丙烯酸钾反相悬浮共聚合过程中的相转变

用电导率仪、像衬光学显微镜对共聚体系反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,试验结果表明:反相悬浮聚合共聚体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态。     

反相悬浮制备高吸水性聚丙烯酸钾及结构表征

通过反相悬浮法合成高吸水性聚丙烯酸钾树脂,利用电导、像衬光学显微镜对反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,并采用红外和热重分析对树脂的分子结构和热稳定性进行了表征.实验结果表明:反相悬浮聚合体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态.红外光谱显示树脂中存在大量亲水性基团,由热分析得知树脂热分解温度约为400℃,热稳定性良好.     

反相悬浮丙烯酸钾三元共聚过程及结构表征

采用反相悬浮法合成高吸水聚丙烯酸盐共聚物P(KAA_AM_NAM),利用电导、像衬光学显微镜对反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,并采用红外和热重分析对树脂的分子结构和稳定性等进行了表征.结果表明,反相悬浮聚合体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态.树脂的红外光谱分析显示树脂中存在大量亲水性基团,由热分析得知,其热分解温度约为420℃,热稳定性良好.     

表面图案化PNIPAM/SiO2复合微球的制备和表征

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）高分子微凝胶,以PNIPAM为微反应器,利用四乙氧基正硅烷在氨水介质中的溶胶-凝胶反应,制得了具有表面图案化的核-壳型微米级PNIPAM/SiO2复合微球.并利用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪和热重分析等手段对复合微球进行了形貌和组分表征.     

微凝胶模板法制备表面图案化CuS有机-无机复合微球

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了PNIPAM和P(NIPAM-co-MAA)微凝胶,以这2种微凝胶为模板,制得了具有表面图案化结构的PNIPAM/CuS和P(NIPAM-co-MAA)/CuS有机—无机复合微球。结果表明:复合微球的表面形貌取决于微凝胶模板的性质和金属无机物的相对沉积量。微凝胶模板法为制备具有复杂形貌的有机-无机复合微球材料提供了一种新的途径。     

辐射法合成超强吸水剂凝胶

研究了用γ－射线引发反相悬浮聚合法制备超强吸水凝胶的工艺条件。讨论了辐射剂量，剂量率，单体浓度，单体中和度，交联剂等不同反应条件对聚合物吸水性能的影响；通过对辐射交联溶胶分数和辐射剂量之间的关联，计算了辐射凝胶剂量与辐射产额。研究结果表明，辐射交联网络的精细结构及其固定电荷的浓度是吸水剂凝胶吸水的主要原因。     

苯乙烯的原子转移悬浮聚合研究

用氯化苄为引发剂 ,氯化亚铜为催化剂 ,2 ,2′-联吡啶为配体 ,采用开放体系 ,外加搅拌 ,氮气保护下 ,初步研究了苯乙烯在 95℃ ,水为分散相的原子转移悬浮聚合 .结果表明转化率随反应时间变化平稳 ,分子量随转化率基本呈线性增加 ,分子量分布随转化率变窄 ,且分布比一般的自由基聚合窄 (分布指数可达 1 .63 ) .动力学研究表明聚合反应对单体浓度为一级动力学关系 ,经计算 ,聚合体系的活性自由基浓度为 1 .1 8× 1 0 - 8mol/L.为了进一步验证原子转移悬浮聚合的可控性 ,还进行了相同温度下的苯乙烯悬浮热聚合 ,结果与相同时间的原子转移悬浮聚合相比 ,转化率高 (分别为 3 8.5 %和 2 8.1 % ) ,分子量大 (分别为 7764 2和 45 670 ) ,分子量分布宽 (分别为3 .0 2和 1 .67) ,进一步说明了在原子转移催化剂存在下的苯乙烯悬浮聚合具有一定程度的可控性 .     

气相原位反应制备表面负载纳米银PAM复合微球

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)高分子微凝胶,以PAM微凝胶为微反应器,通过气相原位还原,利用甲醛与银氨溶液的银镜反应,制得了表面担载银纳米粒子的微米级Ag/PAM复合微球.利用SEM、XRD和TGA等手段对复合微球进行了形貌和组分表征.结果表明:该复合微球具有规则的表面图案化形貌和核-壳结构,并具有内亲水外疏水的特性,银纳米粒子担载量大约为8.52%.     

微凝胶模板法制备具有特殊表面形貌的CdS有机-无机复合微球

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了包埋有Cd2+的中性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)微凝胶和阴离子型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-甲基丙烯酸)(P(NIPAM-co-MAA))微凝胶.以这2种微凝胶为微反应器,通过外源导入法通入H2S气体,引发CdS沉积反应,制得具有不同表面形貌的有机-无机复合微球.扫描电镜观察表明:微球表面图案结构形貌与模板的性质有关,微球的尺寸在50 μm左右,且具有类核-壳结构.X射线衍射分析表明复合微球中的CdS呈晶态,属立方晶形.微球具有CdS荧光特征,模板本性对微球荧光有一定影响.     

pH敏感聚衣康酸/丙烯酰胺水凝胶微球的制备与性能

采用反相悬浮聚合，以衣康酸／丙烯酰胺共聚制备pH敏感水凝胶微球，研究了加料方式、分散剂的种类与用量、分散介质的种类与用量、单体浓度与配比和交联剂的用量等因素对水凝胶微球成球性能和外观的影响；探讨了原料配比、交联程度等因素对水凝胶微球pH敏感性的影响．实验结果表明：以逐步滴加的方式，span60为分散剂，水油体积比控制在15：50，分散剂占单体总质量的2．5％，单体摩尔配比以IMAM为1：5．5，交联剂与单体质量比9．4％，在环己烷中对衣康酸和丙烯酰胺进行聚合能制备出pH敏感性与表观形态都较好的水凝胶微球．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…