基于稀疏重构残差和随机森林的集成分类算法

传统的基于稀疏表示的图像分类算法,通常根据稀疏重构后类残差向量的l2范数得到分类判决.在复杂情况下,各类残差向量l2的范数差别可能并不明显,从而导致分类器作出错误判决.提出了一种基于稀疏表示和随机森林的集成分类方法,通过稀疏表达字典对图像进行重构,提取各类残差图像的l2范数组成特征向量,并引入随机森林进行分类判决,有效地提升了算法基于类残差向量的判决能力.在手写数字数据库MNIST上的实验结果表明,在训练样本数较少的情况下,提出的基于稀疏表示和随机森林的集成学习分类方法与目前主流的SVM分类方法及随机森林方法进行比较,识别率有较为明显的提高,具有良好的鲁棒性.     

结合过完备字典与PCA的小样本语音情感识别方法

针对稀疏表示识别方法需要大量样本训练过完备字典且特征冗余度较高的问题,提出了结合过完备字典学习与PCA降维的小样本语音情感识别算法.该方法首先用PCA降维方法将特征降维,再将处理后的特征用于过完备字典训练与稀疏表示识别方法,从而给出了语音情感特征的稀疏表示方法,并确定了新算法的具体步骤.为验证其有效性,在同等特征维数下,将方法与BP、SVM进行比较,并对比、分析语音情感特征稀疏化前后对语音情感识别率、时间效率以及空间效率的影响.试验结果表明,所提出方法的识别率比SVM与BP高;与采用稀疏化前的特征相比,稀疏化后的特征向量更便于处理,平均识别率提高约15%,时间效率提高近原来的1/2,空间效率提升近原来的1/3.     

基于遗传算法优化匹配追踪的自然环境声音分类

针对自然环境中各种背景噪声下的声音事件识别问题,提出一种基于遗传匹配追踪算法将自然环境音频信号稀疏表示进行分类的方法.首先,利用匹配追踪(MP)算法稀疏表示信号的主体结构,以消除噪声影响,其中利用采用精英策略的遗传算法(GA)优化MP的分解重构速度;接着,提取MFCCs作为音频信号的特征参数;最后,使用分类器支持向量机(SVM)和高斯混合模型(GMM)对4大类19种声音进行分类与比较,分类效果明显优于未进行稀疏表示的声音信号.实验表明,SVM模型分类效果优于GMM,提出的方法对实地采集的自然环境音频信号能有效识别.     

基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

完备的稀疏表示方法近年来应用在人脸识别中并取得较好的结果,它可以仅利用样本的随机投影完成对测试样本的识别。在实际应用中,由于受光照、遮挡等因素的影响,测试样本并不能通过训练样本的线性组合得到很好的稀疏重构。本文提出了基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法,借助核技巧,将数据样本和字典集映射到高维的未知空间,以解决特征的非线性相似问题。在核空间对数据样本进行稀疏重构,得到数据在核空间的一种简洁的稀疏表达方式从而提高识别率,而Metaface字典学习框架的引入可以得到更加精炼的字典,从全局上提高识别率。通过在ORL人脸库、Yale人脸库和AR人脸库的实验表明,同等情况下,本文提出的方法优于PCA,SVM,SRC等方法,进一步提高了人脸识别率,具有较好的应用价值。     

一种面向稀疏表示的最大间隔字典学习算法

近年来,基于稀疏表示的分类技术(SRC)在图像分类和目标识别中取得了巨大的成功。在该框架中,过完备基的学习和多类分类器(通常为支持向量机SVM)的训练是最关键的两个步骤。但在目前的许多方法中,这两个模块的构建过程都是相互独立的。该文针对以上问题,提出了一种用于稀疏表示的最大间隔字典学习算法,将两类SVM分类器的损失函数项的平方及分类间隔作为正则项与稀疏字典的学习过程进行了整合,并提出相应的坐标轮换优化算法对目标函数进行优化,实现了字典和分类器的同步学习。所提出的框架能够增强多类分类器中两类分类器的推广性能,并减少多类分类器的误差界。为了对所提出算法的性能进行评价,在2个常用标准库上进行了分类实验。结果表明,所提出的算法的与SRC相比识别率提升均超过3%。     

隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中存在的遮挡、阴影、反光等不同程度的数据破坏以及训练样本不充足导致识别率低的问题,提出一种基于隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示(LatLRR_SRC,Latent Low-Rank Representation Sparse Representation Classification)的人脸识别方法.该方法首先采用隐式低秩表示(LatLRR,Latent Low-Rank Representation)算法将训练样本矩阵分解为两个低秩逼近矩阵和一个稀疏误差矩阵.然后将低秩逼近矩阵和稀疏误差矩阵联合构成完备字典,并用K-SVD算法对字典进行学习,得到测试样本在学习后字典下的稀疏表示.最后对测试样本利用上述隐式低秩表示分解的三部分的稀疏逼近计算残差,完成测试样本的分类识别.在Extend YaleB和CMU PIE人脸数据上的实验结果表明,基于LatLRR_SRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和稳定性.     

局部保持的稀疏表示字典学习

稀疏表示分类中的字典选择至关重要,为了用较少的字典原子更好地表示原始训练样本的局部信息,并且使学习出的字典更加具有判别信息,提出了一种基于局部保持准则的稀疏表示字典学习方法.该方法将局部保持准则强加在编码系数上,使得学习出的字典具有相近数据点的编码系数也保持近邻关系的特性,从而保持原始训练样本的局部信息.在扩展YaleB、AR和COIL20数据库上的实验结果表明,文中方法的分类识别结果优于其他方法,说明该方法是有效的.     

基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别

通过对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像的统计特性分析,提出一种基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别算法,有效地解决了图像域稀疏表示识别算法存在的高维问题。由低维高精度的广义二维主分量特征构成过完备字典,基于Fisher线性判别准则对该字典进行学习优化,使得类内更紧凑,类间更分开,同时降低了稀疏求解的复杂度。求解测试样本在优化字典下的稀疏表示系数,根据系数矢量的能量特征完成分类识别。MSTAR（moving and stationany target acquisition and recognition）实测SAR图像数据实验的结果表明,该方法稀疏求解复杂度低,并且只需简单的SAR图像预处理即可有效地提高识别的准确率和速度     

SVM-KNN分类器在网页分类中的应用

为了提高中文网页自动分类的分类精度,将SVM-KNN方法用于中文网页分类.提出了一种中文网页的表示方法,在将下载的网页全部表示为向量空间的向量后,用SVM构造了一个多类分类器.在分类时通过在特征空间计算网页所表示的向量和分界面的距离决定采用SVM方法还是KNN方法对其分类.实验证明该方法是一种有效的方法,对网页分类的各类,使用该方法均比使用SVM方法具有更高的分类精度,同时能缓解SVM训练时对核参数的选择困难问题.     

基于模拟声辐射信号的桥上板式轨道脱空状态智能感知方法

提出了一种基于轨旁传声器采集结构声辐射信号的板式轨道脱空状态智能感知方法。建立了车-轨-桥耦合振动计算模型和声振耦合分析模型,模拟了列车动载激励下轨道板和桥梁结构的振动和声辐射响应,分析了轨道板脱空状态对结构振动和声辐射响应的影响规律,采用声辐射数值模拟数据和支持向量机（SVM）实现了对轨道板15种脱空状态的二分类和多分类识别。结果表明：相比于位移响应,加速度响应和声辐射响应对轨道板脱空状态的变化较为敏感;二分类SVM模型对于不同测点数据的分类效果有所差别,但准确率基本都能达到85 %以上;根据某测点声压数据训练出的二分类SVM模型对未知测点数据的分类准确率相比于自身测点数据下降10 %~30 %;多点位数据信息融合可以提高多分类识别准确率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with