面向行车预警的临界安全车距研究

已有的车距计算模型与实测数据存在差异,主要原因在于现有的计算模型对汽车的制动性能及诸如路面附着系数、驾驶员的操纵特性等影响因素存在一些模糊认识。本文对安全车距的内涵进一步解析,并对距离进行分项,详细论述了安全车距的具体涵义,提出了临界安全车距的理论计算方法,为行车预警中的车距预警提供理论研究基础。     

基于心生理反应的高速公路隧道入口安全

高速公路隧道入口由于光照强度变化,导致驾驶员行车时出现暂时失明而产生安全隐患,为了提高高速公路隧道口的行车安全性和驾驶舒适性。以交通工程学、高等数学、心生理学理论为基础,通过实车驾驶试验,检测驾驶员进隧道时的心生理反应参数、行车速度、光照强度和GPS数据,定性、定量分析高速公路隧道口距离与光照强度、速度、驾驶员心生理反应的相互关系,建立了隧道入口段多元回归安全评价模型。结果表明：驾驶员倾向减速驶入隧道,加速驶离隧道,心率随着速度的增大呈现不同幅度的增长;在隧道入口外3m至内20m照度变化最为明显,驾驶员的心率增长率随着照度的降低逐渐增大,在距隧道洞口内8m位置处心率增长率达到峰值,最大为31.95%,得到基于照度变化率的舒适性阈值为[5%,57%],为高速公路隧道口灯光参数设计和交通安全管理提供了理论参考依据。     

基于驾驶员反应时间特性的特长隧道行车安全

为提高特长隧道行车安全水平,以驾驶员反应时间特性为研究目标,选取G65包茂高速武隆段的6条特长隧道为研究对象,利用自主研制的基于动态环境的反应时间测量平台,研究分析了距隧道入口距离,隧道平曲线线形、纵坡率以及行车车速对驾驶员反应时间特性影响规律;研究结果表明:1）相同行车条件下,对驾驶员反应时间特性影响较为显著的因素包括距隧道入口距离、隧道平曲线线形及行车车速,隧道纵坡率对其影响不显著;2）6条特长隧道的驾驶员反应时间沿距隧道入口距离呈先迅速减小,后缓慢增加的一个总体趋势,在距隧道入口750m附近达到最小值,接近隧道出口处时迅速增大;且隧道内行车时间越长,平均反应时间值及波动越大。3）平曲线线形为入口直线线形段、中间曲线+直线线形组合段、出口曲线线形段的平均反应时间及反应时间标准差相对较低,行车安全状况更佳;4）三种模拟车速下,驾驶员反应时间随行车车速的增大而减小。针对研究结论给出了以反应时间为控制目标的行车安全建议。     

驾驶员前向避撞行为特征的降维及多元方差分析

驾驶员在追尾临撞工况下的避撞过程可以分为多个阶段(如制动前、制动后),而在每一阶段中,又存在多个分析角度(如制动快慢、制动力度)及不同的关键时刻与特征值,因此系统描述驾驶员的避撞行为需要多种参数.对多种避撞行为参数进行降维处理,并探究工况紧急程度对每类参数的综合影响.利用同济大学8自由度高仿真驾驶模拟器,研究驾驶员在不同前车减速度(0.30g,0.50g,0.75g)和不同初始车头时距(1.5s,2.5s)下的避撞行为,全面记录了驾驶员危险感知、油门释放和刹车制动等避撞行为参数.利用主成分分析对众多参数进行降维处理,将避撞行为特征划分为感知反应、制动延误、制动力度3个方面,并通过多元方差分析探究车头时距、前车减速度及二者交互项对这3个方面的影响.结果表明,驾驶员感知反应受到车头时距和前车减速度同时影响,制动延误受到车头时距、前车减速度以及二者交互项的影响,制动力度则仅受到前车减速度的影响.在变化趋势上,随着工况紧急程度的增加,驾驶员的感知反应越快,制动延误越短,而制动力度越大.     

