提示姜黄素可显著改善伴随正常衰老过程的脑内氧化性平衡;同时姜黄素可以抑制胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的过度表达,提升GS活性,增加GDNF水平和D-丝氨酸含量,表明其抑制星形胶质细胞过度活化的同时也改善了星形胶质细胞的功能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…