基于饱和-非饱和理论的某土石坝渗流及坝坡稳定分析

土石坝的渗流场实际上是由饱和与非饱和渗流组成的统一体,而在实际工程中一般只考虑饱和渗流,这就使得计算结果与实际有所偏差.基于Geo-studio软件的seep/w和slop/w模块,以某土石坝为研究对象,对仅考虑饱和渗流与考虑饱和-非饱和渗流对坝体渗流及坝坡稳定的影响进行比较分析.研究结果表明:考虑饱和-非饱和渗流情况下的浸润线位置相较单纯考虑饱和渗流情况下的高,坝体渗流量有所增加,最大渗透比降相对较小,渗透稳定性较好;但与此同时,在渗流计算基础上用极限平衡法求得的结果显示前者稳定系数较小,基于规范规定的饱和渗流计算获得的坝体稳定系数偏于不安全.     

利用饱和-非饱和渗流模型计算坝体自由面渗流

建立了一种饱和-非饱和渗流模型求解坝体自由面渗流．该模型将坝体渗流场的饱和区、毛细区、壤水区表述成统一的非线性抛物型方程形式,通过计算近似间断的饱和度函数自动捕获渗流自由面(浸润面)．采用空间有限元离散、隐式时间方法求解描述饱和-非饱和渗流场非线性抛物型方程,对复杂坝体自由面渗流的求解精度高、计算方便．利用该方法对辽宁清河发电厂曹家沟灰场灰坝进行了三维数值计算,计算结果与实测及水-电比拟实验结果比较表明,计算结果是可靠的．     

降雨对非饱和土路基含水量的影响分析

降雨对非饱和土路基的含水量具有较显著影响。基于路基内部水运动原理,分析了降雨对路基的浸润作用;研究IEM和FDEM降雨模型雨水入渗路基机理,导出了降雨作用下雨水入渗路基深度公式;研究了降雨作用下非饱和土路基的饱和一非饱和流,基于一般渗流方程,初步推出了降雨作用下非饱和土路基的饱和一乍饱和渗流公式。分析结果表明,降雨作用下的路基渗流的深度可达100.0cm以上,含水量的变化可达15％。     

考虑非饱和区变形的基坑降水沉降分析

传统的基坑降水渗流沉降耦合分析中,通常未考虑非饱和区的变形以及土体的非线性特征.本研究基于非饱和土有效应力理论,考虑土体孔隙特征及渗透性随应力状态的动态变化,建立了基坑降水饱和—非饱和渗流沉降耦合模型.利用Flex PDE软件编制计算程序,对一典型基坑降水模型进行了计算分析.分析结果表明,渗流—变形耦合效应会对地下水渗流场的分布造成一定影响,而孔隙度、饱和渗透系数变化对地面沉降的影响则具有时间效应;基坑降水初期,地面沉降速度较快,降水中应该引起格外重视.     

降雨作用下第四系堆积体路堤稳定性

满足一般路基要求在稳定的第四系堆积体上的低路堤在运营中出现了变形破坏,以饱和与非饱和渗流理论、FREDLUND非饱和土双应力变量强度理论为基础,建立路堤填筑前后计算模型,分析了四川阆中沟溪村某道路工程一段第四系堆积体路堤填筑前后的稳定性。研究结果显示, 路线通过处第四系堆积体地质条件简单,原始斜坡在最不利的降雨工况下也保持了稳定,路堤填筑高度仅4m,符合一般路基的要求;堆积体路堤在最不利降雨工况下随着降雨过程稳定性系数不断降低,当降雨达到11小时,稳定性系数小于1.0,此时路堤发生破坏,与路基失稳破坏的现象一致。在山区公路建设过程中,稳定的第四系堆积体上填筑低路堤虽然满足路基设计规范对一般路基的要求,不需要进行单独验算,但在长期降雨作用下其稳定性会持续降低,极可能出现失稳破坏。因此,在工程设计与施工中应当验算其长期降雨作用下的稳定性,以保证工程的安全。     

基于Buckley-Leverett方程的水气两相渗流理论

为了准确的研究降雨条件下的饱和-非饱和带地下水运动水气二相渗流过程，以Buckley-Leverett两相渗流方程为基础，从水气二相渗流的连续性方程和达西定律出发，推导了岩土饱和-非饱和带水气二相渗流的三维动力耦合模型，并利用伽辽金有限元法和隐式向后差分法给出了数值解法，编制了相应的三维有限元计算程序。以龙滩水电站工程为实例进行计算，结果证明了所提出的模型对饱和-非饱和渗流计算的有效性。     

非饱和土渗透系数的试验研究

非饱和土的复杂性和多变性决定了其渗透特性明显不同于饱和土,无法根据土壤的基本性质从理论上分析得出,试验难度也较大。本研究采用的稳态渗流试验装置,是根据非饱和土的特性设计出的非饱和土渗透系数直接测量的一种新方法,通过对粉土和砂质壤土两种非饱和土的渗透特性进行试验研究,得出了非饱和土含水量与渗透系数的基本关系。同时,对其关系曲线进行了van Genuchten-Mualem模型拟合,得出了很好的结果。     

水位骤降条件下强透水基础岸墙填土渗流分析

根据强透水基础岸墙填土渗流的特点,基于饱和、非饱和土渗流理论,编写了水位骤降条件下的一维瞬态渗流差分程序,并用模型试验以及数值模拟验证了程序的可靠性。利用该程序研究了3个参数降水速度、渗透系数及土的饱和含水量对渗流过程中水压变化规律的影响。结果表明,降水速度及渗透系数对水位骤降过程水压的变化影响较大,土的饱和含水量则对此影响微弱。     

降雨入渗条件下边坡湿陷变形的数值模拟

降雨入渗是边坡发生失稳滑动破坏的主要因素之一为研究降雨入渗条件下边坡湿陷变形的基本特性,采用修正的巴萨罗那模型（BBM）和非饱和多孔介质力学理论,建立了基于弹垫性分析的非饱和流固耦合计算模型,开发相应的有限元程序,进行降雨入渗下非饱和土边坡渗流场和应力场耦合的数值分析,研究了降雨持时、降雨强度以及饱和渗透系数对边坡渗流和变形的影响．结果表明：该计算模型能够很好地反映边坡的湿陷变形特性,最大湿陷变形发生在坡面拐角及坡顶位置．降雨强度和土体饱和渗透系数的大小对边坡内孔压和位移影响显著：在降雨强度小于饱和渗透系数时,坡内孔压及位移随降雨强度的增大而增大;当饱和渗透系数小于且接近降雨强度时,坡内孔压和位移增量明显增大;而当饱和渗透系数远大于或小于降雨强度时,坡内孔压及位移变化量则较小．     

非饱和土的临界状态面模型

饱和土与非饱和土之间及非饱和土之间在力学性质上的差别主要是由于它们饱和度的不同而造成的．以饱和度作为参变量，以现有的比较成熟的土的本构理论作为基础，充分考虑饱和度的变化对土的工程性质的影响，根据塑性硬化理论和临界状态以及屈服面的概念，研究了非饱和土的流动法则和硬化规律，导出了非饱和土的应力应变增量公式，建立了一种较为简单的描述非饱和土应力应变特性的本构模型，为丰富和进一步完善非饱和土的本构理论作了有希的探讨．该模型具有广阔的工稃府用前景．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…