不同驾驶员反应时间对汽车防撞安全距离的影响研究

驾驶员的反应时间会影响汽车的制动距离,从而影响驾驶员在紧急情况下通过制动来避免碰撞的安全距离。首先通过实验测得不同类型的驾驶员的反应时间,选取具有代表性的四种类型的驾驶员,然后将前车的运动状态分三种情况进行研究,考虑到实车试验的安全性、偶然误差等问题,因此利用MATLAB/Simulink以及Carsim软件建模进行相关分析,通过分析相关曲线发现,不同类型的驾驶员所需要的防撞安全距离存在一定差距,并且后车速度越大防撞安全距离差距就越明显。     

电动液压助力制动系统制动意图识别方法

针对驾驶员在紧急状况下存在着因踏板力不足而导致制动距离过长问题,以某电动液压助力制动系统为研究对象,提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型的驾驶员制动意图识别方法,根据对驾驶员制动意图的识别来控制助力电机执行正常制动或紧急制动的助力模式.选取助力电机的转角、转速和车速作为制动意图识别参数.以制动强度为界限对识别参数数据集进行划分,训练出正常制动与紧急制动识别模型参数,建立了识别模型库,通过比较各模型库的对数似然估计值,判断出驾驶员的制动意图.仿真结果表明:该模型可准确、实时地识别出驾驶员的制动意图;在驾驶员踏板力一定的情况下,具有制动意图识别控制的助力器具有更好的制动效果,提高了驾驶安全性.     

基于驾驶行为的夜间山区作业路段安全距离研究

山区公路养护作业多数边通车边作业,为了减少养护作业对道路交通的影响,作业工作常常在夜间进行。为了提高夜间道路交通的安全性,以夜间作业区环境影响驾驶员视觉特性理论分析为基础,应用眼动仪等科学仪器,实地采集驾驶员夜间行车速度、视距和驾驶员的心生理反应等数据,分析夜间驾驶员明适应时间与车速的相互关系,不同年龄驾驶员的暗适应时间的变化规律,得到了速度与安全距离的关系模型,最终确定了基于“黑洞效应”的夜间安全行驶距离值,为解决夜间交通安全事故多发提出来一种思路。     

基于驾驶行为的夜间山区作业路段安全距离分析

山区公路养护作业多数边通车边作业,为了减少养护作业对道路交通的影响,作业工作常常在夜间进行。为了提高夜间道路交通的安全性,以夜间作业区环境影响驾驶员视觉特性理论分析为基础,应用眼动仪等科学仪器,实地采集驾驶员夜间行车速度、视距和驾驶员的心生理反应等数据,分析夜间驾驶员明适应时间与车速的相互关系,不同年龄驾驶员的暗适应时间的变化规律,得到了速度与安全距离的关系模型,最终确定了基于"黑洞效应"的夜间安全行驶距离值,为解决夜间交通安全事故多发提出来一种思路。     

基于ITS的行车安全辅助系统

采用4阶Kalman滤波和X^2检验方法对雷达原始信号进行处理，开发车载扫描式激光雷达探测系统．基于40名驾驶员试验数据，建立驾驶员主观安全距离模型．在考虑驾驶员操作特性和车辆动力学特性基础上，采用分层控制的结构设计安全车距保持控制器．在上述基础上开发行车安全辅助系统，该系统具有安全车距保持、自动起停和前向主动避撞的功能，其稳态距离误差小于1m，稳态速度误差小于1．5m／s。     

跟驰行驶状态下的驾驶模拟有效性研究

为验证驾驶模拟技术在跟驰行为研究中的有效性,设计了实车实验与驾驶模拟实验。选取了跟驰距离、跟驰距离标准差、车头时距及驾驶员反应延迟时间作为分析指标,并采用Wilcox检验、生存分析方法分别验证了非时间数据、时间数据的有效性。结果表明跟驰距离、车头时距、驾驶员反应延迟时间具备绝对有效性,两种不同实验环境下跟驰距离标准差随跟驰速度变化趋势相同,具备相对有效性。实车实验中,前车加速度、前后车相对距离、前车加速度变化状态显著影响驾驶员反应延迟时间。有效性分析结果为基于驾驶模拟实验的跟驰行为研究提供前提条件,生存分析结果可用于驾驶员反应延迟时间建模及跟驰模型优化。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.