铝铜微叠层复合材料制备和组织性能研究

通过真空热压法制备出铝铜金属间化合物微叠层复合材料,研究了保温时间、热压温度等工艺参数对成形过程的影响.采用SEM对结合界面进行显微形貌观察,利用EPMA表征界面处元素分布,确定出扩散层的数量和种类;通过显微硬度测试分析结合界面处的硬度分布.另外,分析了不同工艺条件下铝铜微叠层复合材料的导电率和导热系数.结果表明:随热压温度升高,铝铜微叠层复合材料结合界面处扩散层析出相种类逐渐变多、厚度逐渐增加,同时导致复合材料导电率呈现出先升后降,而导热系数则保持单调下降的态势.显微硬度的测试结果呈现由Cu层和Al向扩散层急剧增大的规律,且在扩散层中部硬度达到最大值.最终确定热压温度570 ℃、保温时间4h为较优的制备工艺,获得的铝铜微叠层复合材料导电率为55.75％(IACS),导热系数为258.3 W/(m ? K).     

非晶态镍磷合金层附着强度的研究

髟金相冲击断口法研究了化学沉积非晶态镍磷合金层与基体的结合状况，并用扭转法定量测量了化学沉积合金层的附着强度参数。试验结果表明沉积层在镀态时与基体为物理结合随温度升高，附着强度增大。经处理后逐步变为化学结合，际着强度可达６００ＭＮ／ｍ＾２。     

MoSi2／Si3N4叠层复合材料的制备及结构表征

以金属间化合物MoSi2为基体,Si3N4为夹层材料,采用常压烧结法制备MoSi2/Si3N4叠层复合材料.通过SEM、XRD、EPMA等对其结构与性能进行分析.结果表明,所制备的叠层复合材料,其界面结合紧密,相容性好;界面处有相互扩散,无不良反应;低温韧性有所改善.     

高温氨气氛下镍纳米催化剂的结构研究

研究了高温氨处理过程对SiO2/Si基底表面镍纳米薄膜显微结构变化的影响,探讨了镍纳米薄膜显微结构随氨气介入时间、薄膜厚度以及氨气刻蚀温度等参数变化的规律,并对氨在其变化过程中的作用机制进行了初步分析.结果表明:SiO2/Si基底表面镍纳米薄膜转变成高密度、小直径、均匀镍纳米颗粒的关键是恰当的氨气介入时间和刻蚀温度;硅表面的二氧化硅层有效地隔离了镍原子和硅原子的扩散,这种隔离层对镍纳米薄膜的显微结构有很大的影响,起到了阻碍硅和镍发生化合反应的作用,维持了镍在基底表面物质的量的恒定.     

化学刻蚀法制备铝合金基超疏水表面

采用简单化学刻蚀法对铝合金基体进行腐蚀,得到了粗糙表面.然后对铝合金粗糙表面进行氟化处理,得到了具有超疏水的表面.研究了不同刻蚀时间以及不同刻蚀液浓度对表面疏水效果的影响.结果发现:在实验的参数条件下,不同刻蚀时间下,接触角随着氢氟酸刻蚀时间的增加,先增加后减少,当氢氟酸刻蚀时间为7 min时,所得试件水的接触角最大.不同刻蚀液浓度下,接触角随着盐酸浓度的增加,先增加后减少.当盐酸浓度为4 mol/L时,所得试件水的接触角最大.     

化学刻蚀法在PVC/CaCO3复合材料显微结构研究中的应用

针对未经刻蚀处理所制备的SEM样品在研究PVC/CaCO3复合材料显微结构时的缺陷--碳酸钙填料和聚氯乙烯基体间较小的光学反差使电镜下很难辨别填料在基体中的分散状况,首次将化学刻蚀法引入PVC/CaCO3复合材料的微观结构研究中.结果表明:化学刻蚀制样法令碳酸钙粒子在PVC基体中的分散结构变得直观可视,为PVC/CaCO3材料的性能研究和质量控制提供了可靠的材料学图像依据,为高聚物/无机粒子复合材料的微观结构研究开拓了新思路.该方法可应用于其它类似复合材料的研究.     

镉镍电池正极边角料中镍的浸出动力学研究

研究在盐酸体系中,浸出温度,浸出剂浓度及氧化剂对镉镍电池正极边角料中镍的浸出行为的影响. 结果表明,盐酸浓度,浸出温度和氧化剂对镍的浸出行为有较大的影响,镍在盐酸中的浸出溶解反应为表面化学反应步骤所控制,表观活化能为53.49kJ*mol-1, 加入氧化剂能显著降低镍的溶解反应的表观活化能,加快了镍浸出速度,提高镍的浸出率.     

表面纳米化0Cr18Ni9Ti/TA17加镍中间层扩散连接

采用高能喷丸(HESP)对TA17钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面表面进行自纳米化(SSNC)处理;采用镍箔作为中间层,在不同温度(800～875℃)下对处理后的钛合金／不锈钢进行脉冲加压扩散连接(PPDB).对接头剖面组织进行金相观察;在拉伸试验机上测试接头拉伸强度,对断面进行SEM,EDS和XRD结构物相分析.研究结果表明:在850℃时接头拉伸强度达到最高,为322.8 MPa;连接后接头界面处纳米晶粒没有完全长大,存在细晶粒区;镍箔有效地阻止了Fe-Ti脆性金属间化合物的形成,在接头处形成β-Ti,(Fe,Ni)固溶体和Ti-Ni金属间化合物(Ti2Ni,TiNi,TiNi3);断裂发生在Ni层与Ti-Ni金属间化合物界面处.     

金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备尺寸可控的硅纳米线

为制备粗细均匀、大长度的硅纳米线,通过金属辅助化学刻蚀方法,以银作为辅助金属,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和FIB/SEM双束系统作为检测手段,结合微加工工艺,研究了不同的反应离子刻蚀时间和化学刻蚀时间对制备的硅纳米线的尺寸和形貌的影响。结果表明,通过该方法制备的硅纳米线粗细均匀、长度较大。控制反应离子刻蚀时间和化学刻蚀反应时间,可以控制硅纳米线的形貌与尺寸。     

SiCp/Al复合材料超疏水功能表面的性能及制备

为提高SiCp/Al复合材料的服役性能,本研究采用紫外激光刻蚀与盐酸溶液腐蚀相结合的方法,在SiCp/Al复合材料试样表面构建二级微结构,经低表面能处理后制备出超疏水功能表面.采用超景深三维显微系统、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、能量色散X射线能谱仪(energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)、接触角仪等设备,以及电化学试验、温度循环试验、摩擦试验等方法,研究了所制备的SiCp/Al复合材料超疏水功能表面的微观形貌、组成成分、疏水性、耐腐蚀性、温度稳定性以及耐磨性.试验结果表明:所制备的试样具备良好的超疏水性能,10 μm粒径试样表面的接触角达到了163.8°,且滚动角小于1°.与未处理试样相比,所制备试样的表面具有良好的耐腐蚀性、防污性和温度稳定性,以及一定的耐磨性能.同时,SiC颗粒的粒径越大,激光刻蚀难度越大,所制备试样表面的耐腐蚀性能越好.SiC颗粒粒径对所制备试样表面的防污性、温度稳定性和耐磨性能的影响较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